CN113214411A - Method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide - Google Patents
Method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps: soaking edible fungus powder into an acidic buffer solution to obtain a leaching solution; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching liquid to obtain a liquid component, wherein the liquid component contains edible fungus polysaccharide; concentrating the liquid components, adding protease into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, and standing to obtain an enzymolysis solution; adding Sevag reagent into the enzymolysis solution, fully oscillating, standing and centrifuging to remove the deformed protein to obtain polysaccharide solution; adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution into the polysaccharide solution until complex precipitation is achieved, dissolving the precipitate into a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the supernatant until the polysaccharide is nearly saturated; carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain water-soluble high molecular weight edible fungus polysaccharide; the yield of the edible fungus polysaccharide is effectively improved by leaching, and the product quality of the edible fungus polysaccharide is effectively improved by combining enzymolysis and a Sevag reagent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungus products, in particular to a method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide.
Background
The edible fungus is a large-scale fungus which can be eaten by people and mainly comprises black fungus, dictyophora phalloidea, shiitake mushroom, tremella and the like. In particular, edible fungi are edible or medicinal mushrooms. The edible fungi is a kind of microbe which is recognized and utilized by human beings in practice at the earliest time, and has the characteristics of various varieties, large biomass, wide distribution and easy culture, and simultaneously has extremely high nutritive value and unique medical health care effect. Fruiting bodies with spore-forming structures of fleshy, gummy, woody or suberin are the edible parts of edible fungi.
The edible fungi polysaccharide exists in fruiting bodies and mycelia of the edible fungi, the mycelia of the edible fungi can be separated into polysaccharide through liquid fermentation, and the polysaccharide can control cell division and differentiation, regulate cell growth and inhibit cell aging, is one of main active ingredients of the edible fungi which can dim the medicinal function of the edible fungi, and is called as a biological effect regulator. The polysaccharide in the edible fungus cell mainly comprises a nitrogenous polysaccharide biological macromolecule widely existing in nature and branched water-insoluble beta- (1,3) -D-glucose, and the special beta-type structure polysaccharide is directly absorbed by the intestinal tract of a human body, so that the immunity of the human body to antigens or microorganisms is fundamentally improved through a non-specific way, and the effects of building the body and protecting the health are achieved.
Because the polysaccharide component in the edible fungi is a natural medicine, the toxic and side effects are small, and the quality of the medicine can be easily controlled by a chemical means. In addition, in the prior art, the technology of artificially synthesizing the polysaccharide is not mature, the input and output are not in proportion, the synthesis route is quite complex, the cost is high, and the yield is low, so that the polysaccharide preparation is frequently in shortage, most of the polysaccharide products adopted at present are extracted by edible fungi, but the extraction rate of the polysaccharide by the existing polysaccharide extraction means is lower than that of the artificial synthesis, and the obtained polysaccharides have different qualities, so how to improve the yield of the high-quality polysaccharide becomes a problem to be solved in the field of extraction of polysaccharide substances in the edible fungi.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low yield of high-quality qualified polysaccharide caused by low extraction rate and unstable polysaccharide quality when edible fungi are used for producing the polysaccharide in the prior art, and provides a method for preparing the selenium-enriched edible fungi polysaccharide.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the edible fungus raw material by adopting a crushing device to obtain edible fungus powder;
s2: soaking edible fungus powder into an acidic buffer solution to obtain a leaching solution;
s3: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching liquid to obtain a liquid component, wherein the liquid component contains edible fungus polysaccharide;
s4: concentrating the liquid components, adding protease into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, and standing to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
s5: adding Sevag reagent into the enzymolysis solution, fully oscillating, standing and centrifuging to remove the deformed protein to obtain polysaccharide solution;
s6: adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution into the polysaccharide solution until complex precipitation is achieved, dissolving the precipitate into a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the supernatant until polysaccharide is saturated;
s7: and carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain the water-soluble high-molecular-weight edible fungus polysaccharide.
In the invention, the edible fungus raw material is crushed to achieve the aim of effectively increasing the contact area of an acidic buffer solution and edible fungus powder, and the acidic buffer solution is adopted for leaching, namely hydrogen ions in the solution are utilized to dissolve out acidic impurities in the extract, so that the polysaccharide compound with relatively high purity can be obtained by the method, and the acidic solution has certain corrosivity, so the polysaccharide compound is generally leached by weak acid; after the extraction liquid is obtained, liquid components can be effectively obtained through solid-liquid separation, and because the polysaccharide is separated out into the liquid components, the fixed part after the solid-liquid separation becomes waste, the liquid components are reserved, the edible fungus polysaccharide extracted by the acidic buffer solution has high separation rate, the subsequent polysaccharide yield can be effectively improved, because the polysaccharide content in the extraction liquid is relatively low, in order to improve the production efficiency, the liquid components are concentrated, protease is added for preliminary protein decomposition after the concentration, the protein can be effectively eliminated through the decomposition of the protease, but the enzymolysis of the protein has a certain limit, the rejection rate of the protein is not high, and the enzymolysis solution obtained after the enzymolysis is further subjected to protein degradation through Sevag reagent, so that the polysaccharide purity of the enzymolysis solution is improved, and the quality of the finally produced polysaccharide can be effectively improved, the yield of the edible fungus polysaccharide is effectively improved by leaching, and the product quality of the edible fungus polysaccharide is effectively improved by combining enzymolysis and Sevag reagent; the edible fungi adopted in the invention are preferably selenium-enriched edible fungi.
Further, when the edible fungus raw material is crushed in the step S1, the edible fungus raw material is firstly made into coarse powder and then continuously crushed by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain the edible fungus ultrafine powder. According to the invention, the original mode of crushing the edible fungi adopts a mode of firstly crushing the edible fungi into coarse powder and then processing the coarse powder into fine powder, so that the uniformity degree of the crushed raw materials is effectively improved, and the edible fungi raw materials can be effectively crushed into smaller particles through secondary crushing, so that the edible fungi raw materials can be more comprehensively contacted with an acid buffer solution in the subsequent extraction step, and the precipitation rate of the edible fungi polysaccharide is improved.
Further, in the step S2, the edible fungus powder in the acidic buffer solution is irradiated by microwave, and the volume ratio of the leached material to water is 1: 40. in the invention, the high-frequency electromagnetic waves can be absorbed by the internal system of the edible fungus powder in a microwave radiation mode and instantly converted into heat energy, the pressure in the cells is too large to exceed the maximum bearing capacity of the cell walls under the action of heat, so that the cells are broken, and the effective components in the cells can be dissolved out and dissolved by the peripheral volume, so that the polysaccharide in the edible fungus can be effectively separated out in an auxiliary mode by adopting the microwave radiation mode, the polysaccharide separation rate is improved, and the polysaccharide yield is further improved.
Further, the acidic buffer solution is citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the concentration of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is 0.1mol/L, and the pH value is 4.0-6.0. The acid buffer solution needs to be a weak acid buffer solution, and the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution can effectively provide a weak acid environment and is not easy to react with the polysaccharide, so the acid buffer solution is a good acid buffer solution applicable to the invention.
Further, the enzyme addition amount in the step S4 was 400U/ml. When the enzyme addition amount of 400U/ml is adopted, the protein in the solution can be decomposed at a higher speed, the polysaccharide is not influenced by too fast reaction, and the decomposition reaction can be stopped in time before the polysaccharide is excessively lost.
Further, the enzymolysis temperature in the step S4 is 40-55 ℃, the pH value is 5-6, and the enzymolysis time is 70-90 min. The enzymolysis temperature, the pH value and the enzymolysis time are controlled in a more active range, so that the protein in the solution can be stably decomposed, and the polysaccharide is in a state of not being damaged as much as possible.
Further, the Sevag reagent described in step S5 is chloroform: the volume ratio of n-butanol is 4: 1, 1/4 is added in the volume of the polysaccharide concentrated solution, and the operation is repeated 4 times in step S5. The Sevag reagent of 1/4 is added into the polysaccharide concentrated solution after enzymolysis treatment, so that the protein in the nerve domain can be denatured, and the protein in the solution can be further effectively removed through separation.
Further, the alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying in the step S7 are to add 95% -100% ethanol with 2-4 times volume of the polysaccharide solution, to stand for layering, to centrifuge, to wash the precipitate with ethanol for 1-2 times, and to perform vacuum drying or freeze drying.
