CN113213809B

CN113213809B - Statuary material and configuration method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113213809B
Application number: CN202110463064.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 齐武斌; 张占伟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-04-28
Filing date: 2021-04-28
Publication date: 2023-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-28
Also published as: CN113213809A

Abstract

The invention discloses a statuary material and a configuration method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of statutes. Meanwhile, the material is simple in configuration method, and can be obtained through the steps of pulp preparation, fiber preparation, raw material mixing and the like, compared with the traditional materials and processes, the invention solves the technical problems of complex process and high cost in the sculpture art, and particularly solves the technical bottleneck that a sculpture practitioner uses clay materials or refined oil sludge to copy a die in the creation process.

Description

Statuary material and configuration method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sculpture, in particular to a statuary material.

Background

In the art field of sculpture at home and abroad, two materials, namely fine clay and refined oil sludge, are the most widely used shaping base materials at present.

(1) The clay has long history of use, wide and various distribution in nature, and its main chemical components are silicon-aluminum oxide and water, and is characterized by that it can be combined with proper quantity of water to form the invented clay with strong plasticity, and after the dewatering volume is contracted, it is hardened. The raw materials are popular, the cost is low, the texture is fine, the plasticity is strong, the artistic effect is good, and the material is favored by middle and outer artists and is also the sculpturing material which is most widely applied by practitioners.

At present, the use of fine clay sculpture in China is divided into two processes: the teaching process of the beauty parlor and the traditional color plastic process, wherein:

the technological method of the teaching of the beauty parlor comprises the following steps: the metal binding or welding skeleton, clay soft mud molding, clay plastic surface gypsum (or silica gel) molding, and the molding to produce gypsum, glass fiber reinforced plastic or bronze sculpture.

The traditional color plastic process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a body framework by branches or timber, binding grass bundles on a wood frame, applying clay soft mud doped with fine sand and wheat straw on the surface of the grass bundles to form a large shape, adding soft mud doped with fine sand and hemp knives to form details, adding fine sand and cotton wool on the surface of the soft mud, drying in the shade, repairing seams with large white powder, surface batch, polishing, coloring, and keeping the Chinese color plastic process for a long time, wherein the color plastic in the period of North Wei and West Wei of Dunhuang mogao cave and wheat mountain grotto is left for more than 1500 years at present.

(2) The refined oil sludge is derived from the United states, and starts to appear in China around 2000, and the main components of the refined oil sludge are vaseline, paraffin, ceresin and stone powder stearic acid, and the refined oil sludge is characterized by being soft when being heated and hard when being cooled, and being stable below 20 ℃, and has the advantages of fine texture, strong plasticity, no need of maintenance in the use process, and no sticking to hands, and because the main components of the refined oil sludge are paraffin and stone powder, the refined oil sludge has stronger stability compared with fine clay. The process method of the refined oil sludge comprises the following steps: the metal binding or welding skeleton, the refined oil sludge molding body, the clay surface molding gypsum (or silica gel) mold, the mold is utilized to turn gypsum, glass fiber reinforced plastic or bronze sculpture, the material is transferred into China from the United states before and after 2000 years, and the material is convenient to use and easy to manage, and is mainly applied to the fields of artists, models of handholds and industrial modeling at present.

In the above-mentioned statuary material and process of the existing statuary, there are technical disadvantages as follows:

(1) The fine clay is characterized in that the clay can be prepared into soft clay with extremely strong plasticity by combining with a proper amount of water, and the clay becomes hard after the volume of dehydration is contracted. The existing teaching process of the beauty parlors has the defects that the process is complex in process of the mold reproduction link, high in cost and difficult to widely popularize because the process is complicated in the process of the mold reproduction link and the cost is high.

