CN113218560A - Ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force - Google Patents
Ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113218560A CN113218560A CN202110420543.9A CN202110420543A CN113218560A CN 113218560 A CN113218560 A CN 113218560A CN 202110420543 A CN202110420543 A CN 202110420543A CN 113218560 A CN113218560 A CN 113218560A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bolt
- calibration
- ultrasonic
- fft
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force, which comprises the following steps: selecting a calibration bolt, and obtaining a reference waveform w under a zero-stress state0(ii) a Performing calibration test on the calibration bolt to obtain calibration data sigmaiAnd wi(ii) a To w0Fast Fourier transform and conjugate calculation to obtain FFT (w)0)*(ii) a To wiFast Fourier transform to obtain FFT (w)i) (ii) a FFT (w)0) And FFT (w)0)*Element multiplication to obtain FFT (R (w)0，wi) Compensating for M-1 times of zero to obtain FFT (R)M(w0，wi) ); performing inverse Fourier transform to obtain RM(w0，wi) Searching the corresponding position of the maximum value element to obtain the waveform time delay delta ti(ii) a Obtaining a bolt pretightening force coefficient A by using the calibration data; obtaining a measurement waveform; the ultrasonic time delay is obtained and is substituted into a bolt pretightening force formula to obtain the pretightening force, and the bolt pretightening force is measured by adopting the method, so that the measuring speed can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to an ultrasonic bolt pretightening force real-time estimation method.
Background
The bolt connection is an important connection mode in engineering production, has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly and disassembly, high efficiency, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to important equipment such as aerospace, traffic bridges, building structures, chemical products and the like.
In actual engineering construction, improper bolt pretightening force can damage the quality of a bolt connecting pair and directly influence the integrity and reliability of equipment. Therefore, the accurate, intuitive and convenient measurement of the bolt pretightening force plays a crucial role in the wide application of the bolt pretightening force in the industrial field. The traditional bolt pretightening force measuring method comprises a torque pulling method, a resistance strain gauge method and the like, but most methods have certain limitations in the aspect of bolt pretightening force monitoring due to the problems of poor control precision, low measuring efficiency and the like. In recent years, an ultrasonic measurement method in a nondestructive testing technology is rapidly developed in bolt pretightening force measurement application, and the theoretical basis of measuring pretightening force based on acoustic elasticity by an ultrasonic method is also perfected through years of research. The ultrasonic longitudinal wave method has extremely high sensitivity to the cylindrical bolt due to transmission along the central axis, and is widely applied to engineering measurement of bolt stress.
In the fields of important engineering such as water conservancy and hydropower and aerospace, bolt pretightening force needs to be monitored in real time (more than or equal to 10Hz), which requires that an ultrasonic bolt pretightening force estimation algorithm has higher calculation speed. In the existing ultrasonic bolt pretightening force measurement scheme, the sampling digit of the adopted data acquisition card is mostly 200MHz, if an interpolation algorithm is not adopted, the pretightening force resolution is only 5MPa, the requirement of the engineering measurement resolution of 1MPa is not met, and in order to further reduce the pretightening force resolution, a tri-spline interpolation algorithm is usually adopted in the prior art method, but the calculation complexity of the interpolation algorithm is about O (N ^2), when the data point number N is large, the calculation time is raised quadratically, the calculation amount is huge, and the real-time requirement cannot be met. Therefore, the ultrasonic real-time bolt pretightening force estimation algorithm has important application significance in the aspect of bolt pretightening force detection in the field of major engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide an ultrasonic real-time estimation method for the pretightening force of the bolt, which can simply, conveniently, real-timely, low-cost and high-precision measure the pretightening force of the bolt and effectively improve the measuring speed of the pretightening force of the bolt.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting any bolts with the same specification and the same batch of bolts to be measured as calibration bolts, and measuring the calibration bolts through ultrasonic waves under the zero-stress state to obtain a reference waveform w0；
