CN113217127A - Multistage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating system and method - Google Patents
Multistage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/02—Hot-water central heating systems with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat supply of thermal power generating units, in particular to a multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating system and a method, wherein the system comprises a small steam turbine, a stage heat regeneration system and a heating system, the small steam turbine is used for dragging power equipment and is provided with a steam inlet, a steam exhaust outlet and a plurality of extraction outlets, and the steam inlet is connected with a middle pressure cylinder of a main steam turbine; the grading heat recovery system comprises a condensate pump, a preposed low-pressure heater and a plurality of low-pressure heaters which are sequentially communicated; the heating system comprises a heat supply network circulating water pump, a heat supply network condenser, a plurality of steam extraction heaters and a heat supply network heater which are sequentially communicated; wherein, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with a preposed low-pressure heater or a heat network condenser, and the steam extraction outlet is correspondingly connected with the low-pressure heater and the steam extraction heater one by one. The system not only provides dragging power for power equipment, but also simultaneously realizes heating in winter and regenerative heating of condensed water of the main turbine in summer, and performs full-cycle utilization on the exhaust waste heat of the small turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat supply of thermal power generating units, in particular to a multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating system and method.
Background
The cogeneration is an important means for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction which is recognized at home and abroad. However, a straight condensing thermal power generating unit is rapidly developed, the installed capacity is seriously excessive, the central heating of the cogeneration is seriously insufficient, and the proportion of the central heating in the national heating is less than 1/3. In order to accelerate the development of cogeneration, the resource allocation of the existing thermal power generating unit needs to be further optimized, the social benefit of the existing thermal power generating equipment is brought into play, and the heat supply transformation is carried out on the existing pure condensation thermal power generating unit. If the traditional medium pressure cylinder steam exhaust and heat supply transformation technology is adopted to carry out heat supply transformation on the pure condensation thermal power generating unit, compared with a cogeneration unit, the heat supply steam parameter of the pure condensation thermal power generating unit after heat supply transformation is relatively higher, and larger energy waste can be formed by directly adopting high-parameter steam extraction and heat supply.
Because main power equipment of a power plant needs to continuously operate, only continuous and stable industrial steam supply heat load is suitable for a back pressure type small steam turbine heating system at present. The waste steam of the small steam turbine is used as part of heat source for heating residents, so that heat supply parameters can be effectively reduced, but the resident heating changes obviously along with seasons and has discontinuous demands (summer), so that the common back pressure type small steam turbine heat supply system is not applied to the resident heating. Now, a new system needs to be researched, which can meet the continuous dragging of power plant power equipment and the heating and heat supplying requirements of seasonal residents, so as to promote energy conservation, create greater social and environmental benefits and promote the continuous development of the cogeneration field.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention mainly aims to provide a multistage steam extraction back pressure type fractional heat recovery and heating system for a small steam turbine, and aims to solve the problem that the continuous dragging of the power plant power equipment and the seasonal heating and heating requirements of residents cannot be met simultaneously.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat recovery and heating system of the present invention comprises:
the small steam turbine is used for dragging power equipment and is provided with a steam inlet, a steam exhaust outlet and a plurality of steam extraction outlets, and the steam inlet can be connected with a medium pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine;
the grading heat recovery system comprises a condensate pump, a preposed low-pressure heater and a plurality of low-pressure heaters which are sequentially communicated;
the heating system comprises a heat supply network circulating water pump, a heat supply network condenser, a plurality of steam extraction heaters and a heat supply network heater which are sequentially communicated;
the controller is respectively connected with the small steam turbine, the condensate pump, the preposed low-pressure heater, the heat supply network circulating water pump, the heat supply network condenser, the steam extraction heater and the heat supply network heater;
the steam extraction outlet is connected with the front low-pressure heater or the heat supply network condenser, the steam extraction outlet is connected with the low-pressure heaters in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the low-pressure heaters can be connected with the low-pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine respectively.
Preferably, the exhaust steam outlet is provided with an exhaust steam main pipe, the tail end of the exhaust steam main pipe is branched to form a first exhaust steam branch pipe and a second exhaust steam branch pipe, the first exhaust steam branch pipe is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater, and the second exhaust steam branch pipe is connected with the heat supply network condenser; the main exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust main valve, the first exhaust branch pipe is provided with a first exhaust branch valve, and the second exhaust branch pipe is provided with a second exhaust branch valve.
Preferably, the plurality of steam extraction outlets comprise a first steam extraction outlet and a second steam extraction outlet, and the first steam extraction outlet is provided with a first steam extraction main pipe and a first steam extraction branch pipe branching from the first steam extraction main pipe; the second steam extraction outlet is provided with a second steam extraction main pipe and a second steam extraction branch pipe which branches from the second steam extraction main pipe; the plurality of low pressure heaters includes a first low pressure heater and a second low pressure heater; the plurality of extraction heaters include a first extraction heater and a second extraction heater.
The first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first low-pressure heater through a first steam extraction main pipe, and a first steam extraction main valve is arranged on the first steam extraction main pipe;
the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first steam extraction heater through a first steam extraction branch pipe, and a first steam extraction branch valve is arranged on the first steam extraction branch pipe;
the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second low-pressure heater through a second steam extraction main pipe, and a second steam extraction main valve is arranged on the second steam extraction main pipe;
the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second steam extraction heater through a second steam extraction branch pipe, and a second steam extraction branch valve is arranged on the second steam extraction branch pipe.
Preferably, the controller is connected to the first main steam extraction valve, the first branch steam extraction valve, the second main steam extraction valve, and the second branch steam extraction valve, respectively.
Preferably, the staged regenerative system further comprises a third low pressure heater in communication with the second low pressure heater.
Preferably, the low-pressure heater can be connected with a low-pressure cylinder of the main turbine through a low-pressure heat inlet pipe, and a low-pressure heat inlet valve is arranged on the low-pressure heat inlet pipe.
Preferably, the back pressure and exhaust pressure value of the exhaust outlet is 10-80 kPa.
Preferably, the power equipment is a fan, a water pump or a generator.
Preferably, the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder of the main turbine are communicated through a first steam pipeline, and the intermediate pressure cylinder and the steam inlet of the main turbine are communicated through a second steam pipeline; and a first steam valve is arranged on the first steam pipeline, and a second steam valve is arranged on the second steam pipeline.
Further, the invention also provides a multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating method which is implemented based on the multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating system, and the method comprises the following steps: when the room temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the exhaust steam outlet is connected with the heat supply network condenser, the first exhaust steam outlet is connected with the first exhaust steam heater or the first low-pressure heater, the second exhaust steam outlet is connected with the second exhaust steam heater or the second low-pressure heater, and the steam quantity of the exhaust steam outlet is adjusted to adjust the steam flow entering the heat supply network condenser and heat the heat supply network circulating water in the heating system; when the room temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater, the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first low-pressure heater, the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second low-pressure heater, and the steam quantity of the steam extraction outlet is adjusted to adjust the steam flow entering the preposed low-pressure heater and heat the condensed water in the grading heat regeneration system; the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine is provided with a steam exhaust outlet and a plurality of steam extraction outlets, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with a front low-pressure heater in summer and connected with a heat supply network condenser in winter, the purpose of externally heating in winter and preheating condensed water of a main steam turbine in summer can be achieved simultaneously, and an effective way is provided for adapting to resident heating heat load of a back pressure type small steam turbine heating system. The structure of a plurality of steam extraction outlets can effectively adjust the steam discharge of the small steam turbine while ensuring that the power equipment is dragged, so that on one hand, the heating load of residents in winter can be properly adjusted, on the other hand, the steam discharge parameters of the small steam turbine in summer can be controlled, and the steam discharge parameters of the small steam turbine entering the front low-pressure heater are lower than the tail-end steam extraction parameters, so that the proportion of converting steam heat energy into mechanical energy is increased.
When the heating system is switched to in winter, the heat supply network circulating water in the heating system firstly enters the heat supply network steam condenser and then enters the steam extraction heater and the heat supply network heater, thereby effectively recovering the waste heat of the steam extraction and steam extraction of the small steam turbine, realizing the series heating of the low-level energy and the high-level energy, reducing the average parameter of the heating steam, and reducing the heating process
Loss, so that the gradient utilization of heat energy is more scientific and reasonable, and the aim of greatly saving energy is fulfilled; when the main steam turbine is switched to a grading regenerative system for heating condensed water of the main steam turbine in summer, the condensed water of the main steam turbine firstly enters the preposed low-pressure heater and then enters the low-pressure heater of the original main steam turbine taking steam of the small steam turbine as a part of heat source, the waste heat of the exhausted steam of the small steam turbine is recovered, the regenerative steam parameter of the low-pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine is effectively reduced, the low-pressure regenerative steam quantity of the main steam turbine of the power plant is increased, the cold source loss of the whole steam turbine unit is effectively reduced, and the energy-saving target is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage heat recovery and heating system.
[ description of reference ]
1: a heat supply network circulating water pump; 2: a heat supply network condenser; 3: a second exhaust steam distributing valve; 4: a first steam extraction heater; 5: a second extraction heater; 6: a condensate pump; 7: a pre-low pressure heater; 8: a first low pressure heater; 9: a second low pressure heater; 10: a third low pressure heater; 11: a first exhaust steam distributing valve; 12: a second main steam extraction valve; 13: a first main steam extraction valve; 14: a small steam turbine; 15: a power plant; 16: a second steam valve; 17: a main exhaust valve; 18: a low pressure heat inlet valve; 19: a first steam valve; 20: a first steam extraction branch valve; 21: a second steam extraction branch valve; 22: a heat supply network heater;
and (3) LP: a low pressure cylinder; IP: an intermediate pressure cylinder; HP: and a high pressure cylinder.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, descriptions related to "first", "second", and the like in the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit ly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stepped backheating and heating system, which comprises a small steam turbine 14, a stepped backheating system and a heating system, wherein the small steam turbine 14 is used for dragging a power device 15, the small steam turbine 14 is provided with a steam inlet, a steam exhaust outlet and a plurality of extraction outlets, and the steam inlet can be connected with an intermediate pressure cylinder IP of a main steam turbine; the grading heat return system comprises a condensate pump 6, a preposed low-pressure heater 7 and a plurality of low-pressure heaters which are sequentially communicated; the heating system comprises a heat supply network circulating water pump 1, a heat supply network condenser 2, a plurality of steam extraction heaters and a heat supply network heater which are sequentially communicated; the controller is respectively connected with the small steam turbine 14, the condensate pump 6, the preposed low-pressure heater 7, the low-pressure heater, the heat supply network circulating water pump 1, the heat supply network condenser 2, the steam extraction heater and the heat supply network heater (can be in circuit connection or signal connection), so that the working state of each device can be conveniently controlled according to actual requirements; the steam exhaust outlet is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater 7 or the heat network condenser 2, the steam extraction outlet is correspondingly connected with the low-pressure heater or the steam extraction heater one by one, and the low-pressure heaters can be respectively connected with the low-pressure cylinder LP of the main steam turbine.
Wherein, the small turbine 14 can be a back pressure small turbine. The main steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder HP, an intermediate-pressure cylinder IP and a low-pressure cylinder LP, wherein a steam exhaust outlet of the high-pressure cylinder HP is connected with a steam inlet of the intermediate-pressure cylinder IP, and a steam exhaust outlet of the intermediate-pressure cylinder IP is connected with a steam inlet of the low-pressure cylinder LP through a pipeline, so that the energy is fully utilized. Specifically, the intermediate pressure cylinder IP and the low pressure cylinder LP of the main turbine are communicated through a first steam pipeline, and the intermediate pressure cylinder IP and the steam inlet of the main turbine are communicated through a second steam pipeline; the first steam pipeline is provided with a first steam valve 19, and the second steam pipeline is provided with a second steam valve 16. In actual operation, the amount of steam entering the low pressure cylinder LP and the small steam turbine 14 can be adjusted according to the demand by the first steam valve 19 and the second steam valve 16.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the low-pressure heater utilizes the steam which does partial work in the steam turbine to be pumped into the heater to heat the feed water, thereby improving the temperature of the feed water, reducing the steam quantity discharged from the steam turbine to the steam condenser, reducing the energy loss and improving the cycle efficiency of the thermodynamic system. The heat supply network condenser is a heat exchanger for condensing the exhaust steam of a steam turbine into water, is also called a water re-heater, is mainly used in a steam turbine power device, condenses the exhaust steam of the steam turbine into water for a boiler to reuse, and can establish vacuum and maintain the vacuum at the exhaust steam part of the steam turbine.
The multistage extraction back-pressure small steam turbine 14 is provided with a steam exhaust outlet and a plurality of steam extraction outlets, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with the front low-pressure heater 7 in summer and connected with the heat supply network condenser 2 in winter, the purposes of externally heating in winter and preheating condensed water of the main steam turbine in summer can be simultaneously realized, and an effective way is provided for adapting a heating system of the back-pressure small steam turbine 14 to heating heat loads of residents. The structure of a plurality of steam extraction outlets can effectively adjust the steam discharge of the small steam turbine 14 while ensuring that the power equipment 15 is dragged, so that on one hand, the heating heat load of residents in winter can be properly adjusted, and on the other hand, the steam discharge parameters of the small steam turbine 14 in summer can be controlled, so that the steam discharge parameters of the small steam turbine 14 entering the preposed low-pressure heater 7 are lower than the tail-end steam extraction parameters of the low-pressure cylinder LP, and the proportion of converting steam heat energy into mechanical energy is increased.
When the heating system is switched to in winter, the heat supply network circulating water in the heating system firstly enters the heat supply network steam condenser 2 and then enters the steam extraction heater and the heat supply network heater, thereby effectively recycling the waste heat of the exhaust steam of the small steam turbine 14, realizing the series heating of low-level energy and high-level energy, reducing the average parameter of the heating steam, and reducing the heating process
The loss makes the gradient utilization of heat energy more scientific and reasonable, and realizes the aim of greatly saving energy. When the system is switched to a graded regenerative system for heating condensed water of a main steam turbine in summer, the condensed water of the main steam turbine firstly enters the preposed low-pressure heater 7 and then enters the low-pressure heater of the original main steam turbine taking steam extracted by the small steam turbine 14 as part of heat source, the waste heat of the exhausted steam of the small steam turbine 14 is recovered, the LP regenerative steam parameter of the low-pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine is effectively reduced, the low-pressure regenerative steam quantity of the main steam turbine of a power plant is increased, the cold source loss of the whole steam turbine unit is effectively reduced, and the energy-saving aim is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1 again, the exhaust outlet is provided with an exhaust main pipe, the tail end of the exhaust main pipe is branched to form a first exhaust branch pipe and a second exhaust branch pipe, the first exhaust branch pipe is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater 7, and the second exhaust branch pipe is connected with the heat supply network condenser 2; the main exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust main valve 17, the first exhaust branch pipe is provided with a first exhaust branch valve 11, and the second exhaust branch pipe is provided with a second exhaust branch valve 3. The opening and closing of the first steam exhaust branch valve 11 and the second steam exhaust branch valve 3 are switched, so that the steam exhaust object of the steam exhaust outlet can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and efficient utilization of energy is achieved. Wherein, the back pressure exhaust pressure value of the exhaust outlet can be 10-80 kPa.
Specifically, the second steam exhaust branch valve 3 is opened in winter, the steam exhaust outlet of the small steam turbine 14 is connected with the heat supply network condenser 2, and the heat supply network circulating water is pressurized by the heat supply network circulating water pump 1, then sequentially enters the heat supply network condenser 2, the first steam extraction heater 4, the second steam extraction heater 5 and the heat supply network heater 22 taking other steam as heat sources, and finally is output to a user for heat supply. The cascade heating system can completely recover the waste heat of the exhaust steam (dead steam) of the small steam turbine 14, effectively reduce the average parameter of the heat supply extraction steam and ensure that the heating system
The efficiency is greatly improved.
In summer, the first exhaust steam distributing valve 11 is opened, the exhaust steam outlet of the small steam turbine 14 is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater 7, and the preposed low-pressure heater 7 is arranged between the condensate pump 6 and the first low-pressure heater 8. The exhaust steam volume of the small steam turbine entering the front low-pressure heater 7 is flexibly adjusted by adjusting the opening degrees of the main exhaust steam valve 17 and the first exhaust steam branch valve 11, so that the exhaust steam pressure of the small steam turbine 14 is lower than the extraction steam pressure of the tail section of the main steam turbine, and the energy-saving purpose is realized. The condensed water of the main turbine is preheated by adopting the exhaust steam of the small turbine 14 before the first low-pressure heater 8, thereby effectively reducing the cold source loss of the whole turbine set and increasing the low-pressure regenerative steam quantity of the main turbine. The preposed low-pressure heater 7 can ensure that the summer operation back pressure of the small steam turbine 14 is lower than the tail-end steam extraction pressure of the main steam turbine of the power plant, thereby realizing that the steam exhaust enthalpy value of the small steam turbine 14 is lower than the tail-end steam extraction enthalpy value of the main steam turbine of the power plant, reducing the tail-end steam extraction amount with higher pressure in a low-pressure heat-extraction system, increasing the steam amount of the low-pressure cylinder LP for doing work, reducing the cold source loss of the whole steam turbine unit and realizing the purpose of energy conservation.
Wherein the plurality of steam extraction outlets may include a first steam extraction outlet and a second steam extraction outlet, and the plurality of low pressure heaters may include a first low pressure heater 8 and a second low pressure heater 9; the first steam extraction outlet is provided with a first steam extraction main pipe and a first steam extraction branch pipe which branches from the first steam extraction main pipe; the second steam extraction outlet is provided with a second steam extraction main pipe and a second steam extraction branch pipe which branches from the second steam extraction main pipe; the plurality of extraction heaters includes a first extraction heater 4 and a second extraction heater 5.
The first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first low-pressure heater 8 through a first steam extraction main pipe, a first steam extraction main valve 13 is arranged on the first steam extraction main pipe, the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first steam extraction heater 4 through a first steam extraction branch pipe, and a first steam extraction branch valve 20 is arranged on the first steam extraction branch pipe. The second steam extraction outlet is connected with a second low-pressure heater 9 through a second steam extraction main pipe, a second steam extraction main valve 12 is arranged on the second steam extraction main pipe, the second steam extraction outlet is connected with a second steam extraction heater 5 through a second steam extraction branch pipe, and a second steam extraction branch valve 21 is arranged on the second steam extraction branch pipe. The extracted steam of the small steam turbine 14 is sent to the first extracted steam heater 4 and the second extracted steam heater 5 through the first extracted steam branch pipe and the second extracted steam branch pipe respectively, so that the heating effect in winter can be further improved, and the utilization efficiency of the extracted steam of the small steam turbine 14 can also be improved. The controller is connected with the first main steam extraction valve 13, the first steam extraction branch valve 20, the second main steam extraction valve 12 and the second steam extraction branch valve 21, so that the steam quantity in each pipeline can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions.
Furthermore, the first low-pressure heater 8 and the second low-pressure heater 9 are both connected to the extraction outlet of the small turbine 14 and to the low-pressure cylinder LP of the main turbine. That is, the heating steam of the first low-pressure heater 8 is composed of the last extraction steam of the small turbine 14 and the last extraction steam of the main turbine, and so on, the multistage extraction steam of the small turbine 14 is respectively used as a part of heat sources of the low-pressure heaters of the plurality of main turbines. The front low-pressure heater 7 is connected with the low-pressure heaters of the main steam turbines in a cascade mode to jointly form a grading heat regeneration system, so that the purposes of recovering waste heat of the small steam turbine 14 and reducing low-pressure cylinder LP (low-pressure) heat regeneration steam parameters of the main steam turbines are achieved, the low-pressure heat regeneration steam quantity of the main steam turbines of the power plant is increased, and the cold source loss of the whole steam turbine unit is effectively reduced. And the steam quantity in each low-pressure heater can be adjusted through the matching of the first steam extraction main valve 13 and the second steam extraction main valve 12, so that the optimization of the steam quantity distribution is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved as much as possible. In other embodiments, the small steam turbine 14 may be provided with a third extraction outlet, or even a fourth extraction outlet, as desired.
In addition, the staged regenerative system further includes a third low pressure heater 10 in communication with the second low pressure heater 9. The heating steam of the third low pressure heater 10 is supplied by the steam extraction from the front stage of the main turbine, so that the condensed water that has been subjected to multistage heating can be further heated and warmed up for reuse. Each low-pressure heater can be connected with a low-pressure cylinder LP of the main turbine through a low-pressure heat inlet pipe, and each low-pressure heat inlet pipe is provided with a low-pressure heat inlet valve 18 for adjusting the amount of steam entering the low-pressure heater from the low-pressure cylinder LP.
In the above embodiment, the power plant 15 may be a main auxiliary machine of a power plant such as a fan or a water pump or a service power generator. The small steam turbine 14 converts high-grade heat energy of steam into power mechanical energy to power equipment 15, a steam exhaust outlet is connected with the heat supply network condenser 2 in winter, the preposed low-pressure heater 7 is connected in summer, and switching in different seasons is carried out through a switching valve.
It should be noted that in all the above embodiments, each valve may be a solenoid valve or an electric valve. Each valve is connected with the controller of the steam turbine set, so that the operation state of the steam turbine set can be conveniently controlled by an operator.
In addition, the invention also provides a multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage regenerative and heating method which is implemented based on the multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine stage regenerative and heating system, and the method comprises the following steps: when the room temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with the heat supply network condenser 2, the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first steam extraction heater 4 or the first low-pressure heater 8, the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second steam extraction heater 5 or the second low-pressure heater 9, and the steam quantity of the steam extraction outlet is adjusted to adjust the steam flow entering the heat supply network condenser 2, the first steam extraction heater 4 or the second steam extraction heater 5 so as to heat the heat supply network circulating water in the heating system; when the room temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater 7, the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first low-pressure heater 8, the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second low-pressure heater 9, and the steam quantity of the steam extraction outlet is adjusted to adjust the steam flow entering the preposed low-pressure heater 7, the first low-pressure heater 8 or the second low-pressure heater 9 so as to heat the condensed water in the grading regenerative system; the second predetermined temperature is higher than the first predetermined temperature. Wherein the first preset temperature can be 10-15 ℃, and the second preset temperature can be 15-20 ℃. The above method has the full effect of the above system, and is not repeated here.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below based on the system structure shown in fig. 1 and with reference to a specific use case.
For a certain 600MW supercritical air cooling unit, if a multistage extraction back pressure type small turbine stage backheating and heating system is adopted, the small turbine 14 in the system is used for driving a fan, and the average steam inlet parameter (the main steam amount is measured according to 75% THA steam inlet amount) of the small turbine 14 is as follows: the pressure is about 0.753MPa, the temperature is about 377 ℃, the required steam is about 50.1t/h, the steam extraction entering the first low-pressure heater 8 is about 3t/h, the steam extraction entering the second low-pressure heater 9 is about 3t/h, the steam exhaust of the small steam turbine 14 is about 44.1t/h, the shaft power of the steam converted in the turbine is about 7861kW, the steam exhaust enthalpy of the small steam turbine 14 after work is done is 2619.6kJ/kg, the steam exhaust pressure of the small steam turbine 14 is 22kPa, the heat supply amount to the heat supply network per hour is about 104.0GJ, the cold source loss per hour of the unit (average back pressure in winter is 10kPa) is about 1942.4GJ, the power generation load of the unit is 465.809MW, and the power supply load of the unit is 449.800MW (the power consumption rate under the pure condensing condition is 5 percent). When the main steam quantity of the main steam turbine of the power plant is the same and the heat supply quantity of the unit is the same, compared with the technology of adopting the medium-pressure cylinder steam exhaust heat supply, after the small steam turbine with the multistage steam extraction back pressure type is adopted for the stage heat regeneration and heating system, the power supply load increased by the unit is about 6.769MW, the cold source loss reduced by the unit per hour is about 23.3GJ, and the service power rate in winter can be reduced by 1.65%.
In summer, the average steam inlet parameters (main steam flow measured as 75% THA admission) for the small turbine 14 are: the pressure is about 0.753MPa, the temperature is about 377 ℃, the required steam is about 58.3t/h, the steam extraction entering the first low-pressure heater 8 is about 5t/h, the steam extraction entering the second low-pressure heater 9 is about 5t/h, the steam exhaust of the small steam turbine 14 is about 48.3t/h, the shaft power converted by the steam in the turbine is about 7861kW, the power generation load of the unit is 456.293MW, and the power supply load of the unit is 440.284 MW; compared with a pure condensing working condition (15 kPa backpressure in summer), the power supply load of the unit is increased by 2.03MW, the cold source loss of the unit is reduced by 7.4GJ/h, and the plant power consumption rate of the unit can be reduced by about 1.59%.
After the multistage extraction back pressure type small steam turbine is adopted for the stage backheating and heating system, compared with a heating unit before modification, 8682 tons of standard coal can be saved in total every year, and the energy-saving benefit is obvious. The system solves the problem that the heat supply of a common back pressure type small steam turbine is not suitable for resident heating, not only provides dragging power for the power equipment 15, but also realizes heating in winter and regenerative heating in summer for condensing water of the main steam turbine, and carries out full-cycle utilization on the exhaust waste heat of the small steam turbine 14.
It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the invention is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the invention and to implement the invention, but the invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such alterations and modifications are included in the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multistage extraction back pressure type little steam turbine is regenerative and heating system in grades which characterized in that, it includes:
the small steam turbine is used for dragging power equipment and is provided with a steam inlet, a steam exhaust outlet and a plurality of steam extraction outlets, and the steam inlet is connected with a medium pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine;
the grading heat recovery system comprises a condensate pump, a preposed low-pressure heater and a plurality of low-pressure heaters which are sequentially communicated;
the heating system comprises a heat supply network circulating water pump, a heat supply network condenser, a plurality of steam extraction heaters and a heat supply network heater which are sequentially communicated;
the controller is respectively connected with the small steam turbine, the condensate pump, the preposed low-pressure heater, the heat supply network circulating water pump, the heat supply network condenser, the steam extraction heater and the heat supply network heater;
the steam extraction outlet is connected with the front low-pressure heater or the heat supply network condenser, the steam extraction outlet is connected with the low-pressure heaters in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the low-pressure heaters can be connected with the low-pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine respectively.
2. The staged heat recovery and heating system for a multi-stage extraction back pressure turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the exhaust steam outlet is provided with an exhaust main pipe, the tail end of the exhaust main pipe is branched into a first exhaust branch pipe and a second exhaust branch pipe, the first exhaust branch pipe is connected with the preposed low-pressure heater, and the second exhaust branch pipe is connected with the heat supply network condenser; the main exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust main valve, the first exhaust branch pipe is provided with a first exhaust branch valve, and the second exhaust branch pipe is provided with a second exhaust branch valve.
3. The staged backheating and heating system for a multi-stage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the plurality of steam extraction outlets comprise a first steam extraction outlet and a second steam extraction outlet, and the first steam extraction outlet is provided with a first steam extraction main pipe and a first steam extraction branch pipe which branches from the first steam extraction main pipe; the second steam extraction outlet is provided with a second steam extraction main pipe and a second steam extraction branch pipe which branches from the second steam extraction main pipe; the plurality of low pressure heaters includes a first low pressure heater and a second low pressure heater; the plurality of extraction heaters comprise a first extraction heater and a second extraction heater;
the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first low-pressure heater through a first steam extraction main pipe, and a first steam extraction main valve is arranged on the first steam extraction main pipe;
the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first steam extraction heater through a first steam extraction branch pipe, and a first steam extraction branch valve is arranged on the first steam extraction branch pipe;
the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second low-pressure heater through a second steam extraction main pipe, and a second steam extraction main valve is arranged on the second steam extraction main pipe;
the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second steam extraction heater through a second steam extraction branch pipe, and a second steam extraction branch valve is arranged on the second steam extraction branch pipe.
4. The staged heat recovery and heating system for a multi-stage extraction back pressure turbine as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the controller is respectively connected with the first main steam extraction valve, the first steam extraction branch valve, the second main steam extraction valve and the second steam extraction branch valve.
5. The staged heat recovery and heating system for a multi-stage extraction back pressure turbine as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the staged regenerative system also includes a third low pressure heater in communication with the second low pressure heater.
6. The staged backheating and heating system for a multi-stage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the low-pressure heater can be connected with a low-pressure cylinder of the main turbine through a low-pressure heat inlet pipe, and a low-pressure heat inlet valve is arranged on the low-pressure heat inlet pipe.
7. The staged backheating and heating system for a multi-stage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and the back pressure steam exhaust pressure value of the steam exhaust outlet is 10-80 kPa.
8. The staged backheating and heating system for a multi-stage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the power equipment is a fan, a water pump or a generator.
9. The staged backheating and heating system for a multi-stage steam extraction back pressure type small steam turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the intermediate pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine is communicated with the low pressure cylinder through a first steam pipeline, and the intermediate pressure cylinder of the main steam turbine is communicated with the steam inlet through a second steam pipeline; and a first steam valve is arranged on the first steam pipeline, and a second steam valve is arranged on the second steam pipeline.
10. A multistage extraction back-pressure small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating method, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the multistage extraction back-pressure small steam turbine stage heat regeneration and heating system of any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: when the room temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the exhaust steam outlet is connected with the heat supply network condenser, the first exhaust steam outlet is connected with the first exhaust steam heater or the first low-pressure heater, the second exhaust steam outlet is connected with the second exhaust steam heater or the second low-pressure heater, and the steam quantity of the exhaust steam outlet is adjusted to adjust the steam flow entering the heat supply network condenser and heat the heat supply network circulating water in the heating system; when the room temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, the steam exhaust outlet is connected with the front low-pressure heater, the first steam extraction outlet is connected with the first low-pressure heater, the second steam extraction outlet is connected with the second low-pressure heater, and the steam quantity of the steam extraction outlet is adjusted to adjust the steam flow entering the front low-pressure heater and heat the condensed water in the grading regenerative system; the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.
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