CN113217812A - Technology and system for restraining cold fog and saving energy for LNG (liquefied Natural gas) gasification station - Google Patents
Technology and system for restraining cold fog and saving energy for LNG (liquefied Natural gas) gasification station Download PDFInfo
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- CN113217812A CN113217812A CN202110707302.2A CN202110707302A CN113217812A CN 113217812 A CN113217812 A CN 113217812A CN 202110707302 A CN202110707302 A CN 202110707302A CN 113217812 A CN113217812 A CN 113217812A
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title abstract description 78
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000192 social effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/10—Arrangements for preventing freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
Abstract
The application provides a technology and a system for restraining cold fog and saving energy of an LNG (liquefied natural gas) gasification station, which are combined into a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption by configuring gasification devices with different forms. When LNG gasification air feed, preferentially select for use the lower gasification mode of energy consumption, monitor environment and operating data and feed back to control module through detection module, if control module judges can produce the cold fog, then switch to the higher gasification mode of energy consumption, the flow and the temperature monitoring through the export of natural gas outward transport pipeline are regulated and control the feedwater temperature of water bath formula vaporizer simultaneously. By the method, the influence of cold mist generated in the LNG gasification process on the surrounding environment can be avoided, and meanwhile, the energy consumption required by gasification can be reduced to the maximum extent, so that the purposes of inhibiting the generation of the cold mist and saving energy are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of natural gas supply, and particularly relates to a process and a system for suppressing cold fog and saving energy for an LNG (liquefied natural gas) gasification station.
Background
An LNG vaporizer is a place where a stored liquefied natural gas (abbreviated as LNG) is converted into a gaseous natural gas by a vaporizer and the gaseous natural gas is delivered to downstream users. In consideration of the factors such as cost, occupied area and the like, the LNG gasification station is generally designed and constructed by adopting an air-temperature type gasifier as a main LNG gasification device, and the air-temperature type gasifier has the principle that LNG is gasified by exchanging heat with the environment, so that moisture in the surrounding air is condensed in the operation process to generate cold mist, and the cold mist is easy to generate and gather under the conditions of high humidity and low temperature.
On one hand, the cold fog can affect the visual field of station operators, thereby affecting the production and operation safety; on the other hand, when the cold mist is accumulated in a large amount and spreads out, the surrounding environment is further affected, and adverse social effects are caused.
At present, there are many ways to LNG vaporizing station cold mist handles, and there are two kinds of thinking in general: one is to disperse and eliminate the generated cold fog through various devices, such as a fan, a silk screen and the like, the mode is convenient to install and flexible to use, but the defogging effect is greatly influenced by the operation condition and the external environment, and the reliability is insufficient; the other method is to control the heat exchange quantity with the environment in the gasification link so as to directly reduce the generation of cold mist, and if a full water bath type gasifier is adopted, the mode has good demisting effect and high reliability, but the operation energy consumption can be greatly increased.
Therefore, a solution for suppressing the cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizer is needed to minimize the energy consumption for operation without generating the cold fog.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a process for suppressing cold fog and saving energy for an LNG (liquefied natural gas) gasification station and a system for suppressing cold fog and saving energy for the LNG gasification station, so that the influence of a large amount of cold fog generated in the LNG gasification process on the surrounding environment can be avoided, and meanwhile, the energy consumption required by gasification is reduced to the maximum extent.
Scheme 1: a process for suppressing cold mist and saving energy for an LNG vaporizer, comprising the steps of:
s1, setting a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption;
s2, monitoring the operation data and the environment data of the LNG vaporizing station when the vaporizing mode is operated;
and S3, calculating and judging whether cold fog is generated or not according to data feedback, and if so, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with lower energy consumption to the gasification mode with higher energy consumption.
Further, in step S1, the plurality of gasification modes includes, from low to high, according to energy consumption: the system comprises an air-temperature type gasifier independent operation mode, a water bath type gasifier and air-temperature type reheater combined operation mode and a water bath type gasifier independent operation mode.
