CN113211140A

CN113211140A - Precision universal clamp for machining oil hole of engine crankshaft and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113211140A
Application number: CN202110710980.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑贵庆
Original assignee: Zibo Vocational Institute
Current assignee: Zibo Vocational Institute
Priority date: 2021-06-25
Filing date: 2021-06-25
Publication date: 2021-08-06

Abstract

The invention relates to a precision universal fixture for machining an oil hole of an engine crankshaft and a use method thereof, and aims to overcome the defects of the existing crankshaft oil hole machining and machining fixture, a fixture for adjusting the machining posture of the crankshaft in a double-rotation and high-precision mode is designed, so that the rotary freedom degree in a numerical control machining machine tool is replaced, the cost is obviously reduced, and the machining precision requirement is met. The clamp innovatively adopts the structural design of the arc-shaped guide rail and the arc-shaped guide rail groove to perform turnover guide, and has the advantages of guide precision, stable operation and stable structure; the balance adjusting mechanism is designed to realize the gravity balance of each part on the workbench and solve the problem of the overturning impact caused by the unbalanced gravity; the hollow automatic clamping chuck A is fixedly arranged, and the moving seat A is provided with a machine tool tailstock and an automatic clamping chuck B which are driven by electric rotation, so that accurate rotation adjustment and locking during machining are realized. The whole has the advantages of reasonable structural design, high positioning precision, high running precision, reduced oil hole processing cost, strong universality and the like.

Description

Precision universal clamp for machining oil hole of engine crankshaft and using method thereof

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of crankshaft machining equipment, in particular to a precision universal clamp for machining an oil hole of an engine crankshaft and a using method thereof.

Background art:

the crankshaft is a soul accessory of the engine, and the reciprocating motion of the piston is changed into rotary motion through the connecting rod, so that the heat energy generated after fuel combustion is converted into mechanical energy. In actual work, the crankshaft not only bears periodic bending moment and torsional moment, but also bears the additional stress of torsional vibration, so the stress condition of the crankshaft is very complex, the crankshaft of the engine has high strength, rigidity, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and impact toughness, the mass of the crankshaft is required to be as small as possible, and the journals are required to be fully lubricated.

At present, a main lubricating mode for a crankshaft is to process a lubricating oil channel (oil hole) on the crankshaft, wherein the lubricating oil channel comprises an inclined oil channel and/or a straight oil channel, the processing for the straight oil channel is relatively simple, the processing precision is high, but the processing for the inclined oil channel is difficult to realize, and particularly the processing precision is difficult to guarantee. The prior art mainly adopts the following modes for processing the crankshaft oil hole: firstly, a relatively traditional radial drilling machine is adopted for processing, the processing mode not only needs a special clamp, but also needs a large amount of manual operation, and the processing precision and the processing efficiency are low; secondly, a high-end five-axis numerical control machining center is adopted, the machining mode has the advantages of high machining efficiency, high machining precision and the like, but the price is very high, most core technologies are mastered by foreign enterprises, and the later maintenance is difficult; thirdly, through improving anchor clamps, make anchor clamps increase the degree of freedom to reduce the requirement to the digit control machine tool degree of freedom, for example increase a rotational degree of freedom on anchor clamps, the digit control machine tool just can reduce a rotational degree of freedom like this, adopt four-axis digit control machine tool can, and then can effectively practice thrift the cost, the machining precision also can satisfy basically. The method has some defects, firstly, most of the crankshafts are clamped by the chucks, so that the crankshafts are difficult to mount, and particularly, the large crankshafts are time-consuming and labor-consuming to mount; secondly, the four-axis numerical control machine tool still has higher cost, and the clamp is to be further improved; thirdly, the machining precision is general and needs to be further improved. Therefore, it is necessary to design a novel clamp, so that the cost of the crankshaft machining equipment is further reduced, the crankshaft is convenient to assemble and disassemble, the machining precision of the crankshaft oil hole is improved, and the clamp has strong universality.

