CN113215496B - FeNi alloy layer, electroplating solution, preparation method and application - Google Patents
FeNi alloy layer, electroplating solution, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910002555 FeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical group OB(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940085605 saccharin sodium Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005271 boronizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910015346 Ni2B Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015335 Ni2In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WRLJWIVBUPYRTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Ni].[Ni] Chemical compound [B].[Ni].[Ni] WRLJWIVBUPYRTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/68—Boronising
- C23C8/70—Boronising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a FeNi alloy layer, electroplating liquid, a preparation method and application. The FeNi alloy layer comprises Fe and Ni, wherein the content of Fe is 78-91 wt%, and the content of Ni is 9-22 wt%. The electroplating solution includes a nickel salt, an iron salt, a buffer, an activator, a stabilizer, a leveler, and a wetting agent. The FeNi alloy layer is obtained by electroplating a metal substrate in the above-mentioned electroplating solution. The FeNi alloy layer is plated on the steel workpiece to replace the traditional plated Ni layer, so that the direct boronization can be realized without high-temperature diffusion annealing heat treatment, and the FeB, NiB and Ni in the boronization layer can be effectively inhibited3B and other brittle phases, and obviously reduces the internal stress in the boronizing layer and prevents the boronizing layer from cracking during subsequent quenching heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal high-temperature oxidation corrosion wear resistance, and particularly relates to a FeNi alloy layer, electroplating liquid, a preparation method and application.
Background
The boronized layer is prepared on the surface of the steel product, so that the steel product can obtain very high surface hardness and has excellent surface wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance. However, direct boriding on steel easily forms FeB phase with large brittleness, and single-phase Fe is prepared by strictly controlling boriding process2And B, the brittleness of the boronizing layer is reduced, but the boronizing layer is still difficult to bear strong impact load, and the application expansion of the boronizing layer is limited. The brittleness of the boronized layer on steel is two, one is that the boronized layer naturally floats over the brittleness of the boronized layer, even if the boronized layer is single-phase Fe2B, a seeping layer still has higher brittleness; second after boronizationDuring quenching heat treatment, steel between the penetrated teeth is converted into martensite, and the boronized layer is cracked by huge phase change stress. The surface of the steel is plated with nickel and then boronized, the formation of FeB or NiB phase with high brittleness can be effectively inhibited, the boronizing process range is expanded, and Ni2B has higher toughness than Fe2Good B, Ni-rich austenite is filled in the interpolarly spaces, and the phase change stress and external impact force can be buffered during subsequent quenching, so that the toughness of the boronized layer is improved. But there are five kinds of boride of Ni except Ni2In addition to B, the boride of other Ni can reduce the performance of the boronized layer. Single-phase Ni is difficult to obtain by boriding after direct nickel electroplating2B and Fe2The performance of the boronizing layer containing various nickel borides of the B layer is not obviously improved. After nickel plating, high-temperature diffusion annealing heat treatment is carried out, so that the Ni layer is changed into a FeNi alloy layer, the problems are solved well, but high-temperature diffusion annealing causes large and thick matrix grains, the mechanical property of the matrix is deteriorated, the process cost is additionally increased, and the application and the extension are difficult.
Steinmin et al prepared a boronized layer consisting of (Fe, Ni) B, (Fe, Ni) B and (Fe, Ni) B by chemically plating Ni on a substrate of No. 45 steel and then boronizing. The majority of the literature available today for boronization after electroplating focuses on pure nickel-plated boronization, and the obtained boronization layer generally consists of several phases, the differences in the properties of the different phases having an adverse effect on the properties of the boronization layer (Stevens, Zhao Qinghai, Heat shock and high temperature oxidation resistance of nickel-plated boronization layers [ J ]. metallothermic treatment, 1996,01): 36-8.).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a method for directly plating a FeNi alloy layer on steel to replace a plated Ni layer, and directly boriding without high-temperature diffusion annealing heat treatment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electroplating solution for preparing FeNi alloy, a method thereof and applications thereof, wherein the Fe content is controlled within a range of 78-91 wt%, so that FeB, NiB and Ni can be inhibited during subsequent boronization3B and various brittle phases which deteriorate the properties of the boronized layer.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a FeNi alloy layer comprises Fe and Ni, wherein the content of Fe is 78-91 wt%, and the content of Ni is 9-22 wt%.