Furthermore, the process for suppressing cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizing station comprises an LNG storage tank, an air-temperature vaporizer, a water-bath vaporizer, an air-temperature recuperator and a natural gas external transmission pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in an independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier, the output end of the LNG storage tank is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature gasifier through a pipeline, and the output end of the air-temperature gasifier is connected with the natural gas external transmission pipeline through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in a combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air-temperature type reheater, the output end of the LNG storage tank is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier through a pipeline, the output end of the water bath type gasifier is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature type reheater, and the output end of the air-temperature type reheater is communicated with the natural gas external transportation pipeline through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier, the output end of the LNG storage tank is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier through a pipeline, and the output end of the water bath type gasifier is communicated with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline through a pipeline.
Further, step S3 specifically includes:
s301, receiving the operation data and the environment data monitored in the step S2;
s302, calculating the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange according to the acquired data;
and S303, judging whether the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature, if so, judging that cold fog is generated, and sending a signal to switch a gasification mode.
Further, the method also includes step S4: the flow and temperature detection is arranged on the natural gas output pipeline, the output flow and temperature of the natural gas are monitored, and the switching of the gasification mode is controlled and the water supply temperature of the hot water circulation system of the water bath type gasifier is adjusted through automatic control and matching.
Scheme 2: a system for suppressing cold mist and conserving energy for an LNG vaporizer, comprising:
the gasification module comprises a plurality of gasification devices with different forms and is arranged to form a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption;
a monitoring module for monitoring operational data and environmental data of the LNG vaporizer while the vaporization mode is operating;
and the control module is used for calculating and judging whether cold fog is generated according to the data acquired by the monitoring module, and if the cold fog is generated, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with lower energy consumption to the gasification mode with higher energy consumption.
Further, in the gasification module, the plurality of gasification modes comprise from low energy consumption to high energy consumption: the system comprises an air-temperature type gasifier independent operation mode, a water bath type gasifier and air-temperature type reheater combined operation mode and a water bath type gasifier independent operation mode.
Further, the system for suppressing cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizing station comprises an LNG storage tank, an air-temperature vaporizer, a water-bath vaporizer, an air-temperature recuperator and a natural gas external transmission pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in an independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier, the output end of the LNG storage tank is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature gasifier through a pipeline, and the output end of the air-temperature gasifier is connected with the natural gas external transmission pipeline through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in a combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air-temperature type reheater, the output end of the LNG storage tank is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier through a pipeline, the output end of the water bath type gasifier is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature type reheater, and the output end of the air-temperature type reheater is communicated with the natural gas external transportation pipeline through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier, the output end of the LNG storage tank is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier through a pipeline, and the output end of the water bath type gasifier is communicated with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline through a pipeline.
Further, the control module includes:
the receiving unit is used for receiving the operation data and the environment data monitored by the monitoring module;
the calculating unit is used for calculating the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange according to the received data;
and the judging unit is used for judging whether the dry bulb temperature of the air subjected to heat exchange is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature or not, if so, judging that cold mist is generated, and sending a signal to switch the gasification mode.
And the natural gas outward-conveying monitoring module is arranged on the natural gas outward-conveying pipeline and used for monitoring the output flow and the temperature of the natural gas, and controlling the switching of the gasification mode and adjusting the water supply temperature of the circulating hot water of the water bath type gasifier through automatic control and matching.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:
1. the application provides a be used for LNG vaporizing station to restrain cold fog and energy-conserving technology, earlier sets the gasification equipment of LNG vaporizing station to the gasification mode that a plurality of energy consumptions are different to preferentially select the gasification mode that the energy consumption is low, monitoring operation and environmental data simultaneously, judge whether can produce the cold fog according to calculating again, if judge can produce the cold fog, then switch over the gasification mode to the higher gasification mode of energy consumption by the lower gasification mode of energy consumption. By the method, the energy consumption required by gasification can be reduced to the maximum extent while the generation of cold mist is controlled, so that the aims of inhibiting the cold mist and saving energy are fulfilled.
2. The application provides a system for LNG vaporizing station restraines cold fog and energy-conservation, set the gasification equipment of LNG vaporizing station into the gasification mode that a plurality of energy consumptions are different in the gasification module, and preferentially select the gasification mode that the energy consumption is low, simultaneously through monitoring module monitoring operation data and environmental data, control module calculates according to the feedback data again and judges whether can produce the cold fog, if judge can produce the cold fog, then switch over the gasification mode to the gasification mode that the energy consumption is high by the gasification mode that the energy consumption is low with the gasification mode, can reduce the required energy consumption of gasification in order to reach and reduce cold fog to peripheral environmental impact and energy-conserving purpose in the time of control cold fog production through this mode furthest.