The above description is included in the technical recognition scope of the inventors, and does not necessarily constitute the prior art.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a precision universal fixture for machining an oil hole of an engine crankshaft and a using method thereof, and has the advantages of reasonable structural design, high positioning precision, high running precision, reduced oil hole machining cost, strong universality and the like.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:

accurate universal fixturing is used in processing of engine crankshaft oilhole includes:

the rotary table comprises a rack, wherein a rotating shaft is arranged on the rack, a rotary table is arranged on the rotating shaft, two arc-shaped guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the rotary table, arc-shaped guide rail grooves which are matched with the arc-shaped guide rails for guiding are correspondingly arranged on the rack, the arc-shaped guide rail grooves respectively contact and limit two side surfaces and the bottom surface of the arc-shaped guide rails, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotary driving mechanism A, an angle sensor A is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft, a locking cylinder A is arranged in the middle of the rack, the locking cylinder A is connected with an arc-shaped friction plate, and the arc-shaped friction plate acts on the arc-shaped guide rails and is used for locking the rotary table;

the balance adjusting mechanism comprises two guide rails A arranged on a rotary table at intervals, the guide rails A are arranged along the length direction of the rotary table, a workbench is arranged on the guide rails A, a servo motor A is arranged on the rotary table and connected with a lead screw A, the lead screw A is connected with a screw A on the workbench, pneumatic lifting columns are arranged below two sides of the rotary table respectively, a pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of each pneumatic lifting column, locking cylinders B are arranged on two sides of the workbench respectively, the locking cylinders B are connected with locking blocks B, a locking plate B matched with the locking blocks B is arranged on the rotary table, and the workbench is locked on the rotary table by the locking cylinders B;

the material receiving mechanism comprises two guide rails B arranged on the workbench at intervals, the guide rails B are arranged along the length direction of the workbench, two V-shaped blocks used for receiving a crankshaft are arranged on the guide rails B, a screw B is arranged at the lower ends of the V-shaped blocks, the screw B is connected with a lead screw B, and the lead screw B is connected with a servo motor B;

the positioning and rotating mechanism comprises two guide rails C arranged on a workbench at intervals, the guide rails C are arranged along the length direction of the workbench, a moving seat A and a moving seat B are arranged on the guide rails C, a nut C is arranged at the bottom of the moving seat A and is connected with a lead screw C, the lead screw C is connected with a servo motor C, a hollow automatic clamping chuck A is fixedly arranged on the moving seat A, a nut D is arranged at the bottom of the moving seat B and is connected with a lead screw D, the lead screw D is connected with a servo motor D, an automatic clamping chuck B is rotatably arranged on the moving seat B, the central lines of the hollow automatic clamping chuck A and the automatic clamping chuck B are collinear, the hollow automatic clamping chuck A is matched with the automatic clamping chuck B to lift a crankshaft for positioning and clamping, a machine tool tailstock is arranged on the moving seat A, and a top in the machine tool is arranged in the middle of the hollow automatic clamping chuck A, the automatic clamping chuck B is provided with a main shaft, an angle sensor B is arranged at the end part of the main shaft, and the main shaft is connected with a rotary driving mechanism B;

and the angle sensor A, the rotary driving mechanism A, the locking cylinder A, the pneumatic lifting column, the pressure sensor, the servo motor A, the servo motor B, the hollow automatic clamping chuck A, the automatic clamping chuck B, the angle sensor B and the rotary driving mechanism B are respectively connected with the control system.

The rotary driving mechanism A comprises a rotary driving servo motor A, the rotary driving servo motor A is connected with a synchronous belt pulley A, a synchronous belt pulley B is arranged on the rotating shaft, a synchronous belt A is arranged between the synchronous belt pulley A and the synchronous belt pulley B, and the rotary driving servo motor A is connected with a control system.

The rotary table and the workbench are of cuboid structures, the rotating center of the rotary table is arranged on the rotating shaft, and two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the rack through bearings.

The arc-shaped guide rail is of a semicircular structure.

And distance sensors are arranged on the two V-shaped blocks and are connected with a control system.

The automatic hollow clamping chuck is characterized in that a position sensor A is arranged on the automatic hollow clamping chuck A, a position sensor B is arranged on the automatic hollow clamping chuck B, and the position sensor A and the position sensor B are respectively connected with a control system.

The rotary driving mechanism B comprises a rotary driving servo motor B, the rotary driving servo motor B is connected with a synchronous belt wheel C, a synchronous belt wheel D is arranged on the main shaft, a synchronous belt B is arranged between the synchronous belt wheel C and the synchronous belt wheel D, and the rotary driving servo motor B is connected with a control system.