An electroplating solution for preparing the FeNi alloy layer comprises a nickel salt, an iron salt, a buffering agent, an activating agent, a stabilizing agent, a leveling agent and a wetting agent.
Preferably, the nickel salt is NiSO4·6H2O, iron salt being FeSO4·7H2O, buffer is H3BO3The activator is NaCl and the stabilizer is Na3C6H5O7·2H2O, the leveling agent is saccharin sodium, and the wetting agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Preferably, the pH value of the electroplating solution is 3.3-3.5;
preferably, the content of the nickel salt in the electrolyte is 66.7-200g/L, and the content of the iron salt in the electrolyte is 80-200 g/L. More preferably, when the content of Fe in the FeNi alloy layer is 78 wt% -85%, the content of iron salt in the electrolyte is 80-140g/L, and the content of nickel salt is 133.4-200 g/L; when the Fe content in the FeNi alloy layer is 85-91wt%, the iron salt content in the electrolyte is 140-200g/L, and the nickel salt content is 66.7-133.4 g/L. More preferably, when the content of Fe in the FeNi alloy layer is 78 wt%, the content of iron salt in the electrolyte is 80g/L, and the content of nickel salt is 200 g/L; when the Fe content in the FeNi alloy layer is 91wt%, the iron salt content in the electrolyte is 200g/L, and the nickel salt content is 66.7 g/L; when the Fe content in the FeNi alloy layer is 85 wt%, the iron salt content in the electrolyte is 140g/L, and the nickel salt content is 133.4 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the buffer in the electrolyte is 40-50g/L, the concentration of the activator is 25-35g/L, the concentration of the stabilizer is 25-35g/L, the concentration of the leveling agent is 3-5g/L, and the concentration of the wetting agent is 0.3-0.5 g/L. Further preferably, the concentration of the buffer in the electrolyte is 45g/L, the concentration of the activator is 30g/L, the concentration of the stabilizer is 30g/L, the concentration of the leveling agent is 4g/L, and the concentration of the wetting agent is 0.4 g/L.
The preparation method of the FeNi alloy layer comprises the following steps: placing the metal substrate in electroplating solution to be electroplated to obtain the FeNi alloy layer; the electroplating solution is the electroplating solution.
Preferably, the electroplating time is 30-90 min;
preferably, the temperature of the plating solution is 54 to 60 ℃.
Preferably, the cathode of the electroplated power supply is connected with the metal substrate, and the cathode current density of the electroplating is 3.2-4.0A/dm2；
Preferably, the deposition rate of the electroplating is 0.15-0.25 μm/min; further preferably, the deposition rate of the electroplating is 0.2 μm/min.
Preferably, the electroplated anode electrode is Fe85Ni15 alloy; preferably, the number of the anode electrodes is two, and the two anode electrodes are respectively arranged on two sides of the metal substrate; the area of the anode electrode is more than 1.5 times of the area of the metal substrate.
The FeNi alloy layer is applied to preparing a boronizing layer.
Preferably, the boronized layer is prepared on the surface of the steel product, so that FeB, NiB and Ni in the boronized layer are effectively inhibited3B and other brittle phases.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the FeNi alloy layer is plated on the steel workpiece to replace the traditional plated Ni layer, so that the direct boronization can be realized without high-temperature diffusion annealing heat treatment, and the FeB, NiB and Ni in the boronization layer can be effectively inhibited3B and other brittle phases, and obviously reduces the internal stress in the boronizing layer and prevents the boronizing layer from cracking during subsequent quenching heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM topography of a FeNi alloy layer section obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an XRD spectrum of a FeNi alloy sample plated with the alloy in example 1 of the invention after boronizing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
Preparing a FeNi alloy layer containing 85 wt% of Fe and 15 wt% of Ni on 40CrNiMo steel:
(1) the formula of the plating solution for obtaining the plating layer is determined as follows: NiSO4·6H2O is 133.4g/L, FeSO4·7H2O is 140g/L, H3BO345g/L NaCl 30g/L, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O is 30g/L, saccharin sodium is 4g/L, and sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.4 g/L.
(2) Pouring 300ml of distilled water into a 800ml beaker, putting the beaker into a water bath thermostatic bath at 58 ℃, and adding NiSO successively4·6H2O 66.7g，FeSO4·7H2O 70g，H3BO322.5g, NaCl 15g, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O15g, saccharin sodium 2g and sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.2g, and fully stirring to enable the reagent to be dissolved more quickly. The second reagent can only be added after the first reagent is completely dissolved. Finally, distilled water was added to make the plating solution volume 500 ml. The pH value of the prepared electroplating solution is 3.3-3.5, and the temperature is 54-55 ℃.
(3) Cutting 40CrNiMo steel into samples with the size of phi 16 multiplied by 3mm, wherein two end surfaces are electroplating surfaces, grinding and polishing the two end surfaces, ultrasonically cleaning the two end surfaces in absolute ethyl alcohol for 15min to remove grease and the like, sealing edges which do not need to be electroplated by using epoxy resin, connecting a cathode of a constant-voltage direct-current power supply, immersing the two end surfaces into electroplating solution in a manner that the two end surfaces are vertical to the liquid level of the electroplating solution, using two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy as anodes which are respectively arranged at two sides of the sample and are parallel to the electroplating end surfaces, and the area of the anode is required to be more than 1.5 times of the area of the cathode.
(4) Adjusting the voltage of the constant voltage power supply to make the cathode current density 3.6A/dm2Taking out and cleaning after electroplating for 60min, depositing FeNi alloy layers (shown in figure 1) with the thickness of about 12.4 mu m on two end surfaces, wherein the contents of Fe and Ni are 85 wt% and 15 wt% respectively, and the whole plating layer has uniform components and is tightly combined with a matrix.
Boronizing the prepared FeNi alloy layer; the FeNi alloy sample deposited with Fe85 wt% content can obtain the surface layer (Fe, Ni) in the wider process window in the traditional solid powder boronizing2Phase B, subsurface Fe2The boronized layer of phase B (shown in FIG. 2) has retained austenite between the teeth, which can better buffer the phase transformation stress during the subsequent quenching heat treatment.
Example 2
Preparing a FeNi alloy layer containing 78 wt% of Fe and 22wt% of Ni on 40CrNiMo steel:
(1) the formula of the plating solution for obtaining the plating layer is determined as follows: NiSO4·6H2O is 200g/L, FeSO4·7H2O is 80g/L, H3BO345g/L NaCl 30g/L, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O is 30g/L, saccharin sodium is 4g/L, and sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.4 g/L.
(2) Pouring 300ml of distilled water into a 800ml beaker, putting the beaker into a water bath thermostatic bath at 58 ℃, and adding NiSO successively4·6H2O100g，FeSO4·7H2O40g，H3BO322.5g, NaCl 15g, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O15g, saccharin sodium 2g, sodium lauryl sulfate 0.2g, stirring well to dissolve the reagent more quickly. The second reagent can only be added after the first reagent is completely dissolved. Finally, distilled water was added to make the volume of the plating solution 500 ml. The pH value of the prepared electroplating solution is 3.3-3.5, and the temperature is 54-55 ℃.
(3) Cutting 40CrNiMo steel into samples with the size of phi 16 multiplied by 3mm, wherein two end faces are electroplating faces, grinding and polishing the two end faces, ultrasonically cleaning the samples in absolute ethyl alcohol for 15min to remove grease and the like, sealing edges which do not need to be electroplated with epoxy resin, connecting a cathode of a constant-voltage direct-current power supply, immersing the two end faces into electroplating solution with the two end faces perpendicular to the liquid level of the electroplating solution, using two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy as anodes, respectively arranging the two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy on two sides of the samples and parallel to the electroplating end faces, and enabling the area of the anode to be larger than 1.5 times of the area of the cathode.