S2: performing calibration test on the calibration bolt to obtain calibration data sigmaiAnd wiWhere σ isiIndicating the magnitude of the pretension, wiRepresenting ultrasonic waveforms in corresponding pretightening force states;
s3: to w0Performing fast Fourier transform to obtain reference waveform frequency domain data FFT (w)0) And find FFT (w)0) Conjugation yields FFT (w)0)*；
S4: to wiPerforming fast Fourier transform to obtain a calibration waveform frequency domain array FFT (wi)；
S5: FFT (w)0) And FFT (w)0)*Element multiplication is carried out to obtain FFT (R (w)0，wi) And FFT (R (w)) is performed on the data according to the interpolation multiple M0，wi) Zero-1 times of the tail part to obtain a data set FFT (R)M(w0，wi))；
S6: FFT (R) on the data setM(w0，wi) ) inverse Fourier transform to obtain cross-correlation array RM(w0，wi) Looking up RM(w0，wi) The maximum value element corresponds to the position maxPos, and w is obtained according to a time delay estimation formula delta T ═ maxPos delta T/M0，wiTime delay Δ t of waveform therebetweeniWherein Δ T is a hardware sampling time interval;
s7: fitting a bolt pretightening force formula by using the calibration data by using a least square method to obtain a bolt pretightening force coefficient A;
s8: measuring the bolt to be measured through ultrasonic waves to obtain a measured waveform wtest；
S9: repeating the steps S4-S7 to obtain a measured waveform wtestAnd the reference waveform w0Ultrasonic time delay Δ t therebetweentestAnd substituting the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient A obtained by calculation in the S7 into a bolt pre-tightening force formula to obtain the pre-tightening force of the bolt to be tested.
Preferably, the expression of the bolt pretension formula is as follows:
σ＝A·Δt
in the formula, A is the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient, sigma is the bolt pre-tightening force, and delta t is the ultrasonic time delay.
Preferably, the specific operation step of step S2 includes:
s2-1: determining the clamping length of the calibration bolt according to the actual fastening condition, and clamping the calibration bolt on a stretcher;
s2-2: in the elastic stage of the calibration bolt, applying different pretightening forces sigma to the calibration bolt by using a stretcheriWhere i is 1, 2, …, n (n ≧ 5), n denoting the number of different stress states applied by the stretcher;
s2-3: acquiring ultrasonic signals under corresponding pretightening force to obtain a calibration waveform wi；
Preferably, the specific operation step of step S7 includes:
s7-1: will calibrate Δ t in the dataiAs an argument, σiPerforming linear fitting to obtain a linear fitting equation sigma k · Δ t + b as a dependent variable;
s7-2: judging whether the intercept b of the linear fitting equation meets the effective condition of the calibration data, if not, performing calibration data acquisition on the calibration bolt again, and updating the calibration data until the intercept b of the linear fitting equation meets the effective condition of the calibration data;
s7-3: if the intercept b meets the effective condition of the calibration data, the coefficient of the bolt pretension force is A ═ k;
preferably, the step S1 further includes the following steps:
preprocessing the end face of the calibration bolt, and arranging a piezoelectric sensor on the end face of the calibration bolt; the piezoelectric sensor has an ultrasonic self-generating and self-receiving mode and is used for ultrasonic measurement of the calibration bolt.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps before step S8:
preprocessing the end face of the bolt to be detected, and arranging a piezoelectric sensor on the end face of the bolt to be detected; the piezoelectric sensor has an ultrasonic self-transmitting and self-receiving mode and is used for ultrasonic measurement of the bolt to be measured.
Further, the end face of the calibration bolt is preprocessed, and a piezoelectric sensor is arranged on the end face of the calibration bolt, and the specific operation includes:
polishing the end face of the calibration bolt, and bonding a piezoelectric sensor on the polished end face; the piezoelectric sensor includes a piezoelectric wafer.
Further, to the terminal surface of the bolt that awaits measuring carries out the preliminary treatment, and be in the terminal surface of the bolt that awaits measuring sets up piezoelectric sensor, and concrete operation includes:
polishing the end face of the bolt to be detected, and bonding a piezoelectric sensor on the polished end face; the piezoelectric sensor includes a piezoelectric wafer.
