CN107192492B - A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method based on improvement time reversal - Google Patents
A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method based on improvement time reversal Download PDFInfo
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- CN107192492B CN107192492B CN201710260725.8A CN201710260725A CN107192492B CN 107192492 B CN107192492 B CN 107192492B CN 201710260725 A CN201710260725 A CN 201710260725A CN 107192492 B CN107192492 B CN 107192492B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method for improving time reversal, improve time reversal, bob-weight emits signal when using unique standard in monitoring process, make it possible comparison to signal phase, and then improves the monitoring range to tools for bolts ' pretension torque and accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural health monitoring technologies, and in particular to a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque monitoring based on supersonic guide-wave
Method.
Background technique
It is bolted and is widely present in machinery, building, the energy and Aerospace Engineering field.For the peace for ensuring engineering structure
Complete to be on active service, it is an important prerequisite that the moment, which guarantees that bolt is in normal operating conditions,.However, the external mechanical ring such as vibration, impact
Bolt stress relaxation during border and long service all may cause the decline of tools for bolts ' pretension torque, connection loosens, serious prestige
Coerce structure safety.Currently, can be realized by conventional lossless detection technique in engineering to the detection of tools for bolts ' pretension torque, such as ultrasonic body
Wave method.However, non-destructive testing technology needs large scale equipment to support, has the shortcomings that unsuitable real time on-line monitoring.It can also be with
Pressure sensor is installed on bolt to measure Bolt Torque.And pressure sensor is installed on each bolt, work as number of bolts
Huge cost problem will be brought when huge, and for aerospace vehicle, added by numerous sensors and cable bring
Quality problems are also insufferable.
To implement to monitor on-line to bolt looseness, scholar is proposed based on vibration-testing, based on impedance and based on super at present
The structure health monitoring method of guided Waves etc..Structural health monitoring technology reduces cumbersome compared to conventional lossless detection method
Detecting step, and can be suitable for real-time online monitoring scheme.However, the method based on vibration-testing can only be identified such as spiral shell
Bolt, which falls off, waits macrolesions, does not have the ability of quantitative judge tools for bolts ' pretension torque；And the method based on impedance is needed using expensive
High-precision impedance analyzer, and its monitoring range is limited only to lesser region around probe.For tools for bolts ' pretension torque
Monitoring problem, the method based on supersonic guide-wave have unique advantage: required piezoelectric transducer can emit and connect simultaneously
Ultrasonic guided wave signals are received, while supersonic guide-wave can propagate larger distance in thin-wall construction, resolution ratio is higher, and not by week
The influence of collarette border low-frequency vibration.
But due to the frequency dispersion of guided wave, the influence of multi-modal and boundary reflection, so as to the analysis of guided wave compared to bulk wave
For it is more complicated and difficult.Therefore scholar proposes time reversal to handle guided wave signals.Time reversal can
To compensate due to frequency dispersion, multipath, the multi-modal interference to response signal, when the information of bolt looseness being enable to embody a concentrated reflection of
In anti-focus wave packet.This makes the supersonic guide-wave method based on time reversal have higher monitoring accuracy, and having can
The advantage applied in complicated bolt fastening structure.
According to being disclosed document ([1] Tao W, Shaopeng L, Junhua S, et al.Health monitoring
of bolted joints using the time reversal method and piezoelectric transducers
[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2016,25(2):025010.[2]Parvasi S M,Ho S C M,Kong
Q,et al.Real time bolt preload monitoring using piezoceramic transducers and
time reversal technique—a numerical study with experimental verification[J]
.Smart Materials and Structures, 2016,25 (8): 085015.), currently based on the guided wave side of time reversal
The characteristic parameter for the characterization bolt looseness that method uses is also relatively simple, that is, use only based on when anti-focus wave packet amplitude feature
Parameter.The shortcomings that characteristic parameter based on amplitude, is mainly reflected in the saturated phenomenon of the characteristic parameter under high pretightening force square.This leads
Cause under high pretightening force square, characteristic parameter can not react pretightning force away from situation of change.This disadvantage seriously limits guided wave side
Monitoring range of the method to tools for bolts ' pretension torque.
In fact, the variation of tools for bolts ' pretension torque other than the amplitude that will affect guided wave signals, also will affect the phase of signal
Position.However traditional time reversal due to monitoring every time when reversely emit when bob-weight transmitting signal (the time
Reversed reemitting signal) it is different from, therefore, it is difficult to the phase changes of comparison signal.The present invention is directed to this
Problem improves time reversal, and bob-weight emits signal when using unique standard in monitoring process, so as to signal phase
The comparison of position is possibly realized, and then improves the monitoring range to tools for bolts ' pretension torque and accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems to be solved
In view of the above-mentioned problems, a kind of based on the tools for bolts ' pretension torque for improving time reversal it is an object of the invention to propose
Supersonic guide-wave monitoring method, the amplitude and phase of anti-reconstruction signal, improve to tools for bolts ' pretension torque when this method comprehensively considers
Monitoring range and accuracy.
Technical solution
A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method based on improvement time reversal, it is characterised in that step is such as
Under:
Step 1: reference database is established offline:
Step 1.1: gluing two panels piezoelectric ceramics PZT A and PZT the B element in connection structure is respectively at bolt to be measured
The dominant shape of two sides, bolt-center and two panels PZT element is changed direction collinearly；
Step 1.2: bolt to be measured is tightened to the specified pre-fastening moment of bolt using force moment spanner with digital display；
Step 1.3: a Hanning window being exported by arbitrary waveform generator and modulates sinusoidal impulse signal, centre frequency is according to even
The frequency thickness product selection of binding structure, generally 100~300kHz；Hanning window modulates sinusoidal impulse signal after power amplifier amplifies
The PZT A element electrode both ends as driver are acted on, the amplified signal pulse peak-to-peak value of the power amplifier is
50~100V；
Step 1.4: when bolt is in specified torque, acquiring the voltage of the PZT B element two end electrodes as sensor
Signal carries out high-pass filtering to voltage responsive signal, and multi collect is averaged, and obtains a filtered average response letter
Number；
Step 1.5: obtained average response signal being overturn in time domain, is then stored in signal generator, is made
For when bob-weight emit signal, be denoted as Vr；
Step 1.6: by VrPZT B is motivated as pumping signal, after backpropagation, acquires PZT A electrode both ends
Response signal；The maximum amplitude of anti-focus wave packet, is denoted as A when obtaining in response signal0, and when use cross zero detecting method calculating
The arrival time of anti-focus wave packet, it is denoted as T0；
Step 1.7: thorough loose bolts, then uniform design several be less than nominal torque value tools for bolts ' pretension torque；
For each tools for bolts ' pretension torque value, repeat step 1.6n times, obtain the n group tools for bolts ' pretension torque value it is corresponding when anti-focus wave
The maximum amplitude A of packetiWith arrival time Ti；Normalized characteristic parameter TIAAnd TIt:
TIt=Ti-To
Then, the mean value and variance of the n group standardized feature parameter measured under each tools for bolts ' pretension torque value are successively calculated,
According to mean value and variance, it is nonoverlapping with reference to operating condition to mark off 95% confidence interval, obtains by pre-fastening moment with reference to operating condition and spy
Levy the reference database of parameter confidence interval composition；
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension torque:
Waveform generator is repeated at set time intervals by VrIt is exported with impulse form, then monitors the both ends PZT A
The voltage signal of electrode；Calculate characteristic parameter TIA' and TIt′；By obtained characteristic parameter compared with reference database, spiral shell is obtained
The estimated value of bolt pre-fastening moment.
Beneficial effect
A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method based on improvement time reversal proposed by the present invention, according to
The embodiment of the present invention, should be based on the method for the active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment for improving time reversal method
It can achieve expected purpose.It is compared with the prior art, the monitoring scheme of negative side's method turns round bolt when the present invention is than based on tradition
Away from having bigger monitoring range, and detection accuracy is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: tools for bolts ' pretension torque monitors system；
Fig. 2: tools for bolts ' pretension torque monitors systematic survey process；
Fig. 3: the test specimen structure size and PZT element position of example；
Fig. 4: each excitation and the modulation sinusoidal impulse excitation of response signal (a) 5 period Hanning window；(b) in modulation sinusoidal impulse
Response signal under excitation；(c) bob-weight emits signal V when the standard obtained after time reversalr；(d) in VrResponse letter under excitation
Number；
Fig. 5: the characteristic parameter TI of exampleAStatistical result and reference pretightning force operating condition under each pre-fastening moment operating condition are really
It is fixed；
Fig. 6: the characteristic parameter TI of exampletStatistical result and reference pretightning force operating condition under each pre-fastening moment operating condition are really
It is fixed；
Fig. 7: the reference pretightning force operating condition of example and corresponding characteristic parameter TIARange (reference database)；
Fig. 8: the reference pretightning force operating condition of example and corresponding characteristic parameter TItRange (reference database).
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with embodiment, attached drawing, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Fig. 2, method includes two large divisions:
Step 1: reference database is established offline:
Step 1.1: 3MDP460 industry glue two panels PZT element is used in connection structure, respectively as driver and biography
Fig. 3 is seen in sensor, position；The size of PZT is 10mm × 8mm × 1mm, and model P5H, manufacturer is the macro several electronics in Baoding
Equipment Co., Ltd.Wherein two panels PZT element is respectively at bolt two sides to be measured, respectively away from bolt-center 134mm and 30mm, spiral shell
The dominant shape of bolt center and two PZT elements is changed direction collinearly.3MDP460 industrial glue glue-line is uniform and thin, and bondline thickness is
0.04-0.06mm, and solidify two hours at a temperature of 50 DEG C~60 DEG C.
Step 1.2: bolt to be measured is screwed to by specified torque using force moment spanner with digital display, the present embodiment uses M6 bolt,
Specified torque is set to 10Nm.
Step 1.3: as shown in Figure 1, the PZT A as driver is sequentially connected power amplifier and waveform generator；Make
Data acquisition equipment and computer are sequentially connected for the PZT B of sensor.
Step 1.4: the sinusoidal signal that 5 periods modulated through Hanning window, sinusoidal signal center frequency are stored in waveform generator
Rate is 100kHz；Waveform generator exports the sinusoidal signal of storage according to pulse form, and output signal is through power amplifier
The PZT A electrode both ends as driver are applied to after amplification, the amplified signal pulse peak-to-peak value of power amplifier is 50V.
Step 1.5: acquiring the voltage signal of the PZT B two end electrodes as sensor, and collected signal is carried out
High-pass filtering, the cutoff frequency of high-pass filtering are not less than 1.5 times of the centre frequency in step 1.4；Repeatedly measurement is averaged,
Filtered response signal is obtained, as shown in Fig. 4 (b).
Step 1.6: response signal will be obtained and carry out time reversal, as shown in Fig. 4 (c), bob-weight transmitting letter when as standard
Number Vr, it is stored in waveform generator.
Step 1.7: by VrIt is motivated again at PZT B, after backpropagation, acquires the response signal at PZT A.Response letter
Anti- focus wave packet when number including one, as shown in Fig. 4 (d).The maximum amplitude of anti-focus wave packet, is denoted as when obtaining in response signal
A0, and when being calculated using cross zero detecting method (zero-crossing method) anti-focus wave packet arrival time, be denoted as T0.Meter
Calculate standardized feature parameter TIAAnd TIt:
TIt=Ti-To
Step 1.8: by the thorough loose bolts of spanner, then setting 1Nm~10Nm totally 10 equally distributed torsions
Away from operating condition；For each tools for bolts ' pretension torque value, step 1.7 is repeated, the corresponding characteristic parameter of tools for bolts ' pretension torque value is obtained
TIAAnd TIt；Establish the reference database being made of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter.In the present embodiment, for each tools for bolts ' pretension
Moment values, repeat step 1.7 five times, calculate the corresponding characteristic parameter average value of tools for bolts ' pretension torque value and variance, as Fig. 5 with
Shown in Fig. 6.According to experimental result, reference database sets 10Nm, 7.26Nm, 5.08Nm, 3.15Nm and
Five Bolt Torque operating conditions of 1.25Nm, 95% confidence interval of each operating condition there is no overlapping, with reference to pre-fastening moment operating condition and
Its 95% fiducial interval range of characteristic parameter is as shown in Figures 7 and 8, and Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are reference database.
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension torque:
Waveform generator each second is by VrIt is primary with impulse form output, guarantee that last guided wave effectively declines in structure
Subtract, then monitors the voltage signal of PZT A two end electrodes, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered
Response signal；Anti- focus wave packet when interception calculates characteristic parameter TIAAnd TIt；By obtained characteristic parameter and reference database ratio
Compared with obtaining tools for bolts ' pretension torque value.
In the present embodiment, certain measures characteristic parameter TI twiceA=0.9806,8TIt=-0.8993 and TIA=0.30943,
TIt=-1.12452, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, then the pre-fastening moment estimated by query graph 7 and Fig. 8 be 7.26Nm and
1.25Nm, and actual torque spanner reading is 7Nm and 2Nm, estimated accuracy meets expection.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of based on the tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method for improving time reversal, it is characterised in that step is such as
Under:
Step 1: reference database is established offline:
Step 1.1: gluing two panels piezoelectric ceramics PZT A and PZT the B element in connection structure is respectively at bolt two to be measured
The dominant shape of side, bolt-center and two panels PZT element is changed direction collinearly；
Step 1.2: bolt to be measured is tightened to the specified pre-fastening moment of bolt using force moment spanner with digital display；
Step 1.3: a Hanning window being exported by arbitrary waveform generator and modulates sinusoidal impulse signal, centre frequency is tied according to connection
The frequency thickness product selection of structure；Hanning window modulation sinusoidal impulse signal acts on the PZT as driver after power amplifier amplifies
A element electrode both ends, the amplified signal pulse peak-to-peak value of the power amplifier are 50~100V；
Step 1.4: when bolt is in specified torque, the voltage signal of the PZT B element two end electrodes as sensor is acquired,
High-pass filtering is carried out to voltage responsive signal, and multi collect is averaged, and obtains a filtered average response signal；
Step 1.5: obtained average response signal is overturn in time domain, is then stored in signal generator, as when
Bob-weight emits signal, is denoted as Vr；
Step 1.6: by VrPZT B is motivated as pumping signal, after backpropagation, acquires the response at PZT A electrode both ends
Signal；The maximum amplitude of anti-focus wave packet, is denoted as A when obtaining in response signal0, and use cross zero detecting method is anti-when calculating to focus
The arrival time of wave packet, it is denoted as T0；
Step 1.7: thorough loose bolts, then uniform design several be less than nominal torque value tools for bolts ' pretension torque；For
Each tools for bolts ' pretension torque value repeats n times step 1.6, obtains anti-focus wave packet when the n group tools for bolts ' pretension torque is worth corresponding
Maximum amplitude AiWith arrival time Ti, i=1,2.., n；Normalized characteristic parameter TIAAnd TIt:
TIt=Ti-To
Then, the mean value and variance for successively calculating the n group standardized feature parameter measured under each tools for bolts ' pretension torque value, according to
Mean value and variance, it is nonoverlapping with reference to operating condition to mark off 95% confidence interval, obtains being joined by pre-fastening moment with reference to operating condition and feature
Measure the reference database of confidence interval composition；
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension torque:
Waveform generator is repeated at set time intervals by VrIt is exported with impulse form, then monitors PZT A two end electrodes
Voltage signal；Calculate characteristic parameter TIA' and TIt′；By obtained characteristic parameter compared with reference database, tools for bolts ' pretension is obtained
The estimated value of torque.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring side for improving time reversal
Method, it is characterised in that the centre frequency in step 1.3 is 100~300kHz.
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Families Citing this family (6)
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| CN107727750B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-11-22 | 西北工业大学 | Based on when surpass in reverse the aircraft thermal protection sheet bolts of guided Waves and loosen localization method |
| CN107588809B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-07-30 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of frictional high-strength bolts in rod piece connecting node fall off recognition methods |
| CN108775984B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-04-03 | 西北工业大学 | Baseliness time reversal guided wave bolt pretightening force monitoring method |
| JP2020020763A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Bolt axial force measuring device and bolt axial force measuring program |
| CN109820568B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-21 | 深圳市世格赛思医疗科技有限公司 | Pre-tightening force applying method, device and system of piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer |
| CN114459743B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-07-19 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Bolt abnormality detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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Effective date of registration: 20200624 Address after: 215400 No. 27 Zigang Road, New City of Science and Education, Taicang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Taicang triangle Research Institute of Northwest University of Technology Address before: 710072 Xi'an friendship West Road, Shaanxi, No. 127 Patentee before: Northwestern Polytechnical University |
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Correction item: Patentee Correct: Northwest Polytechnical University Taicang Yangtze River Delta Research Institute False: Northwest Polytechnical University Taicang Triangle Research Institute Number: 29-01 Volume: 36 |