(4) Adjusting the voltage of the constant voltage power supply to make the cathode current density 3.6A/dm2Taking out and cleaning after electroplating for 60min, depositing FeNi alloy layers with the thickness of about 12.6 μm on two end faces, wherein the contents of Fe and Ni are respectively 78 wt% and 22wt%, and the whole plating layer has uniform components and is tightly combined with a substrate.
Infiltrating the prepared FeNi alloy layerB treatment; the FeNi alloy sample deposited with Fe78 wt% content can obtain the surface layer (Fe, Ni) in the wider process window in the traditional solid powder boronizing2Phase B, subsurface Fe2And residual austenite is arranged between the boronized layer of the phase B and the teeth of the boronized layer, so that the phase change stress during the subsequent quenching heat treatment can be better buffered.
Example 3
Preparing a FeNi alloy layer with 91wt% of Fe and 9 wt% of Ni on 40CrNiMo steel:
(1) the formula of the plating solution for obtaining the plating layer is determined as follows: NiSO4·6H2O is 66.7g/L, FeSO4·7H2O is 200g/L, H3BO345g/L NaCl 30g/L, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O is 30g/L, saccharin sodium is 4g/L, and sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.4 g/L.
(2) Pouring 300ml of distilled water into a 800ml beaker, putting the beaker into a water bath thermostatic bath at 58 ℃, and adding NiSO successively4·6H2O33.4g，FeSO4·7H2O 100g，H3BO322.5g, NaCl 15g, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O15g, saccharin sodium 2g and sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.2g, and fully stirring to enable the reagent to be dissolved more quickly. The second reagent can only be added after the first reagent is completely dissolved. Finally, distilled water was added to make the volume of the plating solution 500 ml. The pH value of the prepared electroplating solution is 3.3-3.5, and the temperature is 54-55 ℃.
(3) Cutting 40CrNiMo steel into samples with the size of phi 16 multiplied by 3mm, wherein two end faces are electroplating faces, grinding and polishing the two end faces, ultrasonically cleaning the samples in absolute ethyl alcohol for 15min to remove grease and the like, sealing edges which do not need to be electroplated with epoxy resin, connecting a cathode of a constant-voltage direct-current power supply, immersing the two end faces into electroplating solution with the two end faces perpendicular to the liquid level of the electroplating solution, using two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy as anodes, respectively arranging the two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy on two sides of the samples and parallel to the electroplating end faces, and enabling the area of the anode to be larger than 1.5 times of the area of the cathode.
(4) Adjusting the voltage of the constant voltage power supply to make the cathode current density 3.7A/dm2Electroplating for 60min, taking out, cleaning, and depositing FeN with thickness of 12.2 μm on two end facesThe content of Fe and Ni in the i alloy layer is 91wt% and 9 wt% respectively, and the whole plating layer has uniform components and is tightly combined with the matrix.
Boronizing the prepared FeNi alloy layer; the FeNi alloy sample deposited with 91wt% Fe content can obtain the surface layer (Fe, Ni) in the wider process window in the conventional solid powder boronizing2Phase B, subsurface Fe2And residual austenite is arranged between the boronized layer of the phase B and the teeth of the boronized layer, so that the phase change stress during the subsequent quenching heat treatment can be better buffered.
Example 4
Preparing a FeNi alloy layer containing 82 wt% of Fe and 18 wt% of Ni on 40CrNiMo steel:
(1) the formula of the plating solution for obtaining the plating layer is determined as follows: NiSO4·6H2O is 157.1g/L, FeSO4·7H2O is 110g/L, H3BO345g/L NaCl 30g/L, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O is 30g/L, saccharin sodium is 4g/L, and sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.4 g/L.
(2) Pouring 300ml of distilled water into a 800ml beaker, putting the beaker into a water bath thermostatic bath at 58 ℃, and adding NiSO successively4·6H2O 33.4g，FeSO4·7H2O 100g，H3BO322.5g, NaCl 15g, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O15g, saccharin sodium 2g and sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.2g, and fully stirring to enable the reagent to be dissolved more quickly. The second reagent can only be added after the first reagent is completely dissolved. Finally, distilled water was added to make the volume of the plating solution 500 ml. The pH value of the prepared electroplating solution is 3.3-3.5, and the temperature is 54-55 ℃.
(3) Cutting 40CrNiMo steel into samples with the size of phi 16 multiplied by 3mm, wherein two end faces are electroplating faces, grinding and polishing the two end faces, ultrasonically cleaning the samples in absolute ethyl alcohol for 15min to remove grease and the like, sealing edges which do not need to be electroplated with epoxy resin, connecting a cathode of a constant-voltage direct-current power supply, immersing the two end faces into electroplating solution with the two end faces perpendicular to the liquid level of the electroplating solution, using two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy as anodes, respectively arranging the two pieces of Fe85Ni15 alloy on two sides of the samples and parallel to the electroplating end faces, and enabling the area of the anode to be larger than 1.5 times of the area of the cathode.
(4) Adjusting the voltage of the constant voltage power supply to make the cathode current density 3.7A/dm2Taking out and cleaning after electroplating for 60min, depositing FeNi alloy layers with the thickness of about 12.8 μm on two end faces, wherein the contents of Fe and Ni are 82 wt% and 18 wt% respectively, and the whole plating layer has uniform components and is tightly combined with a substrate.
Boronizing the prepared FeNi alloy layer; the FeNi alloy sample deposited with the Fe content of 82 wt% can obtain the surface layer (Fe, Ni) in a wider process window in the conventional solid powder boronizing2Phase B, subsurface Fe2And residual austenite is arranged between the boronized layer of the phase B and the teeth of the boronized layer, so that the phase change stress during the subsequent quenching heat treatment can be better buffered.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The application of the FeNi alloy layer in preparation of the boronized layer is characterized in that the FeNi alloy layer comprises Fe and Ni, the content of Fe is 78-91 wt%, and the content of Ni is 9-22 wt%;
the preparation method of the FeNi alloy layer comprises the following steps: placing the metal substrate in electroplating solution to be electroplated to obtain the FeNi alloy layer;
the electroplating solution includes a nickel salt, an iron salt, a buffer, an activator, a stabilizer, a leveler, and a wetting agent.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the nickel salt is NiSO4·6H2O, iron salt being FeSO4·7H2O, buffer is H3BO3The activator is NaCl and the stabilizer is Na3C6H5O7·2H2O, the leveling agent is saccharin sodium, and the wetting agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the plating solution has a pH of 3.3 to 3.5; the content of nickel salt in the electroplating solution is 66.7-200g/L, and the content of iron salt is 80-200 g/L.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein when the Fe content in the FeNi alloy layer is from 78 wt% to 85%, the iron salt content in the electroplating solution is from 80g/L to 140g/L, and the nickel salt content is from 133.4g/L to 200 g/L; when the Fe content in the FeNi alloy layer is 85-91wt%, the iron salt content in the electroplating solution is 140-200g/L, and the nickel salt content is 66.7-133.4 g/L.
5. The use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the buffer in the electroplating bath is 40-50g/L, the concentration of the activator is 25-35g/L, the concentration of the stabilizer is 25-35g/L, the concentration of the leveler is 3-5g/L, and the concentration of the wetting agent is 0.3-0.5 g/L.
6. Use according to claim 1, wherein the time of electroplating is 30-90 min; the temperature of the electroplating solution is 54-60 ℃; the cathode of the electroplated power supply is connected with the metal substrate, and the current density of the electroplated cathode is 3.2-4.0A/dm2The anode electrode of the electroplating is Fe85Ni15And (3) alloying.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the number of the anode electrodes is two, and the two anode electrodes are respectively arranged on two sides of the metal substrate; the area of the anode electrode is more than 1.5 times of the area of the metal substrate.
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