CN113215674A - Nanofiber, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nanofiber, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113215674A CN113215674A CN202110717570.2A CN202110717570A CN113215674A CN 113215674 A CN113215674 A CN 113215674A CN 202110717570 A CN202110717570 A CN 202110717570A CN 113215674 A CN113215674 A CN 113215674A
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- nanofiber
- polylactic acid
- split
- rosin
- fiber
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/046—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with synthetic macromolecular fibrous material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/94—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of other polycondensation products
Abstract
The invention relates to a nanofiber, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The invention provides a preparation method of nano-fibers, which comprises the steps of taking any one of polylactic acid, polypropylene and polyurethane as a main material and rosin as an auxiliary agent, carrying out melt spinning to obtain fiber precursors, and drafting the fiber precursors to obtain split nano-fibers with the diameter range of 100-500 nm. Compared with the prior art, the preparation process of the nanofiber is simplified to a great extent, the whole nanofiber processing process does not use an organic solvent or a complex spinning assembly, the nanofiber processing method is efficient and clean, low in energy consumption, green and environment-friendly, greatly saves the production cost, and has certain popularization. The split-type nanofiber prepared by the method has huge application potential in the aspects of daily chemical industry, composite materials, textiles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nanofiber, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of textiles.
Background
The nanofiber has a plurality of excellent characteristics by virtue of the characteristics of small fineness and high specific surface area under the condition of inheriting the physical and chemical properties of the conventional size fiber. Compared with the conventional fiber with micron-level fineness, the yarn composed of the nanofiber has higher strength. The smaller the fiber diameter is, the smaller the bending rigidity index is, so that the fabric made of the yarn consisting of the nano fibers has the advantages of soft hand feeling, better drapability and the like in terms of wearability. The higher specific surface area of the nanofibers, when used in industrial textiles, imparts superior surface properties, such as higher water or oil absorption.
At present, the preparation method of nanofibers (such as nano polylactic acid fibers) mainly includes self-assembly, centrifugal spinning, electrostatic spinning, template synthesis, stretching, and the like. The methods usually need to use organic solvents, and most of the methods have the defects of high requirements on materials or solvents, high preparation energy consumption, insecurity, environmental friendliness and the like. If centrifugal spinning needs to adopt a single solvent with high vapor pressure or two solvents with large volatility difference to dissolve polymers, the strong volatility of the solvent on the surface of jet flow is utilized to generate temperature difference inside and outside the jet flow, and further the generation of thermally induced phase separation effect is promoted (preparation and performance research of Pythagon. centrifugal spinning polylactic acid nano fiber [ D ]. Zhejiang university of science and technology, 2018).
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ] to provide a method for producing a semiconductor device
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: on the premise of not using organic solvent and special spinning components, the preparation method of the nanofiber suitable for polylactic acid, polypropylene and polyurethane is simple in process, economical and feasible.
[ technical solution ] A
In order to solve the problems, the technical idea of the invention is as follows: the preparation method comprises the steps of taking any one of polylactic acid, polypropylene and polyurethane as a main material, taking rosin as an auxiliary agent, carrying out melt spinning by using a double-screw extruder (at a specific temperature), preparing fiber precursor by using a conventional spinning assembly and a spinneret plate (without using a special spinning assembly and a special spinneret plate), and carrying out drafting treatment on the fiber precursor to promote longitudinal combing and breaking of the fiber precursor, thereby obtaining the nanofiber.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of nano-fiber, which comprises the steps of carrying out melt spinning by taking any one of polylactic acid, polypropylene and polyurethane as a main material and rosin as an auxiliary agent to obtain fiber precursor, and then drafting the fiber precursor to obtain split nano-fiber with the diameter range of 100nm-500 nm.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the rosin is a general rosin or a rosin derivative.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the rosin derivative is specifically a polymerized rosin or a hydrogenated rosin.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the rosin is a polymerized rosin; the mass of the polymerized rosin is 1-40% of the total mass of the main material and the auxiliary agent, and preferably 10-40%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the melt spinning temperature is 170 to 200 ℃. Preferably 180-190 ℃.
As an embodiment of the invention, the melt spinning is realized by a double-screw extruder, and the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is controlled to be 50-300 r/min.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a drying step is further included before the melt spinning step of the main material and the auxiliary.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying temperature is 50 to 90 ℃. Preferably 50 ℃ to 70 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying time is 3 to 5 hours.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fiber precursor passes through a collecting device before the drafting treatment, and the rotating speed of the collecting device is 100-1500 r/min.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the split nanofiber prepared by the method.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the splinter type nanofiber in daily chemical industry, composite materials and textile.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a composite material using the split nanofibers as reinforcement in the composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the nanofiber can be obtained by mixing a main material (such as polylactic acid) and an auxiliary agent (such as polymerized rosin), performing melt spinning, and drawing to promote longitudinal combing of fiber strands. Compared with the prior art, the method greatly simplifies the preparation process of the nanofiber, does not use organic solvent or complex spinning components in the whole nanofiber processing process, is efficient and clean, low in energy consumption, green and environment-friendly, greatly saves the production cost, and has certain popularization.
(2) The rosin serving as an auxiliary agent is natural in source and has good compatibility, durability and oxidation resistance; the main material can be renewable and degradable to synthesize the high-molecular polylactic acid, has sufficient raw material sources and good biodegradability, can be completely degraded into water and carbon dioxide, and cannot pollute the environment.
(3) The split-type nanofiber prepared by the method has huge application potential in the aspects of daily chemical industry, composite materials, textiles and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of a single polylactic acid and a split type nano polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a TG curve diagram of split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a DTG graph of split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an XRD graph of the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1
Four parts of mixed powder (homogeneously mixed) of polymerized rosin and polylactic acid were prepared, wherein the ratio of the mass of polymerized rosin to the mass of mixed powder was 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. Drying the mixed powder in an oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, then respectively adding the dried mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, and carrying out melt spinning at 180 ℃: controlling the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder to be 100r/min to obtain the polylactic acid fiber precursor. The polylactic acid fiber precursor is sequentially subjected to drafting treatment by a drafting device and a collecting device (the collecting device is a collecting roller and is used for collecting the fiber), and the split type nano polylactic acid fiber is obtained. Wherein, the rotating speed of the collecting device is controlled to be 1300 r/min. The controlled draft parameters were: the draft multiple is 1.1, and the rotating speed is 20 r/min.
Collecting to obtain the splinter type nano polylactic acid fiber.
Example 2
Four parts of mixed powder (homogeneously mixed) of polymerized rosin and polylactic acid were prepared, wherein the ratio of the mass of polymerized rosin to the mass of mixed powder was 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. Drying the mixed powder in an oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, then respectively adding the dried mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, and carrying out melt spinning at 190 ℃: and controlling the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder to be 100r/min to obtain the polylactic acid fiber precursor. The polylactic acid fiber precursor is sequentially subjected to drafting treatment by a drafting device and a collecting device (the collecting device is a collecting roller and is used for collecting the fiber), and the split type nano polylactic acid fiber is obtained. Wherein, the rotating speed of the collecting device is controlled to be 1300 r/min. The controlled draft parameters were: the draft multiple is 1.1, and the rotating speed is 20 r/min.
Example 3
Four parts of mixed powder (uniformly mixed) of common rosin and polylactic acid are prepared, wherein the mass ratios of the common rosin to the mass of the mixed powder are respectively 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Drying the mixed powder in an oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, then respectively adding the dried mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, and carrying out melt spinning at 190 ℃: and controlling the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder to be 100r/min to obtain the polylactic acid fiber precursor. The polylactic acid fiber precursor is sequentially subjected to drafting treatment by a drafting device and a collecting device (the collecting device is a collecting roller and is used for collecting the fiber), and the split type nano polylactic acid fiber is obtained. Wherein, the rotating speed of the collecting device is controlled to be 1300 r/min. The controlled draft parameters were: the draft multiple is 1.1, and the rotating speed is 20 r/min.
Comparative example 1
Split-type nano-polylactic acid fibers were prepared by the method of example 1 except that polymerized rosin was omitted (i.e., a mixed powder of polymerized rosin and polylactic acid was replaced with a single polylactic acid powder), and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Test results show that the split type nano polylactic acid fiber can not be prepared.
Combining example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the split type nano polylactic acid fiber can not be successfully prepared by polylactic acid alone through the method of the invention; the polymerized rosin is used as an auxiliary agent and has a decisive influence on the formation of the split type nano polylactic acid fiber.
Comparative example 2
The split type nano polylactic acid fiber was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the ratio of the mass of the polymerized rosin to the mass of the mixed powder was changed to 50%, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Test results show that the splinter type nano polylactic acid fiber cannot be prepared.
Combining example 1 and comparative example 2, it is known that the mass ratio of the polymerized rosin in the mixed powder significantly affects the filamentation effect of the polylactic acid fiber. When the mass ratio of the polymerized rosin in the mixed powder is too high, the filamentation effect of the fiber is greatly reduced. When the mass ratio of the polymerized rosin in the mixed powder is more than 50 percent, the splinter type nano polylactic acid fiber cannot be prepared.
Comparative example 3
The split type nano polylactic acid fiber was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the temperature of the melt spinning was adjusted to 210 ℃.
Test results show that the splinter type nano polylactic acid fiber cannot be prepared.
Combining examples 1-2 and comparative example 3, it can be seen that the melt spinning temperature plays a crucial role in the formation of split-type nano-polylactic acid fibers. At an excessively high melt spinning temperature (for example, 210 ℃), the polymerized rosin cannot work in the system, and the preparation of the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber fails.
Comparative example 4
The split type nano polylactic acid fiber was prepared according to the method of example 1 except that the polymerized rosin was replaced with polyurethane and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Test results show that the splinter type nano polylactic acid fiber cannot be prepared.
Combining examples 1-2 and comparative example 4, it can be seen that the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber can not be prepared by the method of the present invention. It is demonstrated that the choice of the kind of adjuvant (polymerized rosin) plays a critical role in the formation of split nanofibers.
As can be seen from comparative example 1, the polylactic acid fiber alone does not have the ability to form split nanofibers either.
Those skilled in the art know that polymerized rosin alone is inherently less spinnable and less likely to form sliver-type nanofibers.
Comprehensive analysis shows that the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber prepared by the method of the invention uses the interaction (synergistic effect) between polylactic acid and polymerized rosin to form a specific fiber structure, and the fiber structure can be split along the longitudinal direction of a fiber yarn under the action of a drafting force to form the split-type nano fiber. The method and the technical conception are not reported in the prior art, and the polylactic acid fiber is endowed with new performance through the combination of polylactic acid and polymerized rosin, namely, the method for preparing the nano fiber is provided.
TABLE 1 comparative preparation of examples and comparative examples
The test result of preparing the split nanofiber by replacing the main material polylactic acid with other common main materials (in the preparation conditions, referring to examples 1 to 3, the mass ratio of the spinning auxiliary agent can be adaptively adjusted according to different main material types):
table 2 table of the preparation of different main material examples
The test result shows that apart from polylactic acid, polyurethane and polypropylene are used as main materials, and the preparation method can be used for successfully preparing the split-type nanofiber, which shows that the preparation method has certain popularization.
Characterization test results of the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber:
by taking example 1 as an example, the characterization test is performed on the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber prepared by the invention, and the results are as follows:
the SEM photograph of the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the polylactic acid fiber precursor is split into a plurality of nanofibers with the diameter ranging from 100nm to 500nm along the longitudinal direction after the drawing treatment.
The infrared spectrogram of polylactic acid alone and the split type nano polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 2, the maximum intensity peaks of 2 samples in the spectrogram are 1759cm-1C ═ O stretching vibration peak, belonging to characteristic peak of polylactic acid; 1213cm-1、1134cm-1And 1093cm-1The stretching vibration peaks of C-O-C are shown in the positions, and the existence of ester groups is shown in the sample, so that the main component of the split type nano polylactic acid fiber is polylactic acid.
The TG curve of the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 is shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the thermal degradation temperature of the polymerized rosin is the highest, the thermal degradation temperature of the polylactic acid is the lowest, and the decomposition temperature of the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber is increased with the increase of the addition amount of the polymerized rosin, which shows that the addition of the polymerized rosin has a significant enhancing effect on the thermal degradation performance of the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber.
The DTG graph of the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the degradation rate of the pure polylactic acid is the fastest at the same temperature, while the degradation rate of the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber doped with the polymerized rosin is slowed down along with the increase of the content of the polymerized rosin, and the degradation rate is inversely related to the content of the polymerized rosin.
The XRD graph of the split type nano-polylactic acid fiber prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the content of the Polymerized Rosin (PR) also has an influence on the crystallization performance of the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber, and the split-type nano-polylactic acid fiber with 10% of polymerized rosin has the highest crystallization peak and the best crystallization performance; the split-type nano polylactic acid fiber of 30 percent polymerized rosin has the lowest crystallization peak and the worst crystallization performance.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the nanofiber is characterized in that any one of polylactic acid, polypropylene and polyurethane is used as a main material, rosin is used as an auxiliary agent, melt spinning is carried out to obtain fiber precursor, and the fiber precursor is drawn to obtain the split nanofiber with the diameter range of 100nm-500 nm.
2. The method for preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein the rosin is a common rosin or a rosin derivative.
3. The method for preparing nanofibers according to claim 2, wherein the rosin is a rosin derivative; the rosin derivative is polymerized rosin; the mass of the polymerized rosin is 10-40% of the total mass of the main material and the auxiliary agent.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the melt spinning temperature is 180 ℃ to 190 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melt spinning is performed by a twin-screw extruder, and the rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is controlled to be 50-300 r/min.
6. The method for preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, further comprising a drying step before the step of melt spinning the main material and the auxiliary.
7. The method for preparing the nanofiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber precursor passes through a collecting device before the drafting treatment, and the rotating speed of the collecting device is 100-1500 r/min.
8. The split nanofiber prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The split nanofiber as claimed in claim 8, which is used in daily chemical industry, composite materials and textile.
10. A fiber-reinforced composite material, characterized in that the split nanofiber as claimed in claim 8 is used as a reinforcement in a fiber-reinforced composite material.
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