(2) The traditional Chinese colored plastic process is characterized in that the shrinkage rate generated in the drying process of clay is absorbed by utilizing internal grass bundles, meanwhile, the shrinkage rate can be reduced by adding fine sand into the clay, the technical problem of surface cracking in the clay plastic shrinkage process caused by an internal framework is effectively solved by the application of the two process materials, the drawknot effect of the clay is improved by a hemp cutter and cotton, the whole sculpture has certain strength, a mould is not required to be copied, and the cost is low. The biggest disadvantage is that the body type is heavy, the strength is weak, the damage is easy, the device is only suitable for being placed at a fixed position, is not suitable for going out for exhibition, and is not easy to repair after the damage.

(3) The main components of the refined oil sludge are vaseline, paraffin, ceresin and stone powder stearic acid, and the refined oil sludge is characterized by softening when meeting heat, and shaping the shape after softening by heating with an external oven, warm water and the like in the use process. The composition of the components determines the superior stability, is not affected by the change of volume caused by the influence of dry and wet, and has the greatest advantages that the framework is not cracked, maintenance is not needed, and the repairing is easy. The vaseline, paraffin and ceresin are used as the binding agent of the materials, the property of thermal softening determines that the materials are easily affected by temperature change, the strength is obviously weakened after the room temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the materials are not suitable for long-term storage and transportation, the defects are that the strength is small, the materials are easily affected by temperature, the materials cannot be colored, and the cost is greatly increased due to the fact that the mould must be duplicated in the later period.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a statuary material, a method for preparing the same, and an application thereof, wherein the statuary material is synthesized to form an ultralight, high-strength and high-toughness statuary material by utilizing the technical characteristics of easy combination and no cracking of a flocculent structure of a fiber material. Meanwhile, the material is simple in configuration method, and can be obtained through the steps of pulp preparation, fiber preparation, raw material mixing and the like, compared with the traditional materials and processes, the invention solves the technical problems of complex process and high cost in the sculpture art, and particularly solves the technical bottleneck that a sculpture practitioner uses clay materials or refined oil sludge to copy a die in the creation process.

The invention solves the problems by the following technical means:

a statuary material, comprising, in parts by weight: pulp: 20 to 40 parts by weight; viscose fiber: 10 to 30 parts by weight; plant fiber: 10 to 40 parts by weight; additive: 10 to 35 parts by weight; colloid: 5 to 15 parts by weight; water: 10 to 30 parts by weight; the paper pulp comprises one or more of wood pulp, straw pulp, hemp pulp, reed pulp, cane pulp and bamboo pulp; the plant fibers comprise one or more of cotton fibers, hemp fibers and palm fibers; the additives include one or more of a volume additive, a hardness additive, and a preservative additive; the colloid comprises one or more of vegetable gum, animal gum, rubber type gum and resin type gum.

Preferably, the pulp is mechanical pulp, and the water content of the pulp is 15-25%. The cutting length of the viscose fiber is 15 to 50 millimeters, and the fineness of the viscose fiber is 0.8 to 4.5 dtex. The plant fiber comprises the following components: 5 to 15 parts by weight of fiber; 5 to 15 parts by weight of fibrilia; the palm fiber accounts for 0 to 10 parts by weight.

Preferably, the additives include a volume additive, a hardness additive, and a preservative additive, wherein: the volume additive comprises one or more of sawdust, clay, coconut soil and foam; the hardness additive comprises one or more of sand grains, stone grains and ceramsite; the preservative additive comprises one or more of an acidic preservative, a lipid preservative, an inorganic salt preservative and a biological preservative. Wherein, in the additive, the following components: 5 to 15 parts by weight of a volume additive; 5 to 15 parts by weight of a hardness additive; the preservative additive accounts for 0 to 5 parts by weight.

The configuration method of the statuary material includes the following steps:

1) Pulp preparation: mechanically taking the paper pulp after soaking the paper in water for 20 to 40 minutes, and ensuring the water content of the paper pulp to be 15 to 25 percent;

2) Preparing fibers: preparing flocculent plant fibers and viscose fibers, wherein: the plant fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, fibrilia and palm fiber, the cutting length of the viscose fiber is 15-50 mm, and the fineness of the viscose fiber is 0.8-4.5 dtex;

3) Mixing raw materials; thoroughly mixing, beating and stirring 20 to 40 parts by weight of pulp, 10 to 30 parts by weight of viscose, 10 to 40 parts by weight of plant fiber, 10 to 30 parts by weight of additive, 5 to 15 parts by weight of colloid, 10 to 30 parts by weight of water until the mixture fully absorbs moisture, wherein: the additives include one or more of a volume additive, a hardness additive, and a preservative additive.

Preferably, the raw material mixing step specifically includes the following steps:

1) Mixing 20 to 40 parts by weight of paper pulp, 10 to 30 parts by weight of viscose, 10 to 40 parts by weight of plant fiber and 10 to 30 parts by weight of water, beating, adding 5 to 15 parts by weight of volume additive and 5 to 15 parts by weight of hardness additive in the stirring process to adjust the mixture dryness and humidity until the mixture fully absorbs water, has certain adhesiveness after extrusion and does not obviously give out water;

2) Adding 5 to 15 parts by weight of colloid and 0 to 5 parts by weight of preservative additive into the mixture, and fully mixing and stirring for at least 60 minutes;

3) And bagging, sealing and storing the fully mixed statuary material in a shady environment.

The use of the statuary material in a statuary, comprising the steps of:

1) And (3) manufacturing a framework: making a framework by using iron wires or welding the framework by using steel bars;

2) And (3) material pasting: shaping by applying sculpture materials layer by layer on the framework or grids among the frameworks according to the design, wherein the thickness of each layer is controlled to be 0.5-1 cm, each layer is applied for a certain time, and shaping is added again after the layers are sufficiently dried and contracted until the shaping is completed;

3) Polishing and coloring: and (3) after the water sand is used for polishing for multiple times, spraying the ground color, and then rendering by using other colors.

Wherein, the skeleton preparation includes the following steps:

when the sculpture height is below 80 cm, a No. 10 or No. 12 galvanized iron wire is used for manufacturing a framework, and the detail part of the framework is folded and wrapped by tin paper;

when the sculpture height is 80-120 cm, a framework is manufactured by using No. 10 or No. 12 galvanized iron wires, and the part of the framework, which is in contact with the ground and is stressed, is reinforced by using No. 8 galvanized iron wires;

when the sculpture height exceeds 120 cm, a main body framework is welded by using common steel bars with the length of 6mm, and the main body part of the framework is supplemented with 8 or 10 iron wires to form a hollow cage net.

The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The ingredients of the statuary material are simple and easy to obtain, and different application requirements can be met by adjusting the additive. Meanwhile, the statuary material fully utilizes the technical characteristics of non-cracking and easy combination of the flocculent structure of the fiber material, and the statuary material with ultra-light weight, high strength and high toughness is formed after synthesis.

(2) The sculpturing material is prepared by the steps of pulp preparation, fiber preparation, raw material mixing and the like, and solves the technical problems of complex process and high cost in the sculpturing art compared with the traditional materials and processes. In particular to solving the technical bottleneck that clay materials or refined oil sludge are used by sculpture practitioners and a mould must be copied in the creation process.

(3) The application process of the statuary material is very simple: the iron wire skeleton is tied, the shape is molded, the polishing and the coloring are carried out, the step of copying a mould is omitted, and the total cost of the carving is about 80 percent for practitioners. The weight of the finished product is about one third of that of glass fiber reinforced plastic and one fifth of that of traditional colored plastic under the same weight, and the strength of bronze material is close to that of common solid wood. Because of the characteristics of ultra-light and high strength, the modeling is convenient to make more difficult and complex, and finally, the statuary material can be polished and colored and is easy to repair.

(4) The statuary material has excellent binding property with clay, is ultra-light and high in strength, and has wide application prospect in the field of ancient colored plastic repair.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood. The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

Example 1

In this embodiment, the statuary material includes, in parts by weight: pulp: 20 to 40 parts by weight; viscose fiber: 10 to 30 parts by weight; plant fiber: 10 to 40 parts by weight; additive: 10 to 35 parts by weight; colloid: 5 to 15 parts by weight; water: 10 to 30 parts by weight.

It should be noted that, the pulp is generally made of coarse fibers, for example: wood pulp, straw pulp or hemp pulp, etc., the water content of the pulp should be 15% to 25%.

Viscose is a full name of viscose, and is a cellulose fiber obtained by extracting and remolding fiber molecules from natural wood cellulose by taking 'wood' as a raw material, wherein in the embodiment, the cutting length of the viscose is 15 to 50 millimeters, the fineness of the viscose is 0.8 to 4.5 dtex, the cutting length of the viscose cotton type short fiber is 35 to 40 millimeters, and the fineness is 1.1 to 2.8dtex (1.0 to 2.5 denier); the cutting length of the viscose wool type short fiber is 51-76 mm, and the fineness is 3.3-6.6 dtex (3.0-6.0 denier).

The plant fiber comprises cotton fiber and fibrilia, the cotton fiber can be short staple cotton, the fiber is softer and finer, the effective ratio of coarse, medium and fine can be realized in the material, and the new material has finer and stronger texture. The fibrilia is herbaceous plant, wherein bast fibers such as jute, kenaf and the like have the characteristics of flexibility, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and rain resistance, and the longer fiber component can increase the drawknot performance of the material. In this embodiment, in the plant fiber, the cotton fiber accounts for 5 to 15 parts by weight and the hemp fiber accounts for 5 to 15 parts by weight.

The additive comprises a volume additive, a hardness additive and a preservative additive, and the colloid adopts vegetable gum. The volume additive has the functions of reducing the weight of the material and the volume shrinkage rate, the hardness additive has the functions of increasing the hardness of the material and the shrinkage rate, and the preservative additive can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The additive is that: 5 to 15 parts by weight of a volume additive; 5 to 15 parts by weight of a hardness additive; the preservative additive accounts for 0 to 5 parts by weight.

Example two

In this embodiment, the statuary material includes, in parts by weight: pulp: 25 to 35 parts by weight; viscose fiber: 15 to 25 parts by weight; plant fiber: 10 to 25 parts by weight; additive: 15 to 30 parts by weight; colloid: 10 to 15 parts by weight; water: 10 to 30 parts by weight;

the paper pulp can be one or more of wood pulp, straw pulp, hemp pulp, reed pulp, cane pulp and bamboo pulp, and is crushed by a mechanical way, so that the water content of the paper pulp is ensured to be 15-25%. The plant fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, fibrilia and palm fiber, the plant fiber is in a consistent flocculent structure, the additive comprises one or more of volume additive, hardness additive and anti-corrosion additive, and the volume additive, the hardness additive and the anti-corrosion additive can be matched according to the situation, so that the hardness and the volume shrinkage of the statuary material can meet the requirements. The colloid comprises one or more of vegetable gum, animal gum, rubber type gum and resin type gum, and is mainly used for adhesion, and is generally colorless viscous liquid colloid, preferably odorless, odorless and tough colloid material.

In the plant fiber, the cotton fiber can account for 4 to 10 weight parts, and the fibrilia can account for 4 to 10 weight parts; palm fiber is 1 to 5 parts by weight. The short floss cotton fiber is softer and finer, and the effective proportion of coarse, medium and fine can be realized in the material, so that the new material has finer and stronger texture. The hemp is a herbaceous plant, wherein bast fibers such as jute, kenaf and the like have the characteristics of flexibility, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and rain resistance, and the longer fiber component can increase the drawknot performance of the material.

The additive comprises 5 to 15 parts by weight of volume additive, 8 to 15 parts by weight of hardness additive and 1 to 2 parts by weight of preservative additive, wherein the volume additive comprises any one of saw dust, clay, coconut soil and foam, and the hardness additive comprises any one of sand grains, stone grains and ceramsite; the antiseptic additive comprises any one of acid antiseptic, lipid antiseptic, inorganic salt antiseptic and biological antiseptic.

Example III

The configuration method of the statuary material includes the following steps:

1) Pulp preparation: after soaking the paper in water for 20 to 40 minutes, the pulp is mechanically obtained to ensure the water content of the pulp is 15 to 25%, and in this embodiment, the paper may be newspaper, kraft paper, cardboard, and the like.

2) Preparing fibers: preparing flocculent plant fibers and viscose fibers, wherein: the plant fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, fibrilia and palm fiber, the cutting length of the viscose fiber is 15-50 mm, the fineness of the viscose fiber is 0.8-4.5 dtex, and the cotton fiber, fibrilia and palm fiber should be combed in advance, mixed and repeatedly beaten to be fused with each other.

3) Mixing raw materials; thoroughly mixing and beating 20 to 40 parts by weight of pulp, 10 to 30 parts by weight of viscose, 10 to 40 parts by weight of plant fiber, 10 to 30 parts by weight of additive, 5 to 15 parts by weight of colloid, 10 to 30 parts by weight of water until the mixture absorbs water, wherein: the additives include one or more of a volume additive, a hardness additive, and a preservative additive.

In the embodiment, the raw materials are mixed to be fully fused, and the mixture is put into a sealed fresh-keeping bag and stored in shade at normal temperature.

Example IV

In this example, the raw material mixing step specifically includes the following steps:

1) Mixing 20 to 40 parts by weight of paper pulp, 10 to 30 parts by weight of viscose, 10 to 40 parts by weight of plant fiber and 10 to 30 parts by weight of water, adding 5 to 15 parts by weight of volume additive and 5 to 15 parts by weight of hardness additive in the stirring process to adjust the dry humidity of the mixture until the mixture fully absorbs water, has certain adhesiveness after extrusion and does not obviously give out water;

2) Adding 5 to 15 parts by weight of colloid and 0 to 5 parts by weight of preservative additive to the mixture, and fully mixing and stirring for at least 60 minutes, wherein the preservative additive is not necessarily added, and generally 0.5 to 2 parts by weight is added.

Example five

The use of the statuary material in a statuary, comprising the steps of:

2) And (3) material pasting: shaping by applying the statuary material layer by layer on the framework or the grids among the frameworks according to the design, wherein the thickness of each layer is kept between 0.5 and 1 cm, the thickness of the statuary material with larger volume can be properly increased, each layer is applied for a certain interval time, and shaping is added again after the statuary material is fully dried and contracted until the statuary is completed;

the cage net part is required to be simultaneously applied inside and outside in the layer-by-layer application process so as to increase the overall strength of the framework.

3) Polishing and coloring: and (3) after the water sand is used for polishing for multiple times, spraying the ground color, and then rendering by using other colors. Specifically, the color effect of the finished works is similar to the natural color of mud, and the works have certain texture. If the beautiful effect is required, the water sand with 80 meshes and 150 meshes can be adopted for polishing for several times, the surface is cleaned after the finish degree is achieved, white background color is sprayed, then the white background color is rendered by other colors, and the water color, such as traditional Chinese painting pigment, watercolor and propylene, is adopted for pigment selection.

Example six

In the embodiment, in the process of manufacturing the framework, when the sculpture height is below 80 cm, a No. 10 or No. 12 galvanized iron wire is used for manufacturing the framework, and the detail part of the framework is wrapped by adopting tinfoil. Specifically, the body weight is a saving time when the sculpture is molded under 80 cm, the shrinkage rate of the material is controlled, the detail part can be wrapped on the framework after being folded by tinfoil and pressed with force, the thickness allowance of about 0.5 to 1 cm is reserved from the surface, and then the sculpture is molded by using new material. The part with larger body weight is required to be pricked out of the cage net and then is molded, so that the overall weight of the sculpture is lightened, the part close to the cage net is required to be simultaneously applied inside and outside to increase the overall strength of the framework, then the molded body is added layer by layer, the excessive moisture in the evaporation material is required to be properly aired at intervals in the molding process, and the molding is added again after the molding is fully dried and contracted until the body is satisfied.

Example seven

In the embodiment, in the manufacturing process of the framework, when the sculpture height is 80-120 cm, the framework is manufactured by using No. 10 or No. 12 galvanized iron wires, and the framework and the ground contact stress part are reinforced by using No. 8 galvanized iron wires. Specifically, the framework is manufactured by using No. 10 (3.5 mm) or No. 12 (2.8 mm) galvanized iron wires, and after the framework is completed, the stressed part contacted with the ground is reinforced by using No. 8 (4 mm) iron wires, so that the whole weight can be lightened, the difficulty of manufacturing the framework can be reduced, and the time is saved.

Example eight

In the embodiment, in the manufacturing process of the framework, when the height of the sculpture exceeds 120 cm, a main framework is welded by using common steel bars with the length of 6mm, and the detail part of the framework is supplemented with No. 8 or No. 10 iron wire netting. Specifically, a main body framework is welded by using common steel bars with the length of 6mm, iron wires with the length of 8 or 10 are used as auxiliary materials, the hollow framework is required to be pricked at the position with larger body weight, then the surface is wound by using the thin iron wires to form grids with the spacing of 1 cm, and then surface materials are applied.

It should be noted that the application process of the statuary material is very simple: the iron wire skeleton is tied, the shape is molded, the polishing and the coloring are carried out, the step of copying a mould is omitted, and the total cost of the carving is about 80 percent for practitioners. The weight of the finished product is about one third of that of glass fiber reinforced plastic and one fifth of that of traditional colored plastic under the same weight, and the strength of bronze material is close to that of common solid wood.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents, for example: the statuary material may be made of bamboo, wood or other synthetic materials, not limited to bamboo; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A statuary material, comprising, in parts by weight:

pulp: 20 to 40 parts by weight;

viscose fiber: 10 to 30 parts by weight;

plant fiber: 10 to 40 parts by weight;

additive: 10 to 35 parts by weight;

colloid: 5 to 15 parts by weight;

water: 10 to 30 parts by weight;

the paper pulp comprises one or more of wood pulp, straw pulp, hemp pulp, reed pulp, cane pulp and bamboo pulp;

the plant fibers comprise one or more of cotton fibers, hemp fibers and palm fibers;

the additives include one or more of a volume additive, a hardness additive, and a corrosion protection additive, wherein: the volume additive comprises one or more of sawdust, clay, coconut soil and foam; the hardness additive comprises one or more of sand grains, stone grains and ceramsite; the preservative additive comprises one or more of an acid preservative, a lipid preservative, an inorganic salt preservative and a biological preservative; 5 to 15 parts by weight of a volume additive; 5 to 15 parts by weight of a hardness additive; 0 to 5 parts by weight of a preservative additive;

the colloid comprises one or more of vegetable gum, animal gum, rubber type gum and resin type gum.

2. The statuary material according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the pulp is 15 to 25%.

3. The statuary material according to claim 1, wherein the cutting length of the viscose fiber is 15 to 50 mm and the fineness of the viscose fiber is 0.8 to 4.5 dtex.

4. The statuary material according to claim 1, wherein in said plant fiber:

cotton fiber accounts for 5 to 15 weight parts;

5 to 15 parts by weight of fibrilia;

the palm fiber accounts for 0 to 10 parts by weight.

5. A method of arranging a statuary material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the raw material mixing step specifically includes the steps of:

1) Mixing 20 to 40 parts by weight of pulp, 10 to 30 parts by weight of viscose, 10 to 40 parts by weight of plant fiber and 10 to 30 parts by weight of water, beating, adding 5 to 15 parts by weight of volume additive and 5 to 15 parts by weight of hardness additive during stirring to adjust the dry humidity of the mixture until the mixture fully absorbs water;

7. Use of the statuary material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a statuary, comprising the steps of:

2) And (3) material pasting: shaping by applying sculpture materials layer by layer on the framework or grids among the frameworks according to the design, wherein the thickness of each layer is kept between 0.5 and 1 cm, each layer is applied for a certain time, and shaping is added again after the layers are sufficiently dried and contracted until the shaping is completed;

8. The use of the statuary material according to claim 7, wherein said framing comprises the steps of: