CN112288710A - Automatic solution method for spray penetration distance and cone angle of marine diesel engine porous spray image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of a porous spray image of a marine diesel engine, which comprises three main processes of porous spray image preprocessing, image denoising and spray macro parameter solving. The image preprocessing process comprises four steps of image cutting, distortion correction, image graying and image binaryzation; the image denoising process comprises four steps of median filtering, island noise removal, peninsula noise removal and image Boolean operation; the image macro parameter solving comprises five steps of porous spray boundary segmentation, spray contour feature identification, spray penetration distance calculation, far-field cone angle calculation and near-field cone angle calculation. The invention solves the problem that the spraying boundary is difficult to accurately identify due to the closer distance between the spray holes in the porous spraying; meanwhile, the problem of dynamic complex change of the spraying background caused by strong shock wave interference is solved. The method realizes the rapid and accurate acquisition of the macroscopic parameters of the porous spray.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an image processing method, in particular to a marine diesel engine spray image processing method.
Background
Diesel engines are the most widely used power machines at present, but the widespread use of internal combustion engines aggravates energy crisis and environmental pollution. The combustion efficiency is improved by optimizing the spraying process, and the method has important significance for improving the overall working condition of the diesel engine and saving energy and reducing emission.
Because the actual diesel engine is porous spraying, the research on the porous spraying characteristic of the diesel engine has important practical significance. However, in the multi-hole injector, due to the limitation of the processing precision of the injection holes and the complex fuel injection working condition, the spraying states of different injection holes of the same injector are different. In the multi-hole spray process, the air entrainment process for each spray is affected not only by the spray pattern of the spray but also by the adjacent spray oil bundles. The phenomenon that air is contended for among different spray oil bundles exists, so that the oil-gas mixing rule in the combustion chamber is obviously different from that of single-hole spraying in the multi-hole spraying process.
Different from single-hole spraying, in an image obtained by a double-optical-path schlieren/shadow method, spraying is distributed in a divergent shape by taking a nozzle as a center, and a plurality of spraying front ends and spraying outlines exist in the image, so that in the parameter identification process, the traditional single-hole spraying image processing algorithm cannot finish the image identification and parameter extraction of multi-hole spraying.
However, for marine diesel engine multi-hole spraying, the existing multi-hole spraying image processing method has the following limitations (1), the larger diameter of the spraying hole and the oil spraying amount, and the higher background gas density cause the diameter of the spraying body to be larger, and the boundary distance between different sprays is smaller due to the more spraying holes and the dense arrangement mode of the spraying holes. Therefore, sectors divided by different sprays are easy to overlap to cause failure in parameter solution; (2) the high-pressure large-flow spray peculiar to the marine diesel engine gives a spray body larger speed and momentum, and the higher background gas density in the combustion chamber greatly reduces the local sound velocity, so that the front end of the spray generates high-strength induced shock waves. The existence of the shock wave not only makes the flow field in the cylinder more complicated, but also changes the static test background into the dynamic background. Simultaneously, the crest and the trough that different shock waves are located can superpose mutually and interfere to produce the whole isolated island that test the field of vision, variation in size, light and shade alternate that is covered with. Due to the existence of the interference factors, the simple binarization operation cannot accurately distinguish the spray from the background; (3) and the existing algorithm selects a certain spray beam in the porous spray beam for analysis, which has larger random error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic solution method for the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of a porous spray image of a marine diesel engine, which can obtain macroscopic parameters such as the penetration distance and the cone angle of the marine diesel engine under a dynamic background condition.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and cone angle of a porous spray image of a marine diesel engine, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) carrying out image preprocessing on the porous spray image: removing invalid black frames in the image by using an image cutting algorithm to obtain a rectangular image without the black frames, wherein the circular test visual field in the rectangle is tangent to the sides of the rectangle, and correcting image distortion caused by light distortion by using a bicubic interpolation algorithm;
(2) carrying out image denoising on the preprocessed porous spray image: removing salt and pepper noise in the background by using a median filtering algorithm, and removing island noise in the image by using an island removing algorithm;
(3) and (3) carrying out macro parameter solution of porous spraying on the denoised image: the method comprises the steps of carrying out region division on different oil bundles of porous spraying to enable the different oil bundles to belong to different regions respectively, carrying out spraying characteristic identification in the respective regions to obtain a spraying body profile, and extracting the distance between each pixel point and a spraying hole and the included angle between any two pixel points on the spraying profile so as to obtain a spraying penetration distance, a spraying far-field cone angle and a spraying near-field cone angle.