3. The application is provided with 3 kinds of gasification modes altogether, includes from low to high according to the energy consumption: the air-temperature gasifier independent operation mode, the water bath gasifier and air-temperature reheater combined operation mode and the water bath gasifier independent operation mode are adopted to realize gasification under the conditions that the air speed is high, the gasification quantity is small, the air moisture content is low and the like, which are not beneficial to generating cold mist, so that the purpose of saving energy is achieved; if the LNG vaporizer operates in the first mode to generate cold mist, the mode of jointly operating the water bath vaporizer and the air-temperature type reheater is switched, and at the moment, the LNG is vaporized to a certain temperature by the water bath vaporizer and then reheated by the air-temperature type vaporizer, so that the energy consumption of the water bath vaporizer can be reduced; if the operation in the second mode still produces cold fog, the mode is switched to adopt the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier, at the moment, the flow and the outlet temperature of the natural gas are detected and monitored through signals arranged on a natural gas external transmission pipeline, and the signals are fed back to the controller to adjust the water supply temperature of the circulating hot water of the water bath type gasifier, so that the energy consumption is controlled, and the waste is avoided.
4. According to the method and the system, the monitoring model can be established according to collected data such as the environmental temperature, the humidity, the pressure, the flow and the wind speed of the site and by combining local characteristics. After environmental data are collected, the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is calculated, whether the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is larger than or equal to the dew point temperature or not is judged, if yes, cold mist is judged to be generated, and the cold mist generation is restrained and the overall energy consumption is controlled by switching the gasification mode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for suppressing cold fog and saving energy for an LNG vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a process step S3 for suppressing cold fog and saving energy of an LNG vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a system for suppressing cold mist and conserving energy for an LNG vaporizer according to the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an LNG vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 4 and the embodiments.
Example 1: a process for suppressing cold mist and saving energy for an LNG vaporizer, comprising the steps of:
s1, setting a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption;
s2, monitoring the operation data and the environment data of the LNG vaporizing station when the vaporizing mode is operated;
and S3, calculating and judging whether cold fog is generated or not according to the data feedback, and if so, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with lower energy consumption to the gasification mode with higher energy consumption.
The method comprises the steps of firstly setting a gasification device of the LNG gasification station into a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption, preferentially selecting the gasification mode with low energy consumption, simultaneously monitoring operation data and environment data of the LNG gasification station, then calculating and judging whether cold fog can be generated according to the data, and if the cold fog can be generated, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with low energy consumption to the gasification mode with high energy consumption.
In step S1, the plurality of gasification modes include, from low to high, according to energy consumption: the air-temperature gasifier 2 is in an independent operation mode, the water bath gasifier 3 and the air-temperature reheater 4 are in a combined operation mode, and the water bath gasifier 3 is in an independent operation mode.
The process for inhibiting cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizing station comprises an LNG storage tank 1, an air-temperature vaporizer 2, a water-bath vaporizer 3, an air-temperature recuperator 4 and a natural gas external transmission pipeline 5;
when the LNG storage tank is in an independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier 2, the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature gasifier 2 through a pipeline, and the output end of the air-temperature gasifier 2 is connected with the natural gas external transmission pipeline 5 through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in a combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier 3 and the air-temperature type reheater 4, the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier 3 through a pipeline, the output end of the water bath type gasifier 3 is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature type reheater 4, and the output end of the air-temperature type reheater 4 is communicated with the natural gas external transmission pipeline 5 through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier 3, the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier 3 through a pipeline, and the output end of the water bath type gasifier 3 is communicated with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline 5 through a pipeline.
Step S3 specifically includes:
s301, receiving the operation data and the environment data monitored in the step S2;
s302, calculating the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange according to the acquired data;
and S303, judging whether the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature, if so, judging that cold fog is generated, and sending a signal to switch a gasification mode.
And S4, setting signal detection on the natural gas output pipeline, monitoring the flow and temperature of the natural gas output, and controlling the switching of the gasification mode and adjusting the water supply temperature of the circulating hot water of the water bath type gasifier through automatic control and coordination.
Example 2: a system for suppressing cold mist and conserving energy for an LNG vaporizer, comprising:
the gasification module 6 comprises a plurality of gasification devices with different forms and is configured into gasification modes with different energy consumption;
the monitoring module 7 is used for monitoring the operation data and the environmental data of the LNG vaporizing station when the vaporizing mode is operated;
the control module 8 is used for calculating and judging whether cold fog is generated according to the data acquired by the monitoring module 7, and if the cold fog is generated, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with lower energy consumption to the gasification mode with higher energy consumption.
The gasification module preferentially selects a low-energy-consumption gasification mode, then monitors operation data and environmental data through the monitoring module, the control module calculates and judges whether cold fog can be generated according to the monitoring data, if the cold fog can be generated, the gasification mode is switched from the low-energy-consumption gasification mode to the high-energy-consumption gasification mode, and by the mode, the energy consumption required by gasification can be reduced to the maximum extent while the generation of the cold fog is controlled, so that the purposes of inhibiting the cold fog and saving energy are achieved.
In the gasification module 6, a plurality of the gasification modes include, from low to high, according to energy consumption: the air-temperature gasifier 2 is in an independent operation mode, the water bath gasifier 3 and the air-temperature reheater 4 are in a combined operation mode, and the water bath gasifier 3 is in an independent operation mode.
When the LNG storage tank is in an independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier 2, the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature gasifier 2 through a pipeline, and the output end of the air-temperature gasifier 2 is connected with the natural gas external transmission pipeline 5 through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in a combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier 3 and the air-temperature type reheater 4, the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier 3 through a pipeline, the output end of the water bath type gasifier 3 is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature type reheater 4, and the output end of the air-temperature type reheater 4 is communicated with the natural gas external transmission pipeline 5 through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier 3, the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier 3 through a pipeline, and the output end of the water bath type gasifier 3 is communicated with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline 5 through a pipeline.
As shown in fig. 3, the control module 8 includes:
the receiving unit 81 is configured to receive the operation data and the environmental data monitored by the monitoring module 7;
the calculating unit 82 is used for calculating the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange according to the received data;
the determining unit 83 is configured to determine whether the dry bulb temperature of the heat exchanged air is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature, determine that cold mist is generated if the dry bulb temperature of the heat exchanged air is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature, and send a signal to switch the gasification mode.
The system is characterized by further comprising a natural gas outward-transmission monitoring module 9, wherein the natural gas outward-transmission monitoring module is arranged on a natural gas outward-transmission pipeline and used for monitoring the output flow and the temperature of natural gas, and controlling the switching of the gasification mode and adjusting the water supply temperature of the hot water circulating system of the water bath type gasifier through automatic control and matching.
The system for suppressing cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizing station comprises an LNG storage tank 1, an air-temperature vaporizer 2, a water-bath vaporizer 3, an air-temperature recuperator 4 and a natural gas external transmission pipeline 5;
the air-temperature type gasifiers 2 are provided with two air-temperature type gasifiers 2, and the two air-temperature type gasifiers 2 are connected in parallel; the water bath type gasifier 3 is provided with two water bath type gasifiers, and the two water bath type gasifiers 3 are connected in parallel; the air-temperature type reheater 4 is provided with two air-temperature type reheaters, and the two air-temperature type reheaters 4 are connected in parallel. The specification of the equipment is determined according to different gasification amounts during design.
And a first control valve 20 for controlling the opening or closing of the pipeline is arranged on the pipeline between the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 and the input end of the air-temperature type gasifier 2. And a second control valve 30 for controlling the opening or closing of the pipeline is arranged on the pipeline between the output end of the LNG storage tank 1 and the input end of the water bath type gasifier 3. A third control valve 40 for controlling the opening or closing of the pipeline is arranged on the pipeline between the output end of the water bath type gasifier 3 and the input end of the air temperature type reheater 4; and a fourth control valve 50 for controlling the opening or closing of the pipeline is arranged on the pipeline between the output end of the water bath type gasifier 3 and the input end of the external conveying pipeline 5. The switching of the gasification mode can be realized by arranging a control valve on each pipeline.
