CN113217613A - Gearbox cooling device of wind driven generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gearbox cooling device of a wind driven generator, which comprises a gearbox, a vortex chamber, a compressed air inlet arranged on the side surface of the vortex chamber, a cold air outlet arranged on the left side of the vortex chamber, a hot air outlet arranged on the right side of the vortex chamber, a regulating valve communicated with the hot air outlet, a hot air valve communicated with the regulating valve, a hot air blow-down valve communicated with the regulating valve, a cold air valve communicated with the cold air outlet, a cold air blow-down valve communicated with the cold air outlet, a side cooling plate for providing cold air to the side surface of the gearbox, and a front cooling plate for providing cold air to the front surface of the gearbox, wherein the hot air outlet; the side cooling plate and the front cooling plate are respectively communicated with the cooling valve. The invention has the beneficial effect that the gearbox is cooled by cold air generated by the arranged vortex chamber, so that the wind generating set is not stopped due to overheating.

Description

Gearbox cooling device of wind driven generator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of gearbox cooling devices, in particular to a gearbox cooling device of a wind driven generator.

Background

Wind energy is increasingly gaining attention as a clean renewable energy source in all countries of the world. Moreover, it is inexhaustible. The wind power generation device is very suitable for and mostly suitable for coastal islands, grassland pasturing areas, mountain areas and plateau areas with water shortage, fuel shortage and inconvenient traffic by utilizing wind power according to local conditions. China is rich in wind energy resources, and statistics shows that the wind energy storage capacity capable of being developed and utilized is about 10 hundred million kW, wherein the wind energy storage capacity on land is about 2.53 hundred million kW, so that the development prospect of wind power generation is very wide.

The 1.5MW wind generating set can deliver 1500 degrees of electricity to the power grid every hour when the wind generating set is full. Wind power plants can be generally divided into three parts, a wind wheel, a nacelle and a tower. The iron tower is a framework for supporting the wind wheel, the tail vane and the generator and is generally built higher so as to obtain larger and more uniform wind power and have enough strength; the wind wheel is an important part for converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy, and when the wind blows to the blades, the blades generate aerodynamic force to drive the wind wheel to rotate; the engine room is the key equipment of the wind driven generator, comprising a gear box and a generator, and maintenance personnel can enter the engine room through a wind driven generator tower.

The cabin seat is arranged in the cabin, is a main supporting structural part for connecting and supporting functional parts in the cabin, bears components such as a gearbox, a generator, a bearing, a yaw device, a controller and the like and is arranged on the cabin seat, and the structural strength requirement of the cabin seat is high, and the convenience of the installation position is very important; the output shaft of the gearbox generally rotates at about 1500 revolutions per minute, so that the lubricating oil of the gearbox works for a long time and is in a relatively closed environment, the temperature of the oil product is quickly increased, the oil product is diluted to be not beneficial to lubricating all parts, and all moving parts are easy to burn shafts due to oil shortage. Especially for large-scale generating sets, the assembly difficulty is high, and the design of a cooling device which is suitable for large-scale wind generating sets, is convenient to assemble and can ensure high strength, reliability and durability is very important; in winter, the outdoor air temperature is very low and is often at minus 30 ℃, so that the oil product of the gearbox is very viscous, the initial movement of moving parts is not facilitated, and the gearbox is very viscous, so that the friction resistance of shafts in all movements is very large in extreme conditions, the shafts are very difficult to rotate, and the problem that the gearbox product is viscous due to low temperature is also urgently needed to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cooling device for a gearbox of a wind driven generator, which can solve the problem that the temperature of the gearbox of the wind driven generator rises due to continuous working and also can solve the problem that each moving part of the gearbox is blocked due to the fact that the gearbox is sticky due to low outdoor air temperature in winter.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A gearbox cooling device of a wind driven generator is used for cooling a gearbox and comprises a vortex chamber, a compressed air inlet arranged on the side surface of the vortex chamber, a cold air outlet arranged on the left side of the vortex chamber, a hot air outlet arranged on the right side of the vortex chamber, a regulating valve communicated with the hot air outlet, a hot air valve communicated with the regulating valve, a hot air blow-down valve communicated with the regulating valve, a cold air valve communicated with the cold air outlet, a cold air blow-down valve communicated with the cold air outlet, a side cooling plate for providing cold air to the side surface of the gearbox and a front cooling plate for providing cold air to the front surface of the gearbox; the side cooling plate and the front cooling plate are respectively communicated with the cooling valve.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the side cooling plate and the front cooling plate are both two.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the distance between the side cooling plate and the gearbox is 3-5 mm.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the side cooling plate and the front cooling plate are provided with air outlets.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the diameter of the air outlet is not more than 2 mm.

As a further improvement of the invention, the cross section of the vortex chamber is circular.

As a further improvement of the invention, the compressed air inlet is tangential to the excircle of the vortex chamber.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the compressed air inlet is provided with a steel wire mesh.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the diameter of the meshes of the steel wire mesh is not more than 1 mm.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the invention also comprises a temperature sensor and a controller; the temperature sensor is arranged at the top of the gearbox and used for measuring the temperature of lubricating oil in the gearbox; the temperature sensor is in control connection with the controller.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the air compressor is further included and is in control connection with the controller.

As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the cooling system also comprises a hot air valve, one end of the hot air valve is communicated with the regulating valve, and the other end of the hot air valve is respectively communicated with the side cooling plate and the front cooling plate

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the vortex chamber can refrigerate common compressed air and cool the gearbox.

2. The hot air generated by the vortex chamber can be used for preheating the gearbox before the fan is started in winter through the arranged hot air valve.

3. The hot air emptying valve can empty the hot air which is not used, so that the hot air is prevented from entering the cabin of the wind driven generator when not needed, and the cabin is prevented from being overheated.

4. The cold air emptying valve can empty the cold air which is not needed, and the problem that the unit is difficult to start because the cold air enters the cabin when the gearbox of the unit needs to be heated in winter is avoided.

5. The compressed air inlet is designed to enter along the tangential direction of the vortex chamber, so that the airflow rotationally advances along the wall of the vortex chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and the speed of the airflow can be increased.

6. Through the side air outlet plate that sets up, can be with even blowing of cold air in the gearbox side, increase cooling rate, improve cooling efficiency.

7. Through the positive air-out board that sets up, can be with even the blowing off in the front of gearbox of cold air, increase refrigerated area, improve cooling efficiency.

8. The aperture of the air outlet is set to be not more than 2mm, so that the air quantity required by cooling can be saved, and the input quantity of compressed air can be reduced, thereby reducing the power of the air compressor, achieving the purposes of saving energy and reducing consumption, and improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of the device.

9. Through the filter screen that the compressed air entry set up, can block that the dust gets into the cabin from the compressed air entry, avoid dust pollution inside each part in cabin, prolong the life of each part.

10. Through the side cooling plate and the front cooling plate with the gearbox distance sets up to 3-5mm, can avoid the cooling plate to be too far away from the gearbox, and the refrigeration effect that causes is poor, can avoid too closely apart from equally, influences cold wind and blows out, increase cold wind resistance, the poor problem of refrigeration effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention in a schematic configuration;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vortex chamber;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a side cooling plate;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken at B of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front cooling plate structure.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1-vortex chamber, 2-compressed air inlet, 3-cold air outlet, 4-hot air outlet, 5-gear box, 6-regulating valve, 7-hot air release valve, 8-hot air valve, 9-cold air release valve, 10-cold air valve, 11-side cooling plate, 110-air outlet, 12-front cooling plate, 13-temperature sensor, 14-controller and 15-air compressor.

Detailed Description

The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed", "sleeved/connected", "connected", and the like, are to be interpreted broadly, such as "connected", which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1-6

A gearbox cooling device of a wind driven generator is used for cooling a gearbox 5 and comprises a vortex chamber 1, a compressed air inlet 2 arranged on the side surface of the vortex chamber 1, a cold air outlet 3 arranged on the left side of the vortex chamber 1, a hot air outlet 4 arranged on the right side of the vortex chamber 1, a regulating valve 6 communicated with the hot air outlet 4, a hot air valve 8 with one end communicated with the regulating valve 6, a hot air emptying valve 7 communicated with the regulating valve 6, a cold air valve 10 communicated with the cold air outlet 3, a cold air emptying valve 9 communicated with the cold air outlet 3, a side cooling plate 11 for providing cold air to the side surface of the gearbox 5 and a front cooling plate 12 for providing cold air to the front surface of the gearbox 5; the side cooling plate 11 and the front cooling plate 12 are respectively communicated with the cooling valve 10.

The other end of the hot air valve 8 is respectively communicated with the side cooling plate 11 and the front cooling plate 12.

The number of the side cooling plates 11 and the number of the front cooling plates 12 are two.

The distance between the side cooling plate 11 and the front cooling plate 12 and the gearbox 5 is 3-5 mm; too far away this distance affects the cooling effect, too close it causes resistance to the wind, which also affects the cooling effect.

The side cooling plate 11 and the front cooling plate 12 are provided with air outlets 110, and the diameter of each air outlet 110 is not more than 2 mm; the diameter of the air outlet is not more than 2mm, the problem that the air outlet is too large, the amount of cold air is too large and further the power of the air compressor 15 is too large can be avoided, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved.

The vortex chamber 1 is circular in cross section.

The compressed air inlet 2 is tangential to the outer circle of the vortex chamber 1.

The compressed air inlet 2 is provided with a steel wire mesh.

The diameter of the meshes of the steel wire mesh is not more than 1 mm.

The invention also comprises a temperature sensor 13, a controller 14 and an air compressor 15; the temperature sensor 13 is arranged on the inner surface of the top of the gearbox 5, the controller 14 is arranged on the outer surface of the top of the gearbox 5, the temperature sensor 13 is in control connection with the controller 14, and the air compressor 15 is in control connection with the controller 14.

The types of temperature sensors are currently mainly divided into:

1: platinum thermal resistance temperature sensor

The platinum thermal resistor is designed and manufactured by utilizing the basic principle that the resistance value of a platinum wire changes along with the change of temperature, the resistance value R at 0 ℃ is divided into 10 ohm (division number is Pt 10) and 100 ohm (division number is Pt 100), and the like, and the temperature measuring range is-200-850 ℃.

Thermocouple temperature sensor

The thermocouple temperature sensor is mainly welded together through two different metal materials, the main temperature changes, then different electric potentials are generated at two ends, and the corresponding temperature change is obtained through the change of the electric potentials. The temperature can be measured: the temperature can reach 2300 degrees at most, and is more accurate in a high-temperature section.

3 thermal resistor

The temperature sensor is composed of metal oxide ceramics, and is low in cost and highest in sensitivity. The temperature measuring range is small, about 50 to 200 ℃, the volume is small, and the response time is fast. Is applied to many home appliances because of its low price.

Working principle of thermistor

The basic electrical characteristic of a thermistor is that its resistance changes with temperature, and the temperature of the thermistor itself changes with self-heating caused by ambient temperature or current passing through the thermistor. When the ambient temperature is kept unchanged, the resistance value of the thermistor is a function of the self-consumption power of the thermistor, and the temperature of the thermistor is increased to be higher than the ambient temperature; thermistors are classified into positive temperature coefficient thermistors and negative temperature coefficient thermistors.

1) Working principle of positive temperature coefficient thermistor

The positive temperature coefficient thermistor is made by using barium titanate as basic material, then doping a proper amount of rare earth elements and sintering at high temperature by using a ceramic process. Pure barium titanate is an insulating material, but becomes a semiconductor material after being doped with a proper amount of rare earth elements such as (La), niobium (Nb) and the like, and is called semiconducting barium titanate. It is a polycrystalline material with grain boundaries between grains, which act as a barrier for conducting electrons. When the temperature is low, the conductive electrons can easily cross the potential barrier due to the action of the electric field in the semiconducting barium titanate, so the resistance value is small, and when the temperature is increased to the Curie point temperature (namely the critical temperature, the 'temperature control point' of the element is generally the Curie point of the barium titanate and is 120 ℃), the internal electric field is damaged, the conductive electrons cannot be helped to cross the potential barrier, so the resistance value is sharply increased. Because the element has the advantages that the resistance changes slowly along with the temperature before reaching the Curie point, has the functions of constant temperature, temperature adjustment and automatic temperature control, only heats, does not turn red, does not have open fire, is not easy to burn, can be applied to the occasions of alternating current voltage and direct current voltage (3-440V), has long service life, and is very suitable for overheat detection of electric devices such as motors and the like

2) Working principle of negative temperature coefficient thermistor

NTC is an abbreviation of Negative Temperature Coefficient, which means Negative Temperature Coefficient, and generally refers to semiconductor material or component with large Negative Temperature Coefficient, so called NTC thermistor is a Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor. It is made up by using metal oxides of manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper as main material and adopting ceramic process. These metal oxide materials all have semiconductor properties because they are completely similar in conduction to semiconductor materials such as germanium, silicon, etc. At low temperatures, these oxide materials have a low number of carriers (electrons and holes) and therefore have a high resistance; as the temperature increases, the number of carriers increases, so the resistance value decreases. The NTC thermistor has a variation range of 100-100000 at room temperature and an omega temperature coefficient of 2% -6.5%. The negative temperature coefficient thermistor has many types, is divided into three types of low temperature (-60-300 ℃) and medium temperature (300 + 600 ℃) and high temperature (>600 ℃) according to the temperature range, has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, quick response, long service life, low price and the like, and is widely applied to temperature automatic control circuits needing fixed-point temperature measurement, such as temperature control systems of refrigerators, air conditioners, greenhouses and the like.

The invention adopts a thermistor sensor with the type of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor MF 52103F 3950 sensor.

The controller of the present invention, which is model 14 using STC12C5a60S2, uses a PDI algorithm and is capable of calculating and comparing the signals from the temperature sensors 13.

The refrigeration and heating principle of the invention is as follows:

the working principle of vortex tube refrigeration is as follows: high-pressure gas enters from a compressed air inlet and enters a vortex chamber at a high speed in a tangential direction, the rotating speed of the high-pressure gas can reach 1.0 multiplied by 106 RPM, the gas rotates and advances after forming a vortex, the gas along the wall of the vortex chamber rubs with the wall of the vortex chamber, the temperature of the gas can be rapidly increased, and a part of the gas is discharged from the hot end of the vortex chamber, and the temperature of the gas is higher than that of the compressed gas at the inlet; one part returns along the central line to form a backflow, the gas and the vortex close to the pipe wall are in reverse direction, the heat exchange is continuously carried out, the temperature of the gas is gradually reduced, cold gas flow is formed, and the cold gas flow is discharged from the cold end of the vortex pipe, and the phenomenon is called vortex effect. The pressure of the compressed gas is reduced while the vortex effect is generated, and the reduction amplitude is related to the structural characteristics of the vortex tube. The percentage of the air flow of the cold end and the air flow of the hot end of the vortex tube is called as the separation ratio of the vortex tube, and the separation ratio of the vortex tube can be adjusted by an adjusting valve aiming at different applications.

Only compressed air with general pressure is input, and cold air (the lowest temperature can reach-46 ℃ under the premise of drying air) is generated at one end and hot air (the highest temperature can reach 127 ℃) is generated at the other end through conversion of a vortex tube. The vortex tube can adjust the flow of gas and the temperature of the cold air end by adjusting the valve at the hot air end, and can obtain the cold air parameters satisfied by adjusting the valve at the hot air end.

The working process of the device is that,

in winter, the temperature sensor 13 transmits the measured temperature to the controller 14, the controller 14 compares the measured temperature with a set threshold, if the temperature is lower than the set threshold, the hot gas valve 8 is opened, the hot gas blow-down valve 7 is closed, the cold gas valve 10 is closed, the cold gas blow-down valve 9 is opened, the air compressor 15 is started, compressed air is sent into the vortex chamber 1 from the compressed air inlet 2 along the tangential direction of the vortex chamber 1 to generate hot gas which can heat lubricating oil in the gearbox 5, after the set temperature is reached, the heating is stopped, the air compressor 15 is closed, the hot gas valve 8 is closed, the hot gas blow-down valve 7 is opened, the cold gas blow-down valve 9 is closed, the cold gas valve 10 is opened, the equipment enters a servo state, the gearbox and other equipment run, the temperature gradually rises, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 13 is transmitted to the controller 14, after the measured temperature reaches the set threshold, the air compressor 15 is turned on, and cold air enters the front cooling plate 12 and the side cooling plate 11 from the turbine chamber 1, and cools the transmission case 5 through the air outlets 110 of the front cooling plate and the side cooling plate.

If the temperature is high in other seasons and outside, the air compressor is directly cooled, and the process is as follows, each control valve is checked, so that the cold air valve 10 and the hot air release valve 7 are opened, the hot air valve 8 and the cold air release valve 9 are closed, and the controller 14 opens the air compressor 15; the temperature sensor 13 measures the temperature and transmits the temperature to the controller 14, after the measured temperature reaches the set threshold value, the air compressor 15 is started, and the cold air enters the front cooling plate 12 and the side cooling plate 11 from the turbine chamber 1, and cools the gearbox 5 through the air outlets 110 of the front cooling plate and the side cooling plate.

The above; but are merely preferred embodiments of the invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope of the present disclosure; according to the technical scheme of the utility model and the improvement conception, equivalent substitution or change is carried out; are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A gearbox cooling device of a wind driven generator is used for cooling a gearbox and is characterized in that: the device comprises a vortex chamber (1), a compressed air inlet (2) arranged on the side surface of the vortex chamber (1), a cold air outlet (3) arranged on the left side of the vortex chamber (1), a hot air outlet (4) arranged on the right side of the vortex chamber (1), a regulating valve (6) communicated with the hot air outlet (4), a hot air blow-down valve (7) communicated with the regulating valve (6), a cold air valve (10) communicated with the cold air outlet (3), a cold air blow-down valve (9) communicated with the cold air outlet (3), a side cooling plate (11) for blowing the side surface of the gearbox and a front cooling plate (12) for blowing the front surface of the gearbox; the side cooling plate (11) and the front cooling plate (12) are respectively communicated with the cooling valve (10).

2. A wind turbine gearbox cooling arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein: the side cooling plates (11) and the front cooling plates (12) are respectively two, the side cooling plates (11) are respectively arranged on two sides of the gearbox, and the front cooling plates (12) are respectively arranged on the front and the rear sides of the gearbox.

3. A wind turbine gearbox cooling arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that: the distance between the side cooling plate (11) and the front cooling plate (12) and the gearbox (5) is 3-5 mm.

4. A wind turbine gearbox cooling arrangement according to claim 3, characterised in that: the side cooling plate (11) and the front cooling plate (12) are provided with air outlets (110); the diameter of the air outlet (110) is not more than 2 mm.

5. A wind turbine gearbox cooling arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein: the cooling device is characterized by further comprising a hot air valve (8) with one end communicated with the regulating valve (6), and the other end of the hot air valve (8) is respectively communicated with the side cooling plate (11) and the front cooling plate (12).

6. A wind turbine gearbox cooling arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein: the compressed air inlet (2) is provided with a steel wire mesh.

7. The wind turbine gearbox cooling device of claim 6, wherein: the diameter of the meshes of the steel wire mesh is not more than 1 mm.

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