The present invention may further comprise:
1. in the process of preprocessing the porous spray image, the RGB image is grayed and converted into a gray image, meanwhile, the threshold value of a spray body and the background in the gray image is determined by the maximum inter-class difference method, and the gray image is subjected to binarization processing.
2. In the island noise removing process, for a preprocessed binary image, defining U' x, y (Gray), which is the pixel depth of any point in the binary image, wherein Gray is 0 or 1, identifying all pixel points of Gray is 0, and obtaining coordinates W (x, y) of the point, wherein the pixel points of Gray is 0 are combined together without gaps to form a black connected domain L (i), and the area of the connected domain is equal to the number of the pixel points forming the connected domain and is expressed as SL (i); on the binary image, defining the area of a connected domain where the oil sprayer is located before spraying as a fixed value Sinj; the spray body is connected with the oil sprayer at the time t after spraying, and the area of a communicating domain where the spray body is located is Sspr + inj (t); the area of a connected domain where any island noise is located is Siland (i), Siland (i) < Sinj < ═ Sspr + inj (t); sequentially judging all connected domains in the image by taking Sinj as a threshold value, and if SL (i) < Sinj exists, judging L (i) as island noise; if there is sl (i) > ═ Sinj, l (i) is determined as the injector or the spray body, and the island noise connected region is set as the background.
3. When the preprocessed porous spray image is subjected to image denoising, image corrosion expansion operation is performed on peninsula noise formed by mutual communication of part of island noise and a spray body, burr-shaped noise of the peninsula and the spray edge is removed, and then static backgrounds of constant volume bomb frame imaging and oil injector body imaging in the image are removed through image Boolean operation.
4. The specific process for removing the burr-shaped noise at the peninsula and the spraying edge comprises the following steps: selecting the pixel length r as a radius, creating a circular structural element SE with the radius and the center of a circle as O, and traversing the center O through all pixel points W (x, y) in the image, wherein O is positioned at the pixel point W1(x1,y1) When the image is processed, all pixel points in the area surrounded by the SE have the same pixel depth, and then the pixel point W is judged1(x1,y1) Not located at the spray boundary, not to W1(x1,y1) Processing the points; if all the pixel points in the region surrounded by the SE have different pixel depths, the pixel point W is judged1(x1,y1) Located on the spray boundary; and adjusting the r value, converting the burr peninsula on the spraying boundary into a background, eliminating peninsula noise burrs on the spraying boundary, and simultaneously not changing the original contour of the spraying.
5. When different oil beams of porous spraying are divided into regions, the central point of an oil sprayer is selected as the origin, the horizontal right direction is used as the X axis to establish an angular coordinate system, different spraying is divided by different angular ranges, two sides of each spraying beam are divided by rays with determined angles, and the included angle of the rays in the clockwise direction of the spraying is set as betaNThe included angle of the ray in the counterclockwise direction is alphaNFor a certain Nth spray, 1<＝N<The number of the spray holes is larger than the angle alpha of the rayNLess than the ray angle betaN。
The invention has the advantages that: the invention solves the problem that the spraying boundary is difficult to accurately identify due to the closer distance between the spray holes in the porous spraying; meanwhile, the problem of dynamic complex change of the spraying background caused by strong shock wave interference is solved. The method realizes the rapid and accurate acquisition of the macroscopic parameters of the porous spraying, and has extremely important value for the experimental research of the porous spraying of the diesel engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to fig. 1, the method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of the porous spray image of the marine diesel engine mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out image preprocessing on the porous spray image according to the light path arrangement characteristics of the double-light path schlieren/shadow method experiment system: firstly, an image cropping algorithm is used for removing an invalid black border in an image, and a rectangular image without the black border is obtained. The circular test field of view in the rectangle is tangent to the sides of the rectangle. And correcting the image distortion caused by the light distortion by utilizing a bicubic interpolation algorithm. In order to better represent the gradient of image characteristics, the RGB image is grayed and converted into a grayscale image. In order to improve the contrast between the spray and the background, the threshold value of the spray body and the background in the gray level image is determined by using the maximum inter-class difference method, and the gray level image is subjected to binarization processing.
(2) Carrying out image denoising on the preprocessed porous spray image: firstly, a median filtering algorithm is used for removing the salt and pepper noise with small area and large quantity in the background. And then removing island noise with large area in the image by utilizing an island removing algorithm. Part of island noise and the spray body are communicated with each other to form peninsula noise, the peninsula noise cannot be removed through a simple island removing algorithm, image corrosion expansion operation needs to be carried out under a proper threshold value condition, and burr-shaped noise at peninsula and spray edges is removed. After the dynamic noise is removed, static backgrounds such as constant volume bomb frame imaging, oil sprayer body imaging and the like in the image are removed by utilizing image Boolean operation.
(3) And (3) carrying out macro parameter solution of porous spraying on the denoised image: firstly, different oil bundles sprayed in a porous mode are divided into different areas, so that the different oil bundles belong to different areas respectively. And then, carrying out spray characteristic identification in respective areas to obtain the spray body profile. And extracting the distance between each pixel point and the spray orifice and the included angle between any two pixel points on the spray profile. Thereby obtaining the spray penetration distance, the spray far field cone angle and the spray near field cone angle.
In the island noise removing process, for the preprocessed binary image, U' x, y (Gray), (Gray-0 or 1) is defined as the pixel depth of any point in the binary image, all pixel points with Gray-0 are identified, and the point coordinates W (x, y) are obtained. A plurality of pixels with Gray ═ 0 are combined together without gaps to form a black connected domain l (i), the area of the connected domain is equal to the number of pixels forming the connected domain, and is denoted by sl (i). On the binary image, defining the area of a connected domain where the oil sprayer is located before spraying as a fixed value Sinj; when the spraying time t (t > ═ 0) is after spraying, the spraying body is connected with the fuel injector, and the area of the communicating region is Sspr + inj (t); the area of the connected domain where any island noise is located is Sisland (i). Wherein, sisland (i) < Sinj ═ Sspr + inj (t).
Sequentially judging all connected domains in the image by taking Sinj as a threshold value, and if SL (i) < Sinj exists, judging L (i) as island noise; if there is sl (i) > ═ Sinj, l (i) is determined as an injector or an aerosol. And then setting the island noise connected domain as a background.
In the process of removing the peninsula noise, a proper pixel length r (r is a smaller value) is selected as a radius, and a circular structural element SE is created by using the radius, wherein the center of the circle is O. And traversing the circle center O to all pixel points W (x, y) in the image. If O is located at a certain pixel point W1(x1,y1) When the image is processed, all pixel points in the area surrounded by the SE have the same pixel depth, and then the pixel point W is judged1(x1,y1) Not located at the spray boundary, not to W1(x1,y1) Processing the points; if all the pixel points in the region surrounded by the SE have different pixel depths, the pixel point W is judged1(x1,y1) Located at the spray boundary. And selecting a proper r value, converting the burr peninsula on the spraying boundary into a background, eliminating peninsula noise burrs on the spraying boundary, and simultaneously not changing the original contour of the spraying.
In the process of dividing the spraying boundary, selecting the central point of the oil sprayer as the original point, establishing an angular coordinate system for the X axis horizontally towards the right, and delimiting different sprays in different angle ranges. Both sides of each spray beam are divided by rays with determined angles, and the included angle of the rays in the clockwise direction of the spray is set as betaNThe included angle of the ray in the counterclockwise direction is alphaN. For the determined Nth (1)<＝N<Number of spray orifices) in an angular interval greater than the ray angle αNLess than the ray angle betaN。
Claims (6)
1. A method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and cone angle of a porous spray image of a marine diesel engine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) carrying out image preprocessing on the porous spray image: removing invalid black frames in the image by using an image cutting algorithm to obtain a rectangular image without the black frames, wherein the circular test visual field in the rectangle is tangent to the sides of the rectangle, and correcting image distortion caused by light distortion by using a bicubic interpolation algorithm;
(2) carrying out image denoising on the preprocessed porous spray image: removing salt and pepper noise in the background by using a median filtering algorithm, and removing island noise in the image by using an island removing algorithm;
(3) and (3) carrying out macro parameter solution of porous spraying on the denoised image: the method comprises the steps of carrying out region division on different oil bundles of porous spraying to enable the different oil bundles to belong to different regions respectively, carrying out spraying characteristic identification in the respective regions to obtain a spraying body profile, and extracting the distance between each pixel point and a spraying hole and the included angle between any two pixel points on the spraying profile so as to obtain a spraying penetration distance, a spraying far-field cone angle and a spraying near-field cone angle.
2. The method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of the multihole spray image of the marine diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the process of preprocessing the porous spray image, the RGB image is grayed and converted into a gray image, meanwhile, the threshold value of a spray body and the background in the gray image is determined by the maximum inter-class difference method, and the gray image is subjected to binarization processing.
3. The method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of the multihole spray image of the marine diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the island noise removing process, for a preprocessed binary image, defining U' x, y (Gray), which is the pixel depth of any point in the binary image, wherein Gray is 0 or 1, identifying all pixel points of Gray is 0, and obtaining coordinates W (x, y) of the point, wherein the pixel points of Gray is 0 are combined together without gaps to form a black connected domain L (i), and the area of the connected domain is equal to the number of the pixel points forming the connected domain and is expressed as SL (i); on the binary image, defining the area of a connected domain where the oil sprayer is located before spraying as a fixed value Sinj; the spray body is connected with the oil sprayer at the time t after spraying, and the area of a communicating domain where the spray body is located is Sspr + inj (t); the area of a connected domain where any island noise is located is Siland (i), Siland (i) < Sinj < ═ Sspr + inj (t); sequentially judging all connected domains in the image by taking Sinj as a threshold value, and if SL (i) < Sinj exists, judging L (i) as island noise; if there is sl (i) > ═ Sinj, l (i) is determined as the injector or the spray body, and the island noise connected region is set as the background.
4. The method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of the multihole spray image of the marine diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the preprocessed porous spray image is subjected to image denoising, image corrosion expansion operation is performed on peninsula noise formed by mutual communication of part of island noise and a spray body, burr-shaped noise of the peninsula and the spray edge is removed, and then static backgrounds of constant volume bomb frame imaging and oil injector body imaging in the image are removed through image Boolean operation.
5. The method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of the multihole spray image of the marine diesel engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific process for removing the burr-shaped noise at the peninsula and the spraying edge comprises the following steps: selecting the pixel length r as a radius, creating a circular structural element SE with the radius and the center of a circle as O, and traversing the center O through all pixel points W (x, y) in the image, wherein O is positioned at the pixel point W1(x1,y1) When the image is processed, all pixel points in the area surrounded by the SE have the same pixel depth, and then the pixel point W is judged1(x1,y1) Not located at the spray boundary, not to W1(x1,y1) Processing the points; if all the pixel points in the region surrounded by the SE have different pixel depths, the pixel point W is judged1(x1,y1) Located on the spray boundary; and adjusting the r value, converting the burr peninsula on the spraying boundary into a background, eliminating peninsula noise burrs on the spraying boundary, and simultaneously not changing the original contour of the spraying.
6. The method for automatically solving the spray penetration distance and the cone angle of the multihole spray image of the marine diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when different oil beams of porous spraying are divided into regions, the central point of an oil sprayer is selected as the origin, the horizontal right direction is used as the X axis to establish an angular coordinate system, different spraying is divided by different angular ranges, two sides of each spraying beam are divided by rays with determined angles, and the included angle of the rays in the clockwise direction of the spraying is set as betaNThe included angle of the ray in the counterclockwise direction is alphaNFor a certain Nth spray, 1<＝N<The number of the spray holes is larger than the angle alpha of the rayNLess than the ray angle betaN。
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| CN118428270A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-08-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Spray jet penetration distance prediction method for gas-liquid two-phase flexible fuel internal combustion engine |
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