The locking device is characterized in that locking cylinders C are respectively arranged on the moving seat A and the moving seat B, locking blocks C are arranged on the locking cylinders C, a locking plate C matched and locked with the locking blocks C is fixedly arranged on the workbench, and the locking cylinders C are connected with a control system.

The control system comprises a control cabinet, and an operation table is arranged on the control cabinet.

The use method of the precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft comprises the following steps:

(1) starting a locking cylinder A, locking the arc-shaped guide rail by the locking cylinder A through an arc-shaped friction plate so as to horizontally lock the rotary table, and starting a locking cylinder B to horizontally lock the working table on the rotary table;

(2) adjusting the distance between two V-shaped blocks according to the length of the crankshaft, wherein the V-shaped blocks act on a main journal on the outermost side of the crankshaft;

(3) placing the crankshaft on the two V-shaped blocks, then respectively moving a hollow automatic clamping chuck A on the moving seat A and an automatic clamping chuck B on the moving seat B to two ends of the crankshaft by adjusting the positions of the moving seat A and the moving seat B, starting the hollow automatic clamping chuck A and the automatic clamping chuck B to lift and clamp the crankshaft for positioning, and separating the crankshaft from the V-shaped blocks;

(4) starting the two pneumatic lifting columns, enabling the upper ends of the two pneumatic lifting columns to be equal in height and to be in contact with the rotary table, then locking the air cylinder A to act to loosen the arc-shaped guide rail, detecting whether the rotary table is balanced by using the two pressure sensors, when the numerical difference between the two pressure sensors is larger than an allowable range, locking the air cylinder B to act to loosen the workbench, starting the servo motor A, driving the workbench to move along the guide rail A by the servo motor A through the screw rod A and the screw nut A, when the numerical difference detected by the two pressure sensors is smaller than the allowable range, stopping the servo motor A to act, locking the workbench on the rotary table by the locking air cylinder B, then locking the air cylinder A to act to lock the rotary table, and resetting the pneumatic lifting columns;

(5) when the crankshaft is required to rotate, a top of a tailstock of the machine tool is tightly pressed at the end part of the crankshaft, then the hollow automatic clamping chuck A loosens the crankshaft, a rotary driving servo motor B is started, the rotary driving servo motor B drives the crankshaft to rotate through a synchronous belt wheel C, a synchronous belt B and a synchronous belt wheel D, meanwhile, the rotation angle of the crankshaft is accurately controlled and controlled through an angle sensor B, and when the crankshaft is not required to rotate, the top returns to the hollow automatic clamping chuck A to clamp, position and lock the crankshaft; when the inclined oil hole needs to be machined, the locking cylinder A acts to loosen the arc-shaped guide rail, the rotary driving servo motor A is started, the rotary driving servo motor A drives the rotary shaft to rotate through the synchronous belt pulley A, the synchronous belt A and the synchronous belt pulley B, the rotary shaft drives the rotary table on the rotary shaft to rotate, the rotary table drives the crankshaft on the rotary table to turn, meanwhile, the angle sensor A on the rotary shaft accurately controls the turning angle of the crankshaft, and after the crankshaft is turned in place, the locking cylinder A acts to lock the arc-shaped guide rail.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects:

(1) the clamp can realize accurate adjustment of two rotational degrees of freedom of the crankshaft, so that the requirement on the degree of freedom of a numerical control machining machine tool is lowered, the cost can be remarkably lowered, the rotational precision is high, and the requirement on the machining precision is met; (2) the two movable V-shaped blocks are designed, adjustment can be performed according to the length of the crankshaft, the crankshaft can be conveniently received, and the crankshaft on the V-shaped blocks can be clamped and positioned by designing the movable seat A, the hollow automatic clamping chuck A, the movable seat B and the automatic clamping chuck B, so that the crankshaft can be rapidly clamped; (3) the hollow automatic clamping chuck A is fixedly arranged, and the moving seat A is provided with a machine tool tailstock and an automatic clamping chuck B for electric rotary driving, so that accurate rotary adjustment and locking during processing are realized, and the switching of two working modes is realized; (4) by designing the arc-shaped guide rail and the arc-shaped guide rail groove, the structure not only can realize accurate turning guide, but also has high structural strength and strong impact resistance and deformation resistance, particularly can bear the gravity of each part on a workbench and the impact force during punching, and can accurately control the turning angle by matching with the angle sensor A; (5) through the design balance adjustment mechanism, can realize that each part gravity on the workstation is balanced, can effectively reduce like this because of the unbalanced impact to the upset that leads to of gravity, improve the upset precision, extension tilting mechanism life, especially when the upset just begins, owing to not having the effect of convex friction disc, if the unbalanced very easy revolving stage that leads to of gravity overturns under eccentric gravity, this will lead to the upset precision to descend, therefore balance adjustment is very necessary.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a precision universal fixture according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the precision universal fixture of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the precision universal fixture of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a precision universal fixture according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the precision universal fixture of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the precision universal fixture of the present invention turned over a certain angle;

in the figure, 1, a frame, 2, a rotating shaft, 3, a rotating platform, 4, an arc guide rail, 5, an arc guide rail groove, 6, a rotation driving mechanism A, 601, a rotation driving servo motor A, 602, a synchronous pulley A, 603, a synchronous belt A, 604, a synchronous pulley B, 7, an angle sensor A, 8, a locking cylinder A, 9, an arc friction plate, 10, a balance adjusting mechanism, 1001, a guide rail A, 1002, a workbench, 1003, a servo motor A, 1004, a lead screw A, 1005, a screw A, 1006, a pneumatic lifting column, 1007, a pressure sensor, 1008, a locking cylinder B, 1009, a locking block B, 1010, a locking plate B, 11, a material receiving mechanism, 1101, a guide rail B, 1102, a V-shaped block, a chuck, a screw B, 1103, a lead screw B, a servo motor B, 12 positioning rotating mechanism, 1201, a guide rail C, 1202, a movable seat A, 1203, 1204 and a hollow automatic clamping seat A, 1205. the automatic clamping chuck B, 1206, the machine tool tailstock, 1207, a spindle, 1208, an angle sensor B, 1209, a rotary driving mechanism B, 12091, a rotary driving servo motor B, 12092, a synchronous pulley C, 12093, a synchronous belt B, 12094, a synchronous pulley D, 1210, a nut C, 1211, a lead screw C, 1212, a servo motor C, 1213, a nut D, 1214, a lead screw D, 12015, a servo motor D, 13, a control system, 14, a distance sensor, 15, a position sensor A, 16, a position sensor B, 17, a locking cylinder C, 18, a locking block C, 19, a locking plate C, 20 and a crankshaft.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to more clearly explain the overall concept of the invention, the following detailed description is given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.

In the present invention, the terms "upper end", "middle", "bottom", "front", "rear", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the location of the indicated technical feature.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "provided", "disposed", "connected", "communicating", and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "provided" and "disposed" may be fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrally attached; "connected" may be directly connected or may be connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the invention, it is to be noted that the structural principles of the hollow automatic clamping chuck a, the automatic clamping chuck B and the machine tool tailstock are well-developed, belong to the prior art, and are directly purchased or customized by a manufacturer, and are not described in detail herein.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the crankshaft of the engine comprises:

the device comprises a rack 1, wherein a rotating shaft 2 is arranged on the rack 1, a rotating table 3 is arranged on the rotating shaft 2, two arc-shaped guide rails 4 are symmetrically arranged on the rotating table 3, arc-shaped guide rail grooves 5 which are matched with the arc-shaped guide rails 4 for guiding are correspondingly arranged on the rack 1, the arc-shaped guide rail grooves 5 are respectively in contact limit with two side surfaces and the bottom surface of the arc-shaped guide rails 4, one end of the rotating shaft 2 is connected with a rotary driving mechanism A6, one end of the rotating shaft 2 is provided with an angle sensor A7, the middle part of the rack 1 is provided with a locking cylinder A8, the locking cylinder A8 is connected with an arc-shaped friction plate 9, and the arc-shaped friction plate 9 acts on the arc-shaped guide rails 4 to lock the rotating table 3; above-mentioned structure can carry out accurate direction to rotary motion, and rotation angle accuracy is controllable, and then can realize the high accuracy upset motion of bent axle, is convenient for process bent axle 20's oblique oilhole.

The balance adjusting mechanism 10 comprises two guide rails a1001 arranged on a rotary table 3 at intervals, the guide rails a1001 are arranged along the length direction of the rotary table 3, a workbench 1002 is arranged on the guide rails a1001, a servo motor a1003 is arranged on the rotary table 3, the servo motor a1003 is connected with a lead screw a1004, the lead screw a1004 is connected with a screw nut a1005 on the workbench 1002, pneumatic lifting columns 1006 are respectively arranged below two sides of the rotary table 3 (in order to not affect the turnover of the rotary table, the pneumatic lifting columns 1006 can be buried underground), a pressure sensor 1007 is arranged at the upper end of the pneumatic lifting columns 1006, locking cylinders B1008 are respectively arranged on two sides of the workbench 1002, the locking cylinders B1008 are connected with locking blocks B1009, a locking plate B1010 matched with the locking blocks B1009 is arranged on the rotary table 3, and the workbench 1002 is locked by the locking cylinders B1008; through designing the balance adjusting mechanism, the gravity balance of each part on the workbench 1002 can be realized (the rotary table is initially horizontal, but crankshafts of different models can cause unbalance, so that adjustment is needed), so that the impact on overturning caused by the unbalance of gravity can be effectively reduced, the overturning precision is improved, the service life of the overturning mechanism is prolonged, and particularly, when the overturning starts, the overturning precision is reduced because the arc-shaped friction plate 9 is not used, if the gravity is unbalanced, the rotary table 3 is easy to overturn under the action of eccentric gravity, so that the overturning precision is reduced, and the balance adjustment is very necessary;

the receiving mechanism 11 comprises two guide rails B1101 arranged on a workbench 1002 at intervals, the guide rails B1101 are arranged along the length direction of the workbench 1002, two V-shaped blocks 1102 used for receiving a crankshaft 20 are arranged on the guide rails B1101, a screw B1103 is arranged at the lower ends of the V-shaped blocks 1102, the screw B1103 is connected with a lead screw B1104, and the lead screw B1104 is connected with a servo motor B1105; the crankshafts 20 with different lengths can be quickly connected;

the positioning and rotating mechanism 12 comprises two guide rails C1201 arranged on a workbench 1002 at intervals, the guide rails C1201 are arranged along the length direction of the workbench 1002, the guide rails C1201 are provided with a moving seat A1202 and a moving seat B1203, the bottom of the moving seat A1202 is provided with a nut C1210, the nut C1210 is connected with a lead screw C1211, the lead screw C1211 is connected with a servo motor C1212, the moving seat A1202 is fixedly provided with a hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204, the bottom of the moving seat B1203 is provided with a nut D1213, the nut D1213 is connected with a lead screw D1214, the lead screw D1214 is connected with a servo motor D1215, the moving seat B1203 is rotatably provided with an automatic clamping chuck B1205, the center lines of the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 and the automatic clamping chuck B1205 are collinear, the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 is matched with the automatic clamping chuck B1205 to lift the crankshaft 20 to position and clamp the top, the moving seat A is provided with a machine tailstock 1206, and the hollow tailstock 1206 in the machine tool 1206 is arranged in the middle of the automatic clamping chuck A1204, a main shaft 1207 is arranged on the automatic clamping chuck B1205, an angle sensor B1208 is arranged at the end part of the main shaft 1207, and the main shaft 1207 is connected with a rotation driving mechanism B1209; the crankshaft 20 on the V-shaped block 1102 is quickly lifted, clamped and positioned, the lifting height is very small, only the crankshaft is required to be separated from the V-shaped block, and the crankshaft is ensured not to be influenced by the V-shaped block 1102 during rotation.

The control system 13, the angle sensor A7, the rotation driving mechanism A6, the locking air cylinder A8, the pneumatic lifting column 1006, the pressure sensor 1007, the servo motor A1003, the servo motor B1105, the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204, the automatic clamping chuck B1205, the angle sensor B1208 and the rotation driving mechanism B1209 are respectively connected with the control system 13. The clamp can realize the accurate adjustment of two rotational degrees of freedom of the crankshaft 20, thereby reducing the requirement on the degree of freedom of a numerical control machining machine tool, remarkably reducing the cost, having high rotational precision and meeting the requirement on the machining precision; by designing the two movable V-shaped blocks 1102, the length of the crankshaft 20 can be adjusted, the crankshaft 20 can be conveniently received, and by designing the movable seat A1202, the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204, the movable seat B1203 and the automatic clamping chuck B1205, the crankshaft 20 on the V-shaped blocks 1102 can be clamped and positioned, so that the crankshaft 20 can be rapidly clamped; the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 is fixedly arranged, and a machine tool tailstock 1206 and an automatic clamping chuck B1205 are arranged on a moving seat A1202 and are electrically driven to rotate, so that accurate rotation adjustment and locking during processing are realized, and two working modes are switched; by designing the arc-shaped guide rail 4 and the arc-shaped guide rail groove 5, the structure not only can realize accurate turning guide, but also has high structural strength and strong impact resistance and deformation resistance, particularly can bear the gravity of each part on the workbench 1002 and the impact force during punching, and can accurately control the turning angle by matching with an angle sensor A7; through design balance adjustment mechanism 10, can realize that each part gravity on the workstation 1002 is balanced, can effectively reduce like this because of the unbalanced impact to the upset that leads to of gravity, improve the upset precision, extension tilting mechanism life, especially when the upset just begins, owing to not having the effect of convex friction disc 9, if the unbalanced very easy upset that leads to revolving stage 3 under eccentric gravity, this will lead to the upset precision to descend, therefore balance adjustment is very necessary.

The rotary driving mechanism A6 includes rotary driving servo motor A601, rotary driving servo motor A601 is connected with synchronous pulley A602, be equipped with synchronous pulley B603 on the pivot 2, be equipped with synchronous belt A604 between synchronous pulley A602 and synchronous pulley B603, rotary driving servo motor A601 is connected with control system 13. The rotary driving is carried out by adopting a transmission mode of a servo motor and a synchronous belt, the rotary driving device has the advantages of high running precision, low cost and the like, and the precision control on the rotary angle can be realized by matching with an angle sensor A7.

The rotary table 3 and the workbench 1002 are of cuboid structures, the rotation center of the rotary table 3 is arranged on the rotating shaft 2, and two ends of the rotating shaft 2 are arranged on the rack 1 through bearings.

The circular arc guide rail 4 is of a semicircular structure. The integral structure is still safe and reliable when the position is different.

Distance sensors 14 are arranged on the two V-shaped blocks 1102, and the distance sensors 14 are connected with a control system 13. Which is easily adjusted according to the length of the crankshaft 20.

The hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 is provided with a position sensor A15, the automatic clamping chuck B1205 is provided with a position sensor B16, and the position sensor A15 and the position sensor B16 are respectively connected with the control system 13.

The rotation driving mechanism B1209 includes a rotation driving servo motor B12091, the rotation driving servo motor B12091 is connected to a synchronous pulley C12092, a synchronous pulley D12093 is disposed on the spindle 1207, a synchronous belt B12094 is disposed between the synchronous pulley C12092 and the synchronous pulley D12093, and the rotation driving servo motor B12091 is connected to the control system 13.

Move and be equipped with locking cylinder C17 on seat A1202 and the seat B1203 that moves respectively, be equipped with latch segment C18 on the locking cylinder C17, fixed being equipped with on the workstation 1002 with the locking plate C19 that latch segment C18 cooperation was locked, locking cylinder C17 is connected with control system 13. Later stage bent axle processing needs the upset, consequently removes seat A and removes seat B atress condition complicacy, needs complicated locking, just so can ensure the safe and reliable of whole course of working, and processingquality can guarantee.

The control system 13 comprises a control cabinet, an operation table is arranged on the control cabinet, the control system can be purchased directly, and the software part can be used for code modification directly.

(1) in the initial state, the rotary table 3 and the workbench 1002 are horizontal, the locking cylinder A8 is started, the locking cylinder A8 locks the circular arc guide rail 4 through the circular arc friction plate 9, the rotary table 3 is further locked horizontally, and the locking cylinder B1008 is started to horizontally lock the workbench 1002 on the rotary table 3;

(2) adjusting the distance between the two V-shaped blocks 1102 according to the length of the crankshaft 20, wherein the V-shaped blocks 1102 act on the outermost main journal of the crankshaft 20;

(3) placing the crankshaft 20 on the two V-shaped blocks 1102, then respectively moving a hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 on the moving seat A1202 and an automatic clamping chuck B1205 on the moving seat B1203 to two ends of the crankshaft 20 by adjusting the positions of the moving seat A1202 and the moving seat B1203, and then starting the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 and the automatic clamping chuck B1205 to lift and clamp the crankshaft 20 in position, wherein the crankshaft 20 is separated from the V-shaped blocks 1102;

(4) starting the two pneumatic lifting columns 1006, enabling the upper ends of the two pneumatic lifting columns 1006 to be equal in height and to be in contact with the rotary table 3, then enabling the locking cylinder A8