Preferably, the piezoelectric wafer is a circular piezoelectric wafer and is concentric with the end face of the calibration bolt or concentric with the end face of the bolt to be tested.
Preferably, the polished end face satisfies a surface roughness of less than 3.2 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the existing ultrasonic bolt pretightening force measurement technology has the hardware sampling rate of only 200MHz due to hardware limitation, a three-spline interpolation algorithm is usually adopted for improving the pretightening force resolution, but the calculation complexity of the interpolation algorithm is about O (N ^2), when the number N of data points is large, the calculation time is raised in a quadratic way, the calculation amount is huge, and the real-time requirement cannot be met. According to the technical scheme, a time domain interpolation idea in the prior art is changed, frequency domain zero padding operation is performed, the method has the characteristic of high calculation speed, and the measuring speed of the bolt pre-tightening force can be effectively improved by measuring the bolt pre-tightening force by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of time delay estimation steps S4-S7 in an ultrasonic real-time bolt pretension estimation method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bonding structure of a piezoelectric wafer and a bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a bolt, and 2 is a piezoelectric wafer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a real-time estimation method for ultrasonic bolt pretightening force includes the steps:
s1: selecting any bolts with the same specification and the same batch of bolts to be measured as calibration bolts, and measuring the calibration bolts through ultrasonic waves under the zero-stress state to obtain a reference waveform w0；
S2: performing calibration test on the calibration bolt to obtain calibration data sigmaiAnd wiWhere σ isiIndicating the magnitude of the pretension, wiIndicating the corresponding pretensionUltrasonic waveforms in the state;
s3: to w0Performing fast Fourier transform to obtain reference waveform frequency domain data FFT (w)0) And find FFT (w)0) Conjugation yields FFT (w)0)*；
S4: to wiPerforming fast Fourier transform to obtain a calibration waveform frequency domain array FFT (wi)；
S5: FFT (w)0) And FFT (w)0)*Element multiplication is carried out to obtain FFT (R (w)0，wi) And FFT (R (w)) is performed on the data according to the interpolation multiple M0，wi) Zero-1 times of the tail part to obtain a data set FFT (R)M(w0，wi))；
S6: FFT (R) on the data setM(w0，wi) ) inverse Fourier transform to obtain cross-correlation array RM(w0，wi) Looking up RM(w0，wi) The maximum value element corresponds to the position maxPos, and w is obtained according to a time delay estimation formula delta T ═ maxPos delta T/M0，wiTime delay Δ t of waveform therebetweeniWherein Δ T is a hardware sampling time interval;
s7: fitting a bolt pretightening force formula by using the calibration data by using a least square method to obtain a bolt pretightening force coefficient A;
s8: measuring the bolt to be measured through ultrasonic waves to obtain a measured waveform wtest；
S9: repeating the steps S4-S7 to obtain a measured waveform wtestAnd the reference waveform w0Ultrasonic time delay Δ t therebetweentestAnd substituting the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient A obtained by calculation in the S7 into a bolt pre-tightening force formula to obtain the pre-tightening force of the bolt to be tested.
Preferably, the expression of the bolt pretension formula is as follows:
σ＝A·Δt
in the formula, A is the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient, sigma is the bolt pre-tightening force, and delta t is the ultrasonic time delay.
Preferably, the specific operation step of step S2 includes:
s2-1: determining the clamping length of the calibration bolt according to the actual fastening condition, and clamping the calibration bolt on a stretcher;
s2-2: in the elastic stage of the calibration bolt, applying different pretightening forces sigma to the calibration bolt by using a stretcheriWhere i is 1, 2, …, n (n ≧ 5), n denoting the number of different stress states applied by the stretcher;
s2-3: acquiring ultrasonic signals under corresponding pretightening force to obtain a calibration waveform wi；
Preferably, the specific operation step of step S7 includes:
s7-1: will calibrate Δ t in the dataiAs an argument, σiPerforming linear fitting to obtain a linear fitting equation sigma k · Δ t + b as a dependent variable;
s7-2: judging whether the intercept b of the linear fitting equation meets the effective condition of the calibration data, if not, performing calibration data acquisition on the calibration bolt again, and updating the calibration data until the intercept b of the linear fitting equation meets the effective condition of the calibration data;
s7-3: if the intercept b meets the effective condition of the calibration data, the coefficient of the bolt pretension force is A ═ k;
preferably, the step S1 further includes the following steps:
preprocessing the end face of the calibration bolt, and arranging a piezoelectric sensor on the end face of the calibration bolt; the piezoelectric sensor has an ultrasonic self-generating and self-receiving mode and is used for ultrasonic measurement of the calibration bolt.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps before step S8:
preprocessing the end face of the bolt to be detected, and arranging a piezoelectric sensor on the end face of the bolt to be detected; the piezoelectric sensor has an ultrasonic self-transmitting and self-receiving mode and is used for ultrasonic measurement of the bolt to be measured.
Further, the end face of the calibration bolt is preprocessed, and a piezoelectric sensor is arranged on the end face of the calibration bolt, and the specific operation includes:
polishing the end face of the calibration bolt, and bonding a piezoelectric sensor on the polished end face; the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric wafer 2.
Further, to the terminal surface of the bolt that awaits measuring carries out the preliminary treatment, and be in the terminal surface of the bolt that awaits measuring sets up piezoelectric sensor, and concrete operation includes:
polishing the end face of the bolt to be detected, and bonding a piezoelectric sensor on the polished end face; the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric wafer 2.
Preferably, the piezoelectric wafer 2 is a circular piezoelectric wafer and is concentric with the end face of the calibration bolt or concentric with the end face of the bolt to be tested.
Preferably, the polished end face satisfies a surface roughness of less than 3.2 μm.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the method is used for measuring the pretightening force of the stainless steel bolt with the diameter of 20mm, and the method is specifically described according to the following steps:
s1: selecting any stainless steel bolt with the same specification and batch as the bolt to be detected and the diameter of 20mm as a calibration bolt, exciting the piezoelectric wafer 2 to generate ultrasonic waves in a self-generating and self-receiving mode under a zero-stress state, and acquiring ultrasonic signals to obtain a reference waveform w of the calibration bolt0。
The step S1 further includes the steps of: the end face of the calibration bolt is polished to meet the requirement that the surface roughness is less than 3.2 mu m, the polished end face is bonded with the piezoelectric wafer 2 by using thread fastening glue, and meanwhile, the end faces of the piezoelectric wafer 2 and the bolt 1 are concentric, and the structure of the calibration bolt is shown in figure 2.
S2: performing calibration test on the calibration bolt to obtain calibration data sigmaiAnd wiWhere σ isiIndicating the magnitude of the pretension, wiIndicating the ultrasonic waveform in the corresponding pre-tightening force state. The specific operation comprises the following steps:
s2-1: and determining the clamping length of the calibration bolt according to the actual fastening condition, and clamping the calibration bolt on a drawing machine.
S2-2: in the elastic stage of the calibration bolt, applying different pretightening forces sigma to the calibration bolt by using a stretcheriWherein i is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
S2-3: acquiring ultrasonic signals under corresponding pretightening force to obtain a calibration waveform wi。
S3: to w0Performing fast Fourier transform to obtain reference waveform frequency domain data FFT (w)0) And find FFT (w)0) Conjugation yields FFT (w)0)*。
S4: to wiPerforming fast Fourier transform to obtain a calibration waveform frequency domain array FFT (wi)。
S5: FFT (w)0) And FFT (w)0)*Element multiplication is carried out to obtain FFT (R (w)0，wi) And FFT (R (w)) at data according to interpolation factor M-200，wi) Tail-compensated 19 times zero to obtain data set FFT (R)M(w0，wi))。
S6: FFT (R) on the data setM(w0，wi) ) inverse Fourier transform to obtain cross-correlation array RM(w0，wi) Looking up RM(w0，wi) The maximum value element corresponds to the position maxPos, and w is obtained according to a time delay estimation formula delta T ═ maxPos delta T/M0，wiTime delay Δ t of waveform therebetweeniWhere Δ T is the hardware sampling time interval of 5ns, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Pretightening force-time delay data
| Ultrasound time delay (ns) | 0 | 24.2 | 51.2 | 75.4 | 101.2 | 125.2 |
| Stress (MPa) | 0 | 29.1 | 61.5 | 90.5 | 121.5 | 150.3 |
S7: fitting a bolt pretightening force formula by using the calibration data by using a least square method to obtain a bolt pretightening force coefficient A;
s7-1: will calibrate Δ t in the dataiAs an argument, σiAs a dependent variable, linear fitting was performed to obtain a linear fitting equation σ of 1.2003 Δ t + 0.0248.
S7-2: the intercept b of the linear fitting equation is 0.0248, which meets the valid condition of the calibration data (i.e. | b ≦ 10 MPa).
S7-3: the pre-tightening force coefficient of the bolt is A which is 1.2003;
s8: measuring the bolt to be measured through ultrasonic waves to obtain a measured waveform wtest(ii) a Specifically, the clamping length of the bolt to be measured is determined according to the actual fastening condition, the bolt to be measured is clamped on a stretching machine, the bolt to be measured is stretched to 120MPa through the stretching machine, the piezoelectric wafer 2 is excited in a self-transmitting and self-receiving mode to generate ultrasonic waves, and ultrasonic signals are collected to obtain a measurement waveform w related to the bolt to be measuredtest。
Before step S8, the method further includes the steps of: the end face of the bolt to be tested is polished to meet the requirement that the surface roughness is less than 3.2 mu m, the piezoelectric wafer 2 is bonded on the polished end face by using thread fastening glue, and meanwhile, the end faces of the piezoelectric wafer 2 and the bolt 1 are concentric, and the structure of the bolt is shown in figure 2.
S9: repeating the steps S4-S7 to obtain a measured waveform wtestAnd the reference waveform w0Ultrasonic time delay Δ t therebetweentestAnd substituting the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient A obtained by calculation in S7 into a bolt pre-tightening force formula to obtain the pre-tightening force of the bolt to be measured, and counting the pre-tightening force calculation time, wherein the result is shown in the column of 'the technical scheme' in Table 3.
TABLE 3 comparative table of measurement results
| Prior art solutions | The technical scheme | |
| Calculating speed | 750.51ms | 98.52ms |
| Pretightening force estimation value | 118.5 | 117.8 |
| Preload measurement error (%) | 1.25 | 1.83 |
As can be seen from table 3: the existing ultrasonic bolt pretightening force measurement technology has the hardware sampling rate of only 200MHz due to hardware limitation, a three-spline interpolation algorithm is usually adopted for improving the pretightening force resolution, but the calculation complexity of the interpolation algorithm is about O (N ^2), when the data point number N is large, the calculation time is raised in a quadratic way, the calculation amount is huge, and the calculation speed is about 750ms, so that the real-time requirement cannot be met. In the technical scheme of the invention, the time domain interpolation idea in the prior art is changed, and the zero padding operation of the frequency domain is carried out, so that the method has the characteristic of high calculation speed, and the calculation speed is only 98 ms; by adopting the technical scheme of the invention to measure the pretightening force of the bolt, the measuring speed of the pretightening force of the bolt can be effectively improved.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting any bolts with the same specification and the same batch of bolts to be measured as calibration bolts, and measuring the calibration bolts through ultrasonic waves under the zero-stress state to obtain a reference waveform w0；
S2: performing calibration test on the calibration bolt to obtain calibration data sigmaiAnd wiWhere σ isiIndicating the magnitude of the pretension, wiRepresenting ultrasonic waveforms in corresponding pretightening force states;
s3: to w0Performing fast Fourier transform to obtain reference waveform frequency domain data FFT (w)0) And find FFT (w)0) Conjugation yields FFT (w)0)*；
S4: to wiPerforming fast Fourier transform to obtain a calibration waveform frequency domain array FFT (wi)；
S5: FFT (w)0) And FFT(w0)*Element multiplication is carried out to obtain FFT (R (w)0，wi) And FFT (R (w)) is performed on the data according to the interpolation multiple M0，wi) Zero-1 times of the tail part to obtain a data set FFT (R)M(w0，wi))；
S6: FFT (R) on the data setM(w0，wi) ) inverse Fourier transform to obtain cross-correlation array RM(w0，wi) Looking up RM(w0，wi) The maximum value element corresponds to the position maxPos, and w is obtained according to a time delay estimation formula delta T ═ maxPos delta T/M0，wiTime delay Δ t of waveform therebetweeniWherein Δ T is a hardware sampling time interval;
s7: fitting a bolt pretightening force formula by using the calibration data by using a least square method to obtain a bolt pretightening force coefficient A;
s8: measuring the bolt to be measured through ultrasonic waves to obtain a measured waveform wtest；
S9: repeating the steps S4-S7 to obtain a measured waveform wtestAnd the reference waveform w0Ultrasonic time delay deltar therebetweentestAnd substituting the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient A obtained by calculation in the S7 into a bolt pre-tightening force formula to obtain the pre-tightening force of the bolt to be tested.
2. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretightening force according to claim 1, characterized in that: the expression of the bolt pretightening force formula is as follows:
σ＝A·Δt
in the formula, A is the bolt pre-tightening force coefficient, sigma is the bolt pre-tightening force, and delta t is the ultrasonic time delay.
3. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretightening force according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation steps of step S2 include:
s2-1: determining the clamping length of the calibration bolt according to the actual fastening condition, and clamping the calibration bolt on a stretcher;
s2-2: in the above-mentionedIn the elastic stage of the calibration bolt, a stretcher is utilized to apply different pretightening forces sigma to the calibration boltiWhere i is 1, 2, …, n (n ≧ 5), n denoting the number of different stress states applied by the stretcher;
s2-3: acquiring ultrasonic signals under corresponding pretightening force to obtain a calibration waveform wi。
4. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretightening force according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation steps of step S7 include:
s7-1: will calibrate Δ t in the dataiAs an argument, σiPerforming linear fitting to obtain a linear fitting equation sigma k · Δ t + b as a dependent variable;
s7-2: judging whether the intercept b of the linear fitting equation meets the effective condition of the calibration data, if not, performing calibration data acquisition on the calibration bolt again, and updating the calibration data until the intercept b of the linear fitting equation meets the effective condition of the calibration data;
s7-3: and if the intercept b meets the effective condition of the calibration data, the bolt pretension coefficient is A-k.
5. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretightening force according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 further includes the steps of:
preprocessing the end face of the calibration bolt, and arranging a piezoelectric sensor on the end face of the calibration bolt; the piezoelectric sensor has an ultrasonic self-generating and self-receiving mode and is used for ultrasonic measurement of the calibration bolt.
6. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretightening force according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method further comprises the following steps before the step S8:
preprocessing the end face of the bolt to be detected, and arranging a piezoelectric sensor on the end face of the bolt to be detected; the piezoelectric sensor has an ultrasonic self-transmitting and self-receiving mode and is used for ultrasonic measurement of the bolt to be measured.
7. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretension force according to claim 5, characterized in that: the end face of the calibration bolt is preprocessed, a piezoelectric sensor is arranged on the end face of the calibration bolt, and the specific operation comprises the following steps:
polishing the end face of the calibration bolt, and bonding a piezoelectric sensor on the polished end face; the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric wafer (2).
8. The ultrasonic real-time estimation method of bolt pretension force according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end face of the bolt to be detected is preprocessed, a piezoelectric sensor is arranged on the end face of the bolt to be detected, and the concrete operation comprises the following steps:
polishing the end face of the bolt to be detected, and bonding a piezoelectric sensor on the polished end face; the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric wafer (2).
9. The real-time estimation method of ultrasonic bolt pretension according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the piezoelectric wafer (2) is a circular piezoelectric wafer and is concentric with the end face of the calibration bolt or concentric with the end face of the bolt to be tested.
