CN113217247B - Method for predicting penetration distance of multi-injection spraying of diesel engine - Google Patents

Method for predicting penetration distance of multi-injection spraying of diesel engine Download PDF

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CN113217247B
CN113217247B CN202110607951.5A CN202110607951A CN113217247B CN 113217247 B CN113217247 B CN 113217247B CN 202110607951 A CN202110607951 A CN 202110607951A CN 113217247 B CN113217247 B CN 113217247B
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penetration distance
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CN113217247A (en
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刘龙
梅齐昊
贾伟男
刘岱
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the penetration distance of multi-injection spray of a diesel engine, which is used for enabling a multi-injection variable-injection curve to be equivalent to a steady-state jet flow with mass average injection speed at any instant. The stokes number is correlated to its mass mean velocity so that the stokes number of each spray responds in time to changes in its injection rate. And calculating the particle response time of the front and rear two beams of sprays, and obtaining the effective spraying speeds of the two beams of spray tips at the moment according to an isolated droplet theory. And coupling the effective spraying speeds of the two sub-spraying tips at any moment with a spraying penetration distance analysis model, and judging the spraying tips sprayed for multiple times to obtain the total spraying penetration distance at the moment. The invention adopts variable time upper limit integral to calculate the mass average injection speed, so that the influence of the change of the oil injection rate is exerted on the development process of the spray penetration distance in time; the method realizes the calculation of the spray penetration distance under the variable oil injection condition by an analytic method, and obviously improves the calculation speed.

Description

Method for predicting penetration distance of multi-injection spraying of diesel engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to a diesel engine prediction method, in particular to a diesel engine injection prediction method.
Background
The multi-injection technology is developed rapidly on the diesel engine by virtue of the great advantages of the multi-injection technology in the aspects of energy conservation and emission reduction. The technology has more injection times and more flexible oil injection rule, greatly improves the oil-gas mixing process in the cylinder of the diesel engine, optimizes the spray combustion characteristic, radically reduces the generation of nitrogen oxides and soot, and obviously improves the fuel utilization rate. Therefore, the multi-injection technology has great significance for improving the performance of the diesel engine and promoting the sustainable development of the diesel engine.
The spray penetration distance is a commonly used important parameter for measuring the oil-gas mixing effect in a diesel engine cylinder, directly represents the macroscopic distribution of oil-gas in the cylinder, and can be used for judging whether spray hits the wall, then adjusting a related oil injection strategy and further optimizing the spray mixing process. The formulation and adjustment of fuel injection strategies is generally based on the knowledge of the spray parameter development including spray penetration. However, due to the diversity of the multiple injection technology in the aspects of the injection times, the injection rate shape and the like, the influence of the injection conditions on the spray propagation and the interaction between the spray and the spray are obviously strengthened, so that the penetration process of each sub-spray in the cylinder is more complicated, and the change rule of the spray penetration distance is more difficult to master. Since the first of the multiple injections is injected directly into the ambient gas in the cylinder, and therefore its penetration characteristics are similar to those of the single injection, the large number of single injection spray penetration variation laws accumulated at present are still applicable to this condition. But the second injection is injected into the previous spray field rather than the pure ambient gas, so the spray penetration change law is quite different from that of the single injection. A great deal of experimental research shows that the first fuel spray of multiple injections reduces the evaporation potential of the second fuel spray through a cooling effect, and meanwhile, the interaction of the velocity fields and the high momentum remained by the first fuel spray form a high-speed area at the front end of the second fuel spray, so that the penetration velocity of the second fuel spray is far higher than that of the first fuel spray, and therefore, the penetration distance of the two fuel sprays in front of and behind the multiple injections has quite different time-dependent characteristics. However, no research is available on the time-dependent characteristic of the penetration distance of the second multi-injection spray, so that the quantitative relationship between the penetration distance and the second multi-injection spray still needs to be determined so as to predict the change rule of the penetration distance of the multi-injection spray more quickly and accurately, and a theoretical analysis and engineering evaluation tool is provided for the adjustment of the injection strategy of the diesel engine and the optimization of the spray mixing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the penetration distance of multi-injection spray of a diesel engine, which is suitable for any variable oil injection rate condition.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention discloses a method for predicting penetration distance of multiple-time injection spraying of a diesel engine, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the first injection is started when t is equal to 0 and is started at t1Ending the moment; the second injection is at t2At time t, starting3Ending the moment; calculating to obtain the injection speed U of the injection hole outlet twice according to the injection parameters such as the injection quantity, the injection duration, the injection molded line and the like and the structural parameters of the injection holeinj,1(t) and Uinj,2(t) a change over time t;
(2) converting the multi-time injection variable oil injection curve into instantaneous steady-state jet flow according to Uinj,1(t)、Uinj,2(t), fuel density ρfAnd orifice exit area AnozCalculating to obtain the mass average jet velocity U of the front and rear two beams of instantaneous steady-state jet flows by adopting a variable time t upper limit integral methodAV,1(t)、UAV,2(t)：
Figure BDA0003094325930000021
(3) According to the diameter d of the orificenFuel density ρfAnd ambient gas density ρgCalculating to obtain the effective jet hole diameter deq：
Figure BDA0003094325930000022
(4) According to fuel density rhofDiameter d of the nozzle holenMass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) viscosity of Fuel oil μfAnd coefficient of surface tension σ of fuelfAnd calculating to obtain the Reynolds number Re of the front and the rear two spray beams1And Re2And the Weber number We of two front and back spray1And We2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000023
Figure BDA0003094325930000024
(5) According to the diameter d of the orificenReynolds number Re of two front and rear sprays1And Re2Weber number We of two spray beams in front and back1And We2Viscosity of fuel oil mufAmbient gas viscosity μgFuel density ρfAnd ambient gas density ρgRespectively calculating the Sott average diameter of the incompletely developed spray sprayed at low speed under two times of spraying
Figure BDA0003094325930000025
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000026
sauter mean diameter for high velocity spray full development spray
Figure BDA0003094325930000027
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000028
and the spray overall sauter mean diameter D32,1And D32,2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000031
Figure BDA0003094325930000032
(6) According to fuel density rhofSpray total sauter mean diameter D of two sprays32,1And D32,2Mass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and ambient gas viscosity μgCalculating the Stokes numbers St of the front and the rear two sprays1And St2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000033
Figure BDA0003094325930000034
(7) According to the effective orifice diameter deqMass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and Stokes numbers St of two front and rear sprays1And St2Calculating to obtain the response time constant tau of front and back two spray jet flowsv,1And τv,2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000035
(8) According to the mass average injection speed U of the two injectionsAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and the response time constant tau of the front and rear two spray jetsv,1And τv,2Calculating to obtain the effective spraying speed U of the front and the rear beams of sprayingeff,1(t) and Ueff,2(t) analytical formula as a function of time:
Figure BDA0003094325930000036
Figure BDA0003094325930000037
(9) according to fuel density rhofDiameter d of the nozzle holenAmbient gas density ρgAnd the difference value delta P between the injection pressure and the ambient gas pressure is calculated to obtain the spray crushing time t of the first injectionb：
Figure BDA0003094325930000041
(10) According to fuel density rhofAmbient gas density ρgAnd an empirical coefficient c, calculating to obtain a spray cone angle theta:
Figure BDA0003094325930000042
(11) according to the diameter shrinkage coefficient C of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, spray break up time t of first spraybAdjacent time of
Figure BDA0003094325930000043
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000044
and its corresponding effective injection velocity
Figure BDA0003094325930000045
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000046
calculating to obtain a penetration distance growth coefficient k before spray crushingv：
Figure BDA0003094325930000047
(12) According to the diameter shrinkage coefficient C of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective spray velocity U of first sprayeff,1(t) effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, penetration distance growth coefficient kvTime t of spray crushingbAnd the duration t of the injection of the first injectionj1Calculating to obtain the spray penetration distance S of the first variable oil injectiontip,1(t) law of change with time:
Figure BDA0003094325930000048
(13) introducing penetration strengthening coefficient EC and then shrinking coefficient C according to the diameter of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, effective spray velocity U of the second sprayeff,2(t) and duration of injection tj2And injection end time t3Calculating the spray penetration distance S of the second variable oil injectiontip,2(t) law of change with time:
Figure BDA0003094325930000051
(14) by comparing the penetration distance S of the two sprays at the same timetip,1(t) and Stip,2(t) determining the front end of the multi-injection spray, and selecting the maximum value as the total penetration distance of the multi-injection spray.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, through the conversion of a variable oil injection rate curve and instantaneous steady-state jet flow, the mass average injection speed is calculated by adopting variable time upper limit integral, so that the influence of oil injection rate change is timely applied to the development process of the spray penetration distance, and the calculation precision is improved; secondly, the Stokes number is enabled to become a variable responding to the change of the oil injection rate in time through the correlation between the Stokes number and the mass average speed, instead of taking a constant as before, so that the calculation accuracy of the spray penetration distance under the condition of variable oil injection is further improved; then, the method realizes the calculation of the spray penetration distance under the variable oil injection condition by an analytic method through the coupling of the effective injection speed and the spray penetration distance analytic model, thereby obviously improving the calculation speed; finally, the dependency characteristic of the penetration distance of the multi-time spraying is optimized by introducing the penetration enhancement coefficient, and the judgment of the tip of the multi-time spraying is carried out, so that the applicable object of the calculation method is expanded from the single-time spraying penetration distance to the multi-time spraying penetration distance, the application range is expanded, the calculation speed and the calculation precision of the multi-time spraying penetration distance are improved, and a simpler and more efficient numerical research means is provided for the diesel spraying process analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of multiple injection variable injection profile and its transient steady state jet conversion;
FIG. 3 shows the injection parameters of the 120MPa staged injection;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the injection rate curve and the spray penetration distance of the 120MPa staged injection compared with experimental data.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to fig. 1-4, the present invention first equates a multiple injection variable injection profile to a steady state jet with a mass average injection velocity at any instant based on the effective injection velocity theory and the instant steady state jet assumption. And then the Stokes number of the two spray droplets is related to the mass average speed of the two spray droplets through the Sott average diameters of the two spray droplets, so that the Stokes number of each spray can respond to the change of the oil injection rate of the spray in time, and the calculation accuracy is improved. And then calculating the particle response time of the front and rear two beams of sprays by utilizing the Stokes number, and obtaining the effective spraying speed of the two beams of spray tips at the moment according to the isolated droplet theory. And finally, coupling the effective spraying speed of two sub-spraying tips at any moment with a spraying penetration distance analytical model, introducing a penetration enhancement coefficient to optimize the time dependence of the spraying penetration distance of the second spraying, and judging the spraying tips sprayed for multiple times to obtain the total spraying penetration distance at the moment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
step 1, taking the multi-injection variable injection curve shown in fig. 2 as an example, the first injection starts when t is equal to 0, and starts when t is equal to 01Ending the moment; the second injection is at t2At time t, starting3The time is over. Calculating to obtain the injection speed U of the injection hole outlet twice according to the injection parameters such as the injection quantity, the injection duration, the injection molded line and the like and the structural parameters of the injection holeinj,1(t) and Uinj,2(t) a change over time t;
step 2, converting the multi-injection variable-injection curve into instantaneous steady-state jet flow by adopting the method illustrated in figure 2, and according to the two-time injection speed Uinj,1(t)、Uinj,2(t), fuel density ρfAnd orifice exit area AnozCalculating to obtain the mass average jet velocity U of the front and rear two beams of instantaneous steady-state jet flows by adopting a variable time t upper limit integral methodAV,1(t)、UAV,2(t)：
Figure BDA0003094325930000061
Step 3, according to the diameter d of the spray holenFuel density ρfAnd ambient gas density ρgCalculating to obtain the effective jet hole diameter deq：
Figure BDA0003094325930000062
Step 4, according to the fuel density rhofDiameter d of the nozzle holenMass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) viscosity of Fuel oil μfAnd coefficient of surface tension σ of fuelfAnd calculating to obtain the Reynolds number Re of the front and the rear two spray beams1And Re2And the Weber number We of two front and back spray1And We2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000063
Figure BDA0003094325930000071
Step 5, according to the diameter d of the spray holenReynolds number Re of two front and rear sprays1And Re2Weber number We of two spray beams in front and back1And We2Viscosity of fuel oil mufAmbient gas viscosity μgFuel density ρfAnd ambient gas density ρgRespectively calculating the Sott average diameter of the incompletely developed spray sprayed at low speed under two times of spraying
Figure BDA0003094325930000072
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000073
sauter mean diameter for high velocity spray full development spray
Figure BDA0003094325930000074
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000075
and the spray overall sauter mean diameter D32,1And D32,2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000076
Figure BDA0003094325930000077
Step 6, according to the fuel density rhofSpray total sauter mean diameter D of two sprays32,1And D32,2Mass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and ambient gas viscosity μgCalculating the Stokes numbers St of the front and the rear two sprays1And St2：
Figure BDA0003094325930000078
Figure BDA0003094325930000079
Step 7, according to the effective jet hole diameter deqMass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and Stokes numbers St of two front and rear sprays1And St2Calculating to obtain the response time constant tau of front and back two spray jet flowsv,1And τv,2：
Figure BDA00030943259300000710
Step 8, average mass injection speed U according to the two injectionsAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and the response time constant tau of the front and rear two spray jetsv,1And τv,2Calculating to obtain the effective spraying speed U of the front and the rear beams of sprayingeff,1(t) and Ueff,2(t) analytical formula as a function of time:
Figure BDA0003094325930000081
Figure BDA0003094325930000082
step 9, according to the fuel density rhofDiameter d of the nozzle holenAmbient gas density ρgAnd the difference value delta P between the injection pressure and the ambient gas pressure is calculated to obtain the spray crushing time t of the first injectionb：
Figure BDA0003094325930000083
Step 10, according to the fuel density rhofAmbient gas density ρgAnd an empirical coefficient c, calculating to obtain a spray cone angle theta:
Figure BDA0003094325930000084
step 11, according to the diameter shrinkage coefficient C of the jet holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, spray break up time t of first spraybAdjacent time of
Figure BDA0003094325930000085
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000086
and its corresponding effective injection velocity
Figure BDA0003094325930000087
And
Figure BDA0003094325930000088
calculating to obtain a penetration distance growth coefficient k before spray crushingv：
Figure BDA0003094325930000089
Step 12, according to the diameter shrinkage coefficient C of the jet holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distributionFactor beta, effective injection velocity U of first injectioneff,1(t) effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, penetration distance growth coefficient kvTime t of spray crushingbAnd the duration t of the injection of the first injectionj1Calculating to obtain the spray penetration distance S of the first variable oil injectiontip,1(t) law of change with time:
Figure BDA0003094325930000091
step 13, introducing a penetration strengthening coefficient EC, wherein the value of EC is-0.02, and then shrinking the coefficient C according to the diameter of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, effective spray velocity U of the second sprayeff,2(t) and duration of injection tj2And injection end time t3Calculating the spray penetration distance S of the second variable oil injectiontip,2(t) law of change with time:
Figure BDA0003094325930000092
step 14, comparing the penetration distances S of the two sprays at the same timetip,1(t) and Stip,2(t) determining the front end of the multi-injection spray, and selecting the maximum value as the total penetration distance of the multi-injection spray.

Claims (1)

1. A method for predicting penetration distance of multiple-injection spraying of a diesel engine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the first injection is started when t is equal to 0 and is started at t1Ending the moment; the second injection is at t2At time t, starting3Ending the moment; calculating to obtain the injection speed U of the injection hole outlet twice according to the injection parameters such as the injection quantity, the injection duration, the injection molded line and the like and the structural parameters of the injection holeinj,1(t) and Uinj,2(t) a change over time t;
(2) converting the multi-time injection variable oil injection curve into instantaneous steady-state jet flow according to Uinj,1(t)、Uinj,2(t), fuel density ρfAnd orifice exit area AnozCalculating to obtain the mass average jet velocity U of the front and rear two beams of instantaneous steady-state jet flows by adopting a variable time t upper limit integral methodAV,1(t)、UAV,2(t)：
Figure FDA0003094325920000011
(3) According to the diameter d of the orificenFuel density ρfAnd ambient gas density ρgCalculating to obtain the effective jet hole diameter deq：
Figure FDA0003094325920000012
(4) According to fuel density rhofDiameter d of the nozzle holenMass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) viscosity of Fuel oil μfAnd coefficient of surface tension σ of fuelfAnd calculating to obtain the Reynolds number Re of the front and the rear two spray beams1And Re2And the Weber number We of two front and back spray1And We2：
Figure FDA0003094325920000013
Figure FDA0003094325920000014
(5) According to the diameter d of the orificenReynolds number Re of two front and rear sprays1And Re2Weber number We of two spray beams in front and back1And We2Viscosity of fuel oil mufAmbient gas viscosity μgFuel density ρfAnd ambient gas density ρgRespectively calculated toThe Sott average diameter of the spray is not completely developed by low-speed spraying under two times of spraying
Figure FDA0003094325920000015
And
Figure FDA0003094325920000016
sauter mean diameter for high velocity spray full development spray
Figure FDA0003094325920000017
And
Figure FDA0003094325920000018
and the spray overall sauter mean diameter D32,1And D32,2：
Figure FDA0003094325920000021
Figure FDA0003094325920000022
(6) According to fuel density rhofSpray total sauter mean diameter D of two sprays32,1And D32,2Mass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and ambient gas viscosity μgCalculating the Stokes numbers St of the front and the rear two sprays1And St2：
Figure FDA0003094325920000023
Figure FDA0003094325920000024
(7) According to the effective orifice diameter deqMass average injection speed U of two injections before and afterAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and Stokes numbers St of two front and rear sprays1And St2Meter for measuringCalculating the response time constant tau of front and back two spray jet streamsv,1And τv,2：
Figure FDA0003094325920000025
(8) According to the mass average injection speed U of the two injectionsAV,1(t) and UAV,2(t) and the response time constant tau of the front and rear two spray jetsv,1And τv,2Calculating to obtain the effective spraying speed U of the front and the rear beams of sprayingeff,1(t) and Ueff,2(t) analytical formula as a function of time:
Figure FDA0003094325920000026
Figure FDA0003094325920000027
(9) according to fuel density rhofDiameter d of the nozzle holenAmbient gas density ρgAnd the difference value delta P between the injection pressure and the ambient gas pressure is calculated to obtain the spray crushing time t of the first injectionb：
Figure FDA0003094325920000031
(10) According to fuel density rhofAmbient gas density ρgAnd an empirical coefficient c, calculating to obtain a spray cone angle theta:
Figure FDA0003094325920000032
(11) according to the diameter shrinkage coefficient C of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, spray break up time t of first spraybAdjacent time of
Figure FDA0003094325920000033
And
Figure FDA0003094325920000034
and its corresponding effective injection velocity
Figure FDA0003094325920000035
And
Figure FDA0003094325920000036
calculating to obtain a penetration distance growth coefficient k before spray crushingv：
Figure FDA0003094325920000037
(12) According to the diameter shrinkage coefficient C of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective spray velocity U of first sprayeff,1(t) effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, penetration distance growth coefficient kvTime t of spray crushingbAnd the duration t of the injection of the first injectionj1Calculating to obtain the spray penetration distance S of the first variable oil injectiontip,1(t) law of change with time:
Figure FDA0003094325920000038
(13) introducing penetration strengthening coefficient EC and then shrinking coefficient C according to the diameter of the spray holedSpray cross-sectional velocity and volume fraction distribution factor beta, effective orifice diameter deqSpray cone angle theta, effective spray velocity U of the second sprayeff,2(t) and duration of injection tj2And injection end time t3Calculating the spray penetration distance S of the second variable oil injectiontip,2(t) law of change with time:
Figure FDA0003094325920000041
(14) by comparing the penetration distance S of the two sprays at the same timetip,1(t) and Stip,2(t) determining the front end of the multi-injection spray, and selecting the maximum value as the total penetration distance of the multi-injection spray.
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