The water bath type heat recovery system is characterized by further comprising a hot water circulating device matched with the water bath type gasifier 3, wherein the hot water circulating device comprises a hot water boiler 31 and a circulating water pump 32, the hot water boiler 31 and a hot water circulating pump 62 are used for providing hot water for the water bath type heat recovery device 3 to serve as heat exchange media, and the temperature of the hot water can be adjusted according to system setting.
The system also comprises an instrument and a controller, wherein the instrument is used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the system and feeding back the data to the controller, and the controller controls the opening or closing of control valves on pipelines in the system through set logic.
The system also comprises a climate collecting box, wherein the climate collecting box is used for collecting environmental temperature data, relative humidity data and wind speed data around the LNG vaporizing station. And displaying the environment data through the instrument and feeding back the environment data to the controller.
The energy saving of this design in anti cold fog mainly embodies in several respects:
1. under the conditions that the air speed is high, the gasification amount is small, the air moisture content is low and the like, which are not beneficial to generating cold mist, the air temperature type gasifier independent operation mode is adopted to realize gasification to achieve the purpose of energy saving, at the moment, all heat exchange heat comes from the environment, and no energy consumption can be realized.
2. If the operation in the first mode generates cold fog, the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air temperature type reheater is switched to be adopted, hot water circulation is started, the temperature of a natural gas outlet of the water bath type gasifier is controlled to be-90 ℃, and then the air temperature type gasifier is used for reheating the natural gas. At the moment, the water supply temperature of the water heater operates in a low-grade mode, so that the load of the water bath type gasifier can be effectively reduced, and the energy consumption is saved.
3. When the gasification amount is large or the meteorological conditions are relatively poor, if the operation in the second mode still generates cold fog, the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier is adopted. At the moment, the water supply temperature of the circulating hot water is automatically adjusted according to the flow and temperature signals fed back by the natural gas outward transmission pipeline, the natural gas outlet temperature of the water bath type gasifier is guaranteed to be 5 ℃, the energy consumption can be effectively controlled, and the waste is avoided.
According to the analysis of the temperature boundary condition formed by the cold mist, the generation of the cold mist is closely related to the heat exchange quantity, the wind speed, the moisture content of the air, the air temperature and other factors. To perform qualitativelyAnalyzing and simplifying an analysis model, and assuming the following parameters in the formula in the whole heat exchange process: the air temperature, air pressure, air density, windward area of the heat exchanger and natural gas flow (gasification quality) are not changed in the operation process of the heat exchanger, namely the air dry bulb temperature (t)0, empty) Enthalpy value (h) of natural gas at outlet of heat exchanger2) Dry air constant pressure specific heat (C)p，da) Constant pressure specific heat of water vapor (C)p，v) Constant, with the enthalpy value (h) of the natural gas at the inlet of the heat exchanger1) The reduction, i.e. the inlet natural gas temperature reduction, the moisture content (d) increase and the air flow rate reduction, can all reduce the air temperature after heat exchange, and when the air temperature is reduced to the dew point temperature, cold mist is generated.
The calculation formula of the air temperature after heat exchange is as follows:
t1, empty＝t0, empty-mQi (Qi)×(h2-h1)/[Cp，da/(1+d)×(1+d×Cp，v/Cp，da)×(v-v1)×S×ρ]；
t1, emptyThe temperature of the air dry bulb after heat exchange is DEG C;
t0, emptyThe temperature of the air dry bulb before heat exchange is DEG C;
mqi (Qi)The mass of the heated (gasified) natural gas in unit time is kg/s;
h1the enthalpy value of natural gas at the inlet of the heat exchanger is J/kg;
h2taking (t) as the enthalpy value of the natural gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger0, empty-10K) chronaxy, J/kg;
Cp，dathe specific heat of dry air at constant pressure is 1005J/kg, and the enthalpy value (101.3kPa, 0-601);
Cp，v2028.1J/kg0 (101.3kPa) is taken as the specific heat of the steam at constant pressure;
d is moisture content, g/kg;
v is the air flow rate, m/s;
v1is the convection velocity, m/s;
s is the windward surface area of the heat exchanger, m2；
Rho is air density, kg/m3。
The temperature of the air after heat exchange can be reduced along with the reduction of the temperature of the natural gas at the inlet of the heat exchanger, the increase of the moisture content (d) and the reduction of the air flow rate, and when the temperature of the air is reduced to the dew point temperature, cold mist is generated.
This application can be according to local ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc. that gather to combine local characteristics, establish the control model, obtain the unit and collect the environmental data after, the computing element calculates the dry bulb temperature of heat transfer back air, and whether the dry bulb temperature of judging heat transfer back air is greater than or equal to dew point temperature again by the judgement unit, if then judge and produce the cold fog, switch to the higher gasification mode of energy consumption, realize the automatic switch-over of running mode.
Energy-saving effect comparison: and respectively calculating the temperature of the cooled air in the independent operation mode of the air-temperature heat exchanger and the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air-temperature type reheater (LNG is gasified to-90 ℃ by the water bath type gasifier and then heated by the air-temperature type reheater) by taking the annual average meteorological parameters of the location of a certain station, and comparing and analyzing the temperature with the corresponding dew point temperature.
Under the conditions of annual average temperature and humidity, the air speed is taken as a variable, the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is calculated at 4m/s, 5m/s, 6m/s, 7m/s and 8m/s respectively, and the calculation result shows that: under the independent operation mode of the air temperature type gasifier, cold mist can be generated when the wind speed is less than 6 m/s; and under the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air temperature type reheater, no cold fog is generated when the wind speed is equal to 4 m/s.
Under the conditions of annual average wind speed and humidity, the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is calculated at 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively by taking the temperature as a variable, and the calculation result shows that: under the independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier, cold mist is generated when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃; and under the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air temperature type reheater, no cold mist is generated when the temperature is equal to 5 ℃.
According to the analysis, under certain environmental conditions, the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air temperature type reheater is less prone to generating cold fog than the independent operation mode of the air temperature type gasifier. Therefore, the gasification process can be controlled not to generate cold fog by switching different gasification modes according to different environmental conditions, and the purpose of inhibiting the cold fog is achieved.
Meanwhile, quantitative comparison analysis (see table 1 for details) of energy consumption is carried out on the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air temperature type reheater and the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier, and the energy consumption of the combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier and the air temperature type reheater under various flow rates is saved by about 30% compared with that of the water bath type independent operation mode. Therefore, the gasification mode with low energy consumption is preferentially selected on the premise of not generating cold mist, so that the total energy consumption of system operation can be reduced practically, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled.
Table 1: energy-saving analysis meter
In addition, the equipment arrangement and the occupied area of different gasification modes are different, and if all the stations adopt the air-temperature type gasifier for gasification, 10 air-temperature type gasifiers are needed to be arranged, and the occupied area is about 750m2(ii) a If the system with multiple gasification modes in the scheme is adopted, 2 air-temperature gasifiers, 2 water-bath gasifiers and 2 air-temperature reheaters are required to be arranged, and the occupied area is about 450m2The saving ratio is about 40%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for suppressing cold mist and saving energy for an LNG vaporizer, comprising the steps of:
s1, setting a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption;
s2, monitoring the operation data and the environment data of the LNG vaporizing station when the vaporizing mode is operated;
and S3, judging whether the cold fog is generated according to data feedback calculation, and if so, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with lower energy consumption to the gasification mode with higher energy consumption.
2. The process of claim 1 for cold mist suppression and energy conservation in LNG vaporizers, wherein: in step S1, the plurality of gasification modes include, from low to high, according to energy consumption: the air-temperature gasifier (2) is in an independent operation mode, the water bath gasifier (3) and the air-temperature reheater (4) are in a combined operation mode, and the water bath gasifier (3) is in an independent operation mode.
3. The process of claim 2 for suppressing cold mist and energy savings in an LNG vaporizer, wherein: the technology for inhibiting cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizing station comprises an LNG storage tank (1), an air-temperature vaporizer (2), a water-bath vaporizer (3), an air-temperature recuperator (4) and a natural gas external transmission pipeline (5);
when the LNG storage tank is in an independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier (2), the output end of the LNG storage tank (1) is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature gasifier (2) through a pipeline, and the output end of the air-temperature gasifier (2) is connected with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline (5) through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in a combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier (3) and the air-temperature type reheater (4), the output end of the LNG storage tank (1) is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier (3) through a pipeline, the output end of the water bath type gasifier (3) is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature type reheater (4), and the output end of the air-temperature type reheater (4) is communicated with the natural gas external conveying pipeline (5) through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier (3), the output end of the LNG storage tank (1) is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier (3) through a pipeline, and the output end of the water bath type gasifier (3) is communicated with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline (5) through a pipeline.