Furthermore, the crushing device comprises a hollow shell, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the shell, a layering partition plate is arranged in the shell, the layering partition plate divides the shell into two parts which are independent from top to bottom, a crusher is fixed to the top of the upper part in the shell, a lower leakage opening is formed in the layering partition plate, a crusher is fixed to the lower surface of the layering partition plate, a discharge opening is formed in the bottom of the shell, a sieve plate is arranged between the crusher and the discharge opening, and the sieve plate is fixed to the inner wall of the shell. In the existing crushing device, if the fine powder is obtained, the edible fungus powder is often crushed into coarse powder, equipment is replaced and then the fine powder is crushed, the preparation engineering of the edible fungus powder is complicated by adopting the method, and appliances needing to be replaced are too many, so that the production time cannot be saved, and the yield is improved.
Furthermore, the first half in the shell is provided with a partition plate, the partition plate is fixed on the inner wall of the shell and divides the first half in the shell into two parts which are independent from each other, the crusher is located on the right side of the partition plate, the feed inlet is located on the left side of the partition plate, the lower discharge opening is located below the crusher, a feed inclined plane is arranged below the lower discharge opening, the high point of the feed inclined plane is located at the lower discharge opening, the low point of the feed inclined plane is close to the crusher, the bottom of the partition plate is provided with a feed port, a push column is arranged below the feed inlet and runs through the shell, a push-pull device capable of pulling the push column to reciprocate is fixed on the outer surface of the shell, and the end face of the push column is right opposite to the feed port. According to the edible mushroom crushing device, the crusher and the feeding hole are separated through the partition plate, a more compact crushing environment is effectively provided for the crusher, so that edible mushroom raw materials can be orderly crushed into coarse powder after entering the crushing device instead of being directly brought into a lower-layer space, the cutting edge of the crusher is effectively protected, the pushing column and the push-pull device can effectively push the edible mushroom raw materials to the crusher through the reciprocating action of the pushing column, and therefore the working efficiency of the crusher is improved in an auxiliary mode.
Further, the pulverizer comprises a driving shaft, the upper end of the driving shaft is fixed with the layered partition plate, the lower end of the driving shaft is provided with a pulverizing blade, a drying fan is arranged above the pulverizing blade and fixed on the driving shaft, and an air outlet of the drying fan is aligned with the pulverizing blade. In the invention, the driving shaft can effectively drive the crushing blade to further crush coarse powder, and the drying fan is aligned to the crushing blade, so that not only can the edible fungus raw material on the crushing blade be effectively blown down, but also the moisture in the powder can be dried, and the moisture is prevented from being adhered to the fine powder to form blocks, so that the moisture cannot leak from the sieving plate.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the protein can be effectively eliminated through the decomposition of the protease, but the enzymolysis of the protein has a certain limit, the rejection rate of the protein is not high, and the enzymolysis solution obtained after the enzymolysis is further subjected to protein degradation through a Sevag reagent, so that the purity of the polysaccharide of the enzymolysis solution is improved, and the quality of the finally produced polysaccharide can be effectively improved.
(2) The method adopts a microwave mode to effectively assist the polysaccharide in the edible fungi to be separated out and improve the polysaccharide separation rate, thereby further improving the polysaccharide yield.
(3) The enzymolysis temperature, the pH value and the enzymolysis time are controlled in a more active range, so that the protein in the solution can be stably decomposed, and the polysaccharide is in a state of not being damaged as much as possible.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the shredder of the present invention;
the reference symbols in the drawings represent: 1-feeding hole, 2-partition plate, 3-shell, 4-crusher, 5-feeding inclined plane, 6-discharging hole, 7-crusher, 71-driving shaft, 72-drying fan, 73-crushing blade, 8-moisture absorption plate, 9-layered partition plate, 10-pushing column and 11-pushing-pulling device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide, comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the edible fungus raw material by adopting a crushing device to obtain edible fungus powder; when the edible fungus raw material is crushed, the edible fungus raw material is firstly prepared into coarse powder and then continuously crushed by a superfine crusher to obtain the edible fungus superfine powder.
S2: soaking edible fungus powder into an acidic buffer solution to obtain a leaching solution; irradiating edible fungus powder in an acidic buffer solution by using microwave, wherein the volume ratio of the leached material to water is 1: 40. the acidic buffer solution is citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the concentration of the acidic buffer solution is 0.1mol/L, and the pH value is 4.0-6.0.
S3: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching liquid to obtain a liquid component, wherein the liquid component contains edible fungus polysaccharide; the solid-liquid separation mode is centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7000-9000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min. And the solid-liquid separation mode in the step S3 is centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7000-9000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min. The solid-liquid separation is carried out by adopting a centrifugal mode, so that not only can the solid part in the solution be separated, but also the solution can be effectively re-oscillated, and the polysaccharide in the solution can be more fully dissolved.
S4: concentrating the liquid components, adding protease into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, and standing to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the addition amount of the enzyme is 400U/ml; the enzymolysis temperature is 40-55 ℃, the pH value is 5-6, and the enzymolysis time is 70-90 min.
S5: adding Sevag reagent into the enzymolysis solution, fully oscillating, standing and centrifuging to remove the deformed protein to obtain polysaccharide solution; the Sevag reagent is chloroform: the volume ratio of n-butanol is 4: 1, 1/4 is added in the volume of the polysaccharide concentrated solution, and the operation is repeated 4 times in step S5.
S6: adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution into the polysaccharide solution until complex precipitation is achieved, dissolving the precipitate into a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the supernatant until polysaccharide is saturated;
s7: carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain water-soluble high molecular weight edible fungus polysaccharide; the alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying are carried out by adding 95-100% ethanol with 2-4 times volume of the polysaccharide solution, standing for layering, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with ethanol for 1-2 times, and then carrying out vacuum drying or freeze drying.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide, comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the edible fungus raw material by adopting a crushing device to obtain edible fungus powder; when the edible fungus raw material is crushed, the edible fungus raw material is firstly prepared into coarse powder and then continuously crushed by a superfine crusher to obtain the edible fungus superfine powder.
S2: soaking edible fungus powder into an acidic buffer solution to obtain a leaching solution;
s3: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching liquid to obtain a liquid component, wherein the liquid component contains edible fungus polysaccharide; the solid-liquid separation mode is centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7000-9000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min. And the solid-liquid separation mode in the step S3 is centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7000-9000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min. The solid-liquid separation is carried out by adopting a centrifugal mode, so that not only can the solid part in the solution be separated, but also the solution can be effectively re-oscillated, and the polysaccharide in the solution can be more fully dissolved.
S4: concentrating the liquid components, adding protease into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, and standing to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the addition amount of the enzyme is 400U/ml; the enzymolysis temperature is 40 deg.C, pH is 5, and the enzymolysis time is 70 min.
S5: adding Sevag reagent into the enzymolysis solution, fully oscillating, standing and centrifuging to remove the deformed protein to obtain polysaccharide solution; the Sevag reagent is chloroform: the volume ratio of n-butanol is 4: 1, 1/4 is added in the volume of the polysaccharide concentrated solution, and the operation is repeated 4 times in step S5.
S6: adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution into the polysaccharide solution until complex precipitation is achieved, dissolving the precipitate into a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the supernatant until the polysaccharide is nearly saturated;
s7: carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain water-soluble high molecular weight edible fungus polysaccharide; the alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying are carried out by adding 95-100% ethanol with 2-4 times volume of the polysaccharide solution, standing for layering, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with ethanol for 1-2 times, and then carrying out vacuum drying or freeze drying.
In this embodiment, since the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃, the PH is 5, and the enzymolysis time is 70min, the deproteinization rate is 52%, and the purity and yield of the polysaccharide are improved by about 12.5% compared with the prior art.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide, comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the edible fungus raw material by adopting a crushing device to obtain edible fungus powder; when the edible fungus raw material is crushed, the edible fungus raw material is firstly prepared into coarse powder and then continuously crushed by a superfine crusher to obtain the edible fungus superfine powder.
S2: soaking edible fungus powder into an acidic buffer solution to obtain a leaching solution;
s3: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching liquid to obtain a liquid component, wherein the liquid component contains edible fungus polysaccharide; the solid-liquid separation mode is centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7000-9000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min. And the solid-liquid separation mode in the step S3 is centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7000-9000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min. The solid-liquid separation is carried out by adopting a centrifugal mode, so that not only can the solid part in the solution be separated, but also the solution can be effectively re-oscillated, and the polysaccharide in the solution can be more fully dissolved.
S4: concentrating the liquid components, adding protease into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, and standing to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the addition amount of the enzyme is 400U/ml; the enzymolysis temperature is 55 deg.C, pH is 6, and the enzymolysis time is 90 min.
S5: adding Sevag reagent into the enzymolysis solution, fully oscillating, standing and centrifuging to remove the deformed protein to obtain polysaccharide solution; the Sevag reagent is chloroform: the volume ratio of n-butanol is 4: 1, 1/4 is added in the volume of the polysaccharide concentrated solution, and the operation is repeated 4 times in step S5.
S6: adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution into the polysaccharide solution until complex precipitation is achieved, dissolving the precipitate into a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the supernatant until the polysaccharide is nearly saturated;
s7: carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain water-soluble high molecular weight edible fungus polysaccharide; the alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying are carried out by adding 95-100% ethanol with 2-4 times volume of the polysaccharide solution, standing for layering, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with ethanol for 1-2 times, and then carrying out vacuum drying or freeze drying.
In this embodiment, since the enzymolysis temperature is 55 ℃, the PH is 6, and the enzymolysis time is 90min, the deproteinization rate is 45%, the purity of the polysaccharide is not different from that of the prior art, and the yield of the polysaccharide is increased by about 11.3% compared with that of the prior art.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 1, the difference between this embodiment and embodiments 1 to 3 is that the PH value is 5.5, the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 80 min.
The deproteinization rate in this embodiment is 60%, the polysaccharide purity and yield are improved by about 26.3% compared with the prior art, the deproteinization rate of the edible fungus solution is the highest in this embodiment, and the purity and yield of the obtained polysaccharide are both greatly improved.
Example 5:
according to fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, the crushing apparatus includes a hollow outer shell 3, a feeding port 1 is formed in the top of the outer shell 3, a layered partition plate 9 is disposed in the outer shell 3, the layered partition plate 9 divides the interior of the outer shell 3 into two vertically independent parts, a crusher 4 is fixed to the top of the upper half of the interior of the outer shell 3, a lower leakage port is formed in the layered partition plate 9, a crusher 7 is fixed to the lower surface of the layered partition plate 9, a discharging port 6 is formed in the bottom of the outer shell 3, a sieving plate is disposed between the crusher 7 and the discharging port, and the sieving plate is fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell 3; the first half in the shell 3 is equipped with division board 2, division board 2 is fixed in 3 inner walls of shell and separates the first half for controlling two independent parts in the shell 3, cracker 4 is located division board 2's right side, feed inlet 1 is located division board 2's left side, the leak is located down the below of cracker 4, the below of leak is equipped with feeding inclined plane 5 down, the high point on feeding inclined plane 5 is located leak department down, and the low point on feeding inclined plane 5 is close to grinder 7, open the bottom of division board 2 has the feed inlet the below of feed inlet 1 is equipped with and promotes post 10, it link up shell 3 to promote post 10, and the external fixation of shell 3 has the push-and-pull 11 that can stimulate the reciprocating motion of promotion post 10, the terminal surface that promotes post 10 is just right the feed inlet.
In this embodiment, the domestic fungus raw materials gets into breaker from feed inlet 1 under the promotion of promotion post 10, the domestic fungus raw materials is promoted and is carried out preliminary breakage to cracker 4 department, after being broken into the middlings with the domestic fungus raw materials, leaks down from the leak source down, and the middlings slides down along feeding inclined plane 5 and arrives cracker 7 department is smashed by cracker 7, on the board that sieves, qualified fine powder is sieved discharge gate 6 and is carried out subsequent work, unqualified piling up on crossing the sieve board, continues to be processed by cracker 7, falls discharge gate 6 department after qualified.
Example 6:
according to fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 5, the shredder 7 includes a driving shaft 71, the upper end of the driving shaft 71 is fixed to the layered partition 9, the lower end of the driving shaft 71 is provided with a shredding blade 73, a drying fan 72 is arranged above the shredding blade 73, the drying fan 72 is fixed to the driving shaft 71, and the air outlet of the drying fan is aligned with the shredding blade 73.
In this embodiment, the housing 3 is provided with a moisture absorption plate 8 on the side surface of the pulverizer, and the moisture absorption plate 8 can effectively absorb moisture in the lower layer space, so as to assist in drying the edible fungus powder; and under the action of the drying fan 72, polysaccharide components in the edible fungus powder can be locked in time, so that excessive loss of polysaccharide in the crushing process is avoided.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the edible fungus raw material by adopting a crushing device to obtain edible fungus powder;
s2: soaking edible fungus powder into an acidic buffer solution to obtain a leaching solution;
s3: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching liquid to obtain a liquid component, wherein the liquid component contains edible fungus polysaccharide;
s4: concentrating the liquid components, adding protease into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, and standing to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
s5: adding Sevag reagent into the enzymolysis solution, fully oscillating, standing and centrifuging to remove the deformed protein to obtain polysaccharide solution;
s6: adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution into the polysaccharide solution until complex precipitation is achieved, dissolving the precipitate into a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the supernatant until polysaccharide is saturated;
s7: and carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain the water-soluble high-molecular-weight edible fungus polysaccharide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the edible fungus material is crushed in step S1 by first pulverizing into coarse powder and then further pulverizing with a micronizer to obtain edible fungus micropowder.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, microwave is adopted to irradiate edible fungus powder in acid buffer solution, and the volume ratio of the leached material to water is 1: 40.
4. the method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the acidic buffer solution is citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution with concentration of 0.1mol/L and pH value of 4.0-6.0.
5. The method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzyme is added in an amount of 400U/ml in step S4, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-55 ℃, the pH value is 5-6, and the enzymolysis time is 70-90 min.
6. The method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide of claim 1, wherein the Sevag reagent in step S5 is chloroform: the volume ratio of n-butanol is 4: 1, 1/4 is added in the volume of the polysaccharide concentrated solution, and the operation is repeated 4 times in step S5.
7. The method for preparing selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying in step S7 are carried out by adding 2-4 times volume of 95% -100% ethanol into polysaccharide solution, standing for layering, centrifugation, washing the precipitate with ethanol for 1-2 times, and then carrying out vacuum drying or freeze drying.
8. The method for preparing the selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushing device comprises a shell (3) with a hollow interior, a feed inlet (1) is formed in the top of the shell (3), a layering partition plate (9) is arranged in the shell (3), the layering partition plate (9) divides the interior of the shell (3) into two parts which are independent from each other up and down, a crusher (4) is fixed on the top of the upper half part of the interior of the shell (3), a lower leakage opening is formed in the layering partition plate (9), a crusher (7) is fixed on the lower surface of the layering partition plate (9), a discharge opening (6) is formed in the bottom of the shell (3), a sieving plate is arranged between the crusher (7) and the discharge opening, and the sieving plate is fixed on the inner wall of the shell (3).
9. The method for preparing the selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide according to claim 8, wherein the upper half part in the shell (3) is provided with a partition plate (2), the partition plate (2) is fixed on the inner wall of the shell (3) and divides the upper half part in the shell (3) into two independent parts, the left part and the right part, the crusher (4) is positioned on the right side of the partition plate (2), the feed inlet (1) is positioned on the left side of the partition plate (2), the lower discharge opening is positioned below the crusher (4), a feed inclined plane (5) is arranged below the lower discharge opening, the high point of the feed inclined plane (5) is positioned at the lower discharge opening, the low point of the feed inclined plane (5) is close to the crusher (7), the bottom of the partition plate (2) is provided with a feed through opening, a pushing column (10) is arranged below the feed inlet (1), and the pushing column (10) penetrates through the shell (3), a push-pull device (11) capable of pulling the pushing column (10) to reciprocate is fixed on the outer surface of the shell (3), and the end face of the pushing column (10) is opposite to the material passing port.
10. The method for preparing the selenium-rich edible fungus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 9, wherein the pulverizer (7) comprises a driving shaft (71), the upper end of the driving shaft (71) is fixed with the layered partition plate (9), the lower end of the driving shaft is provided with a pulverizing blade (73), a drying fan (72) is arranged above the pulverizing blade (73), the drying fan (72) is fixed on the driving shaft (71), and the air outlet of the drying fan is aligned with the pulverizing blade (73).
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