10. The real-time estimation method of ultrasonic bolt pretension according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the polished end face satisfies that the surface roughness is less than 3.2 mu m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110420543.9A CN113218560B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110420543.9A CN113218560B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113218560A true CN113218560A (en) | 2021-08-06 |
| CN113218560B CN113218560B (en) | 2022-05-17 |
Family
ID=77087875
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110420543.9A Active CN113218560B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113218560B (en) |
Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708102A1 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-01-27 | Centre Techn Ind Mecanique | Workpiece tightening control device by ultrasound and signal sampling. |
| JPH07255721A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-10-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Ultrasonic diagnostic device |
| JPH08322836A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-10 | Hitachi Medical Corp | Ultrasonic diagnostic device |
| US20060137463A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Sayed Nassar | Ultrasonic control of bolt tightening |
| CN101644773A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-02-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Real-time frequency domain super-resolution direction estimation method and device |
| CN102608602A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ultralow sidelobe synthetic aperture radar imaging method based on complete complementary sequence |
| CN104605888A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-13 | 飞依诺科技(苏州)有限公司 | Ultrasonic signal time delay estimation method and system |
| CN107105497A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-29 | 重庆重邮汇测通信技术有限公司 | Master sync signal detection method in a kind of LTE system |
| CN108387338A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of bolt pretightening real time high precision detection method and system based on piezoelectric supersonic chip |
| CN108896230A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-11-27 | 北京理工大学 | It is a kind of that method is determined based on the bolt clipping forcee ultrasound detection of finite element and crucial detection parameters |
| CN109668672A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-23 | 中国大唐集团新能源科学技术研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic bolt pre-tightens force measuring method |
| CN110501423A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-26 | 重庆大学 | A kind of high-resolution minimum variance ultrasonic imaging method based on frequency domain segmentation |
| CN110941980A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-03-31 | 上海师范大学 | Multipath time delay estimation method and device based on compressed sensing in dense environment |
| JP6773878B1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-10-21 | 中日本ハイウェイ・エンジニアリング東京株式会社 | Concrete structure internal condition inspection method and system used for that method |
| CN111968170A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 广东工业大学 | Online binocular vision distance measurement method based on cross-correlation time delay estimation |
| CN112033597A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-04 | 苏州博昇科技有限公司 | High-strength bolt axial force ultrasonic double-wave rapid calibration and detection method |
| CN112179553A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-05 | 西南交通大学 | Method for ultrasonically and synchronously measuring axial force and shearing force of bolt |
| CN112461429A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-09 | 西南交通大学 | Ultrasonic pretightening force measurement method for low-elasticity-modulus material bolt |
| US20210084424A1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-18 | Gaudio Lab, Inc. | Method for generating binaural signals from stereo signals using upmixing binauralization, and apparatus therefor |
-
2021
- 2021-04-19 CN CN202110420543.9A patent/CN113218560B/en active Active
Patent Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708102A1 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-01-27 | Centre Techn Ind Mecanique | Workpiece tightening control device by ultrasound and signal sampling. |
| JPH07255721A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-10-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Ultrasonic diagnostic device |
| JPH08322836A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-10 | Hitachi Medical Corp | Ultrasonic diagnostic device |
| US20060137463A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Sayed Nassar | Ultrasonic control of bolt tightening |
| CN101644773A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-02-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Real-time frequency domain super-resolution direction estimation method and device |
| CN102608602A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ultralow sidelobe synthetic aperture radar imaging method based on complete complementary sequence |
| CN104605888A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-13 | 飞依诺科技(苏州)有限公司 | Ultrasonic signal time delay estimation method and system |
| CN107105497A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-29 | 重庆重邮汇测通信技术有限公司 | Master sync signal detection method in a kind of LTE system |
| CN108387338A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of bolt pretightening real time high precision detection method and system based on piezoelectric supersonic chip |
| CN108896230A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-11-27 | 北京理工大学 | It is a kind of that method is determined based on the bolt clipping forcee ultrasound detection of finite element and crucial detection parameters |
| CN109668672A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-23 | 中国大唐集团新能源科学技术研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic bolt pre-tightens force measuring method |
| CN110941980A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-03-31 | 上海师范大学 | Multipath time delay estimation method and device based on compressed sensing in dense environment |
| CN110501423A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-26 | 重庆大学 | A kind of high-resolution minimum variance ultrasonic imaging method based on frequency domain segmentation |
| US20210084424A1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-18 | Gaudio Lab, Inc. | Method for generating binaural signals from stereo signals using upmixing binauralization, and apparatus therefor |
| JP6773878B1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-10-21 | 中日本ハイウェイ・エンジニアリング東京株式会社 | Concrete structure internal condition inspection method and system used for that method |
| CN112033597A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-04 | 苏州博昇科技有限公司 | High-strength bolt axial force ultrasonic double-wave rapid calibration and detection method |
| CN111968170A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 广东工业大学 | Online binocular vision distance measurement method based on cross-correlation time delay estimation |
| CN112179553A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-05 | 西南交通大学 | Method for ultrasonically and synchronously measuring axial force and shearing force of bolt |
| CN112461429A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-09 | 西南交通大学 | Ultrasonic pretightening force measurement method for low-elasticity-modulus material bolt |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| JOHAN E. CARLSON 等: "Measurement of the clamping force applied by load-bearing bolts using a combination of compression and shear ultrasonic waves", 《 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS)》 * |
| KIM N 等: "Measurement of axial stress using mode-converted ultrasound", 《NDT & E INTERNATIONAL》 * |
| 方汉方 等: "超声波传输时间的高精度测量", 《信号处理》 * |
| 朱士明: "声时差法测定螺栓的预紧应力", 《声学技术》 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113218560B (en) | 2022-05-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108387338B (en) | Real-time high-precision detection method and system for bolt pretightening force based on piezoelectric ultrasonic wafer | |
| CN112461429B (en) | Ultrasonic pretightening force measurement method for low-elasticity-modulus material bolt | |
| CN108896230B (en) | Bolt fastening force ultrasonic detection and key detection parameter determination method based on finite element | |
| CN103148815B (en) | Based on the thickness of thin layer supersonic detection method of sound pressure reflection coefficient autocorrelation function | |
| CN109959477A (en) | A kind of GIS disc insulator epoxy test block internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method and system | |
| CN114487109B (en) | Non-baseline data stress online monitoring method, system, equipment and medium based on single-mode multi-frequency signal fusion | |
| CN111307357A (en) | Differential method-based ultrasonic detection method for bolt fastening axial force | |
| CN112179553B (en) | Method for ultrasonically and synchronously measuring axial force and shearing force of bolt | |
| CN111442977B (en) | Method for determining maximum stress of circular film under action of transversely uniformly distributed load | |
| CN107192492B (en) | A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method based on improvement time reversal | |
| CN107167273B (en) | High-strength bolt connecting node plate compaction degree detection method based on ultrasonic echo | |
| CN111442984B (en) | Method for determining maximum stress of circular film under transversely uniform load | |
| CN111337171A (en) | Acoustic time difference measuring method applied to critical refraction longitudinal wave stress detection | |
| CN111442982A (en) | Method for determining maximum stress of circular film under uniformly distributed load | |
| CN101949894A (en) | Method for detecting interface contact strength by double frequency ultrasound | |
| CN110646119B (en) | Method for measuring surface stress tensor of rolled metal material by ultrasonic wave | |
| CN111442985A (en) | Method for determining maximum deflection of circular film under transversely uniformly distributed load | |
| CN114994175A (en) | Space coupling ultrasonic stress detection device and method for modal decomposition double-spectrum analysis | |
| CN107121335A (en) | A kind of dynamic indentation test method of unicast guide rod material | |
| CN113218560B (en) | Ultrasonic real-time estimation method for bolt pretightening force | |
| CN103616436B (en) | A kind of high-precision ultrasound detection method of contact stiffness | |
| CN111141206A (en) | Strain gauge dynamic characteristic detection device and test method thereof | |
| CN113624395A (en) | Bolt axial force detection coefficient calibration method based on ultrasound | |
| CN109738354B (en) | Corrosion on-line monitoring device | |
| CN111474039A (en) | Method for determining maximum deflection of prestressed circular film under action of uniformly distributed load |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |