CN113217937A - System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion - Google Patents

System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113217937A
CN113217937A CN202110655164.8A CN202110655164A CN113217937A CN 113217937 A CN113217937 A CN 113217937A CN 202110655164 A CN202110655164 A CN 202110655164A CN 113217937 A CN113217937 A CN 113217937A
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ammonia
coal
combustion
carbon dioxide
fired unit
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王志超
张喜来
姚伟
郑金
张向宇
周科
李宇航
黄钢英
李明皓
白永岗
鲁晓宇
司小飞
马百灵
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Publication of CN113217937A publication Critical patent/CN113217937A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/115646 priority patent/WO2022257282A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/002Gaseous fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/005Regulating fuel supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32Direct CO2 mitigation

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by utilizing ammonia combustion. According to the method, liquid ammonia is gasified into ammonia gas, the ammonia gas is sprayed into a boiler for combustion through a burner arranged in secondary air after pressure and flow regulation, so that coal powder is replaced in a certain proportion, and the carbon dioxide emission level of a coal-fired unit is reduced.

Description

System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal-fired power generation, and particularly relates to a system and a method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion.
Background
There are no more than two ways to reduce or reduce carbon dioxide for a coal burning unit: one is to capture carbon dioxide at the tail of a boiler, also called as CCUS, but although the technology is developed for many years, the capture cost is far beyond the range which can be borne by a thermal power generating unit, and the application of the technology is seriously influenced; the other is that the inlet end of the boiler is partially or completely combusted by carbon-free fuel, such as biomass, but the biomass is regional and seasonal, has higher cost and is not suitable for a coal-fired unit with high requirement on stable supply.
Both coal and natural gas produce a large amount of carbon dioxide during combustion, and domestic and foreign scholars propose a lot of alternative fuels, wherein hydrogen is favored by people due to the characteristics of no carbon emission, wide combustion limit and the like. However, hydrogen is extremely low in energy per volume when transported relative to conventional fuels, and is 4 times less than gasoline when stored in liquid form at-235 ℃. In addition, hydrogen has a complex safety problem in storage, transportation and use due to its low ignition energy and high flame propagation speed. Ammonia is also considered a promising clean energy carrier and storage medium. Similar to hydrogen, ammonia may be obtained from fossil fuels, biomass, or other renewable resources. Compared with hydrogen, the cost of unit stored energy of ammonia is lower, the volume energy density is higher, and the method is safer and more reliable.
TABLE 1 NH3And H2、CH4Physical and chemical properties
Figure BDA0003112387530000011
Figure BDA0003112387530000021
NH3、H2And CH4The physicochemical properties of typical fuels are shown in table 1. It can be seen that H2Liquefaction at ambient temperature (25 ℃ C.) requires 70MPa, while NH3Liquefaction at normal temperature only requires 1.03MPa, which makes H2The cost of compression, storage and transportation is far higher than that of NH3(ii) a H carried in unit2Mass calculation, NH3The half-year hydrogen storage cost is only 0.54$/kg H2And H is2The half-year hydrogen storage cost is as high as 14.95$/kg H2. Overall, the advantages of ammonia as a fuel can be summarized as:
(1) belongs to carbon-free fuel, has no greenhouse gas emission, and can be synthesized by a carbon-free method through renewable energy sources;
(2) the energy density is 18.8MJ/kg, and is equivalent to fossil fuel (the heat value of low-rank coal is about 16-20 MJ/kg, the heat value of natural gas is about 50MJ/kg, H2Calorific value 141 MJ/kg);
(3) the liquefaction pressure is only 1.03MPa, and the liquefaction is easy;
(4) about 1.8 million tons of NH per year3Is produced and transported, and therefore has a mature and reliable infrastructure for NH3Storage and transportation (including pipeline, road, rail anda ship).
Table 2 compares the total cost per calorific value of liquid ammonia and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) by calculating the mass calorific value of the fuel, the production cost, the transportation cost, and the carbon emission reduction profit. As can be seen from the table, when only the preparation cost is calculated, the total cost of the unit heat value of the liquefied natural gas is about 83.6 yuan/GJ, and the total cost of the unit heat value of the liquid ammonia is only 74.4 yuan/GJ, and from the comparison of the data set, when any transportation cost and carbon emission reduction benefit are not calculated, the price of the liquid ammonia as fuel is the lowest, and the cost of the unit heat value of the liquid ammonia of 1400 yuan/t is converted into the cost of the unit heat value of the gaseous natural gas of 2.67 yuan/m3Much lower than 3 yuan/m3. The liquid ammonia can also be transported by utilizing the existing natural gas pipeline, and the transportation cost is equivalent to that of LNG. With the counting of carbon emission reduction benefits, the use price of liquid ammonia is further reduced.
TABLE 2 cost calculation for liquid ammonia and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Figure BDA0003112387530000031
Note: (1) price of liquefied natural gas in table is 3 yuan/m of industrial gaseous natural gas3Calculating to obtain;
(2) carbon emission reduction benefit: the carbon value of the european union in 7 months in 2019 was 28 euro/ton.
In addition, ammonia gas can be prepared by coal, and can also be prepared by using electricity waste or trough electricity generated by part of renewable energy sources, and the electricity waste or trough electricity can be used for power generation or heat supply when the electricity is insufficient; synthesis of NH by electrochemical process instead of coal gasification and natural gas reforming3And also can realize NH3Zero carbon emissions over the full life cycle.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the system and the method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by utilizing ammonia combustion, liquid ammonia is gasified into ammonia gas, the ammonia gas is sprayed into a boiler for combustion through a burner arranged in secondary air after pressure and flow regulation, so that coal powder substitution in a certain proportion is realized, and the carbon dioxide emission level of the coal-fired unit is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides an utilize ammonia burning to reduce system that coal-fired unit carbon dioxide discharged, includes that liquid ammonia stores up the station, and the exit linkage in liquid ammonia stores up the station is to the import of vaporizing station, and the export of vaporizing station is connected to the combustor for the ammonia in the boiler overgrate air nozzle through the valves.
The invention is further improved in that the valve group comprises a flow regulating valve and a pressure regulating valve (4) which are connected in sequence.
A further improvement of the invention is that the coal-fired unit comprises a coal bunker, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a coal mill, the outlet of which is connected to the burner of the boiler.
The invention further improves the machine that the liquid ammonia storage station is provided with an interface for connecting and transporting liquid ammonia through a pipeline or a storage tank.
The invention further improves the method that the gasification station gasifies the liquid ammonia in a heating mode, and the heat source is low-pressure-level extraction steam, steam or hot flue gas of a unit boiler.
A further improvement of the invention is that the burner for ammonia is arranged in the secondary air nozzle of the boiler.
The invention further improves the method that the pressure and the flow of the ammonia gas are controlled and adjusted in real time according to the load of the coal-fired unit and the powder feeding amount regulation feedback of the unit, so that the feeding proportion of the ammonia gas is controlled within the range of 0-40%.
A method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion is based on the system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion, and comprises the following steps:
testing and detecting the calorific values of coal and ammonia gas for power, determining the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia according to the calorific value substitution proportion of ammonia of 0-40%, and ensuring that the operation and efficiency of a coal burner unit are not affected after ammonia gas is blended and combusted;
liquid ammonia stored in a liquid ammonia storage station is gasified into ammonia gas through a gasification station, then the flow of the ammonia gas is controlled through pressure regulation by a pressure regulating valve and flow control by a flow regulating valve, and then the ammonia gas is sprayed into a boiler hearth for combustion through a burner arranged in a secondary air nozzle of a boiler;
and adjusting feedback according to the load of the coal-fired unit and the powder feeding amount of the unit based on the determined actual blending combustion ratio of ammonia, and adjusting the flow of ammonia in real time.
The system and the method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion provided by the invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
1. determining the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia according to the heat value substitution proportion of 0-40% of ammonia, so that the operation and efficiency of the coal-fired unit are basically not affected after ammonia gas is blended and combusted;
2. by replacing 0-40% of pulverized coal, the emission of carbon dioxide of the unit can be effectively reduced by 0-35%.
In conclusion, the ammonia gas is used for replacing power coal in a certain proportion, so that the corresponding flexibility of the load of the coal-fired unit can be improved, the running efficiency of the coal-fired unit is not influenced, the emission level of carbon dioxide of the coal-fired unit can be obviously reduced, and the method has great significance for realizing carbon emission reduction of the coal-fired unit under the carbon peak carbon neutralization background.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from a coal-fired unit using ammonia combustion in accordance with the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-liquid ammonia storage station, 2-liquid ammonia gasification station, 3-pressure regulating valve, 4-flow regulating valve, 5-boiler, 6-coal bunker and 7-coal mill.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion comprises a liquid ammonia storage station 1, wherein an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage station 1 is connected to an inlet of a gasification station 2, and an outlet of the gasification station 2 is connected to a burner in a secondary air nozzle of a boiler through a valve bank. Wherein, the valves include flow control valve 3 and air-vent valve 4 that connect gradually. The coal-fired unit comprises a coal bunker 6, an outlet of the coal bunker 6 is connected to an inlet of a coal mill 7, and an outlet of the coal mill 7 is connected to a burner of the boiler. The gasification station 2 gasifies the liquid ammonia in a heating mode, and the heat source is low-pressure-level extraction steam, steam or hot flue gas of a unit boiler. And adjusting feedback according to the load of the coal-fired unit and the powder feeding amount of the unit, and controlling and adjusting the pressure and the flow of the ammonia gas in real time, so that the ammonia gas feeding proportion is controlled within the range of 0-40%.
The invention provides a method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by ammonia combustion, which comprises the following steps:
(1) testing and detecting the calorific values of coal and ammonia gas for power, determining the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia according to the calorific value substitution proportion of ammonia of 0-40%, and ensuring that the operation and efficiency of a coal burner unit are basically not influenced after ammonia gas is blended and combusted;
(2) a system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion comprises a liquid ammonia storage station 1, a liquid ammonia gasification station 2, a pressure regulating valve 4, a flow regulating valve 3 and the coal-fired unit; the coal-fired unit comprises a coal bunker 6, an outlet of the coal bunker 6 is connected to an inlet of a coal mill 7, and an outlet of the coal mill 7 is connected to a burner of the boiler;
(3) based on the step (2), the liquid ammonia stored in the liquid ammonia storage station is gasified into ammonia gas through the gasification station, then the flow is controlled through the pressure regulation valve and the flow regulating valve, and then the ammonia gas is sprayed into a boiler hearth through a burner arranged in a secondary air nozzle of the boiler for combustion;
(4) and (3) adjusting feedback according to the load of the coal-fired unit and the powder feeding amount of the unit based on the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia determined in the step (1), and adjusting the flow of ammonia in real time.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the reasonable ammonia combustion amount is determined according to the heat value substitution proportion, ammonia is sent to a burner arranged in a secondary air nozzle of a boiler through a pipeline to be combusted through liquid ammonia storage, gasification, pressure and flow regulation, the flow and the pressure of the ammonia are regulated in real time through unit load, powder feeding amount and other feedback, and the ammonia heat value substitution proportion is 0-40%, so that the coal powder combustion amount is reduced, and carbon dioxide emission is effectively reduced.
Examples
In this embodiment, a 300MW coal-fired unit is taken as an example, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) testing and detecting the calorific value of coal and ammonia gas for power, wherein the calorific value of the coal is 18.0MJ/kg, and the calorific value of the ammonia gas is 14.3MJ/m3According to the actual combustion condition of the unit, determining the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia to be 35% of the heat value substitution proportion;
(2) a system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by ammonia combustion is additionally arranged on the coal-fired unit, and comprises a liquid ammonia storage station, a liquid ammonia gasification station, an ammonia gas pressure regulating valve, an ammonia gas flow regulating valve and the like;
(3) the ammonia pressure is adjusted according to the natural gas pressure feedback, so that the ammonia can be fed into a natural gas pipeline and fully mixed;
(4) and (3) adjusting feedback according to the load of the coal-fired unit and the powder feeding amount of the unit based on the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia determined in the step (1), and adjusting the flow of ammonia in real time.
The consumption of the power generation coal is calculated according to 310g/kWh, the carbon dioxide emission factor of standard coal of 2.7716kg/kg and the electricity generation utilization hours of a coal-fired unit of 4500h, so that the emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced by about 40.6 ten thousand tons each year by adopting ammonia combustion, and the environmental benefit is very obvious.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an utilize ammonia combustion to reduce coal-fired unit carbon dioxide and discharge system which characterized in that, includes liquid ammonia storage station (1), the exit linkage of liquid ammonia storage station (1) to the import of vaporizing station (2), and the export of vaporizing station (2) is connected to the combustor for the ammonia in the boiler overgrate air nozzle through the valves.
2. The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve group comprises a flow regulating valve (3) and a pressure regulating valve (4) which are connected in sequence.
3. The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the coal-fired unit comprises a coal bunker (6), the outlet of the coal bunker (6) is connected to the inlet of a coal mill (7), and the outlet of the coal mill (7) is connected to the burner of the boiler.
4. The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by ammonia combustion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the liquid ammonia storage station (1) is provided with an interface for connecting liquid ammonia delivery through a pipeline or a storage tank.
5. The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by utilizing ammonia combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gasification station (2) gasifies liquid ammonia by heating, and the heat source is low-pressure stage extraction steam, steam or hot flue gas of a unit boiler.
6. The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by utilizing ammonia combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the burner for ammonia is arranged in a secondary air nozzle of the boiler.
7. The system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by utilizing ammonia combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein feedback is adjusted according to load of the coal-fired unit and powder feeding amount of the unit, and pressure and flow of ammonia gas are controlled and adjusted in real time, so that the feeding proportion of the ammonia gas is controlled within the range of 0-40%.
8. A method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of a coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion, which is based on the system for reducing carbon dioxide emission of the coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps:
testing and detecting the calorific values of coal and ammonia gas for power, determining the actual blending combustion proportion of ammonia according to the calorific value substitution proportion of ammonia of 0-40%, and ensuring that the operation and efficiency of a coal burner unit are not affected after ammonia gas is blended and combusted;
liquid ammonia stored in a liquid ammonia storage station (1) is gasified into ammonia gas through a gasification station (2), then the flow is regulated through a pressure regulating valve (4) and controlled through a flow regulating valve (3), and then the ammonia gas is sprayed into a boiler hearth through a burner arranged in a secondary air nozzle of a boiler for combustion;
and adjusting feedback according to the load of the coal-fired unit and the powder feeding amount of the unit based on the determined actual blending combustion ratio of ammonia, and adjusting the flow of ammonia in real time.
CN202110655164.8A 2021-06-11 2021-06-11 System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion Pending CN113217937A (en)

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CN113915607A (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-01-11 北京丰润铭科贸有限责任公司 Coal-fired boiler capable of fully combusting coal mixed with hydrogen
CN114471106A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-05-13 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 Ammonia coal mixed combustion system and method
CN115015464A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-09-06 天津大学 Testing device and testing method for combustion characteristics and combustion mode of ammonia-mixed fuel
WO2022257282A1 (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion

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WO2022257282A1 (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion
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CN115015464B (en) * 2022-05-30 2023-10-27 天津大学 Testing device and testing method for combustion characteristics and combustion modes of ammonia-mixed fuel

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Application publication date: 20210806