4. The process of claim 1 for cold mist suppression and energy conservation in LNG vaporizers, wherein: step S3 specifically includes:
s301, receiving the operation data and the environment data monitored in the step S2;
s302, calculating the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange according to the acquired data;
and S303, judging whether the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature, if so, judging that cold fog is generated, and sending a signal to switch a gasification mode.
5. The process for suppressing cold mist and energy savings in an LNG vaporizer according to any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the steps of:
and S4, setting flow and temperature detection on the natural gas output pipeline, monitoring the flow and temperature of the natural gas output, and controlling the switching of the gasification mode and adjusting the water supply temperature of the circulating hot water of the water bath type gasifier through automatic control and matching.
6. A system for suppressing cold mist and conserving energy for an LNG vaporizer, comprising:
a gasification module (6) which comprises a plurality of gasification devices with different forms and is provided with a plurality of gasification modes with different energy consumption;
a monitoring module (7) for monitoring operational data and environmental data of the LNG vaporizer while the vaporizing mode is operating;
and the control module (8) is used for judging whether cold fog is generated according to the data acquired by the monitoring module (7), and if so, switching the gasification mode from the gasification mode with lower energy consumption to the gasification mode with higher energy consumption.
7. The system for suppressing cold fog and conserving energy of an LNG vaporizer of claim 6, wherein: in the gasification module (6), a plurality of the gasification modes comprise from low energy consumption to high energy consumption: the air-temperature gasifier (2) is in an independent operation mode, the water bath gasifier (3) and the air-temperature reheater (4) are in a combined operation mode, and the water bath gasifier (3) is in an independent operation mode.
8. The system for suppressing cold fog and conserving energy of an LNG vaporizer of claim 7, wherein: the system for inhibiting cold fog and saving energy of the LNG vaporizing station comprises an LNG storage tank (1), an air-temperature vaporizer (2), a water-bath vaporizer (3), an air-temperature recuperator (4) and a natural gas external transmission pipeline (5);
when the LNG storage tank is in an independent operation mode of the air-temperature gasifier (2), the output end of the LNG storage tank (1) is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature gasifier (2) through a pipeline, and the output end of the air-temperature gasifier (2) is connected with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline (5) through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in a combined operation mode of the water bath type gasifier (3) and the air-temperature type reheater (4), the output end of the LNG storage tank (1) is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier (3) through a pipeline, the output end of the water bath type gasifier (3) is communicated with the input end of the air-temperature type reheater (4), and the output end of the air-temperature type reheater (4) is communicated with the natural gas external conveying pipeline (5) through a pipeline;
when the LNG storage tank is in the independent operation mode of the water bath type gasifier (3), the output end of the LNG storage tank (1) is communicated with the input end of the water bath type gasifier (3) through a pipeline, and the output end of the water bath type gasifier (3) is communicated with the natural gas outward transmission pipeline (5) through a pipeline.
9. A cold fog suppression and energy saving system for LNG vaporizing stations according to claim 6, characterized in that the control module (8) comprises:
a receiving unit (81) for receiving operational data and environmental data monitored by the monitoring module (7);
the calculating unit (82) is used for calculating the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange according to the received data;
and the judging unit (83) is used for judging whether the dry bulb temperature of the air after heat exchange is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature, if so, judging that the cold fog is generated, and sending a prompt signal.
10. A system for suppressing cold mist and energy savings for an LNG vaporizer according to any of claims 6-9, characterized in that: the natural gas external transmission monitoring system is characterized by further comprising a natural gas external transmission monitoring module (9) which is arranged on an external transmission pipeline and used for monitoring the output flow and the temperature of natural gas, controlling the switching of the gasification mode through automatic control and matching and adjusting the water supply temperature of the circulating hot water of the water bath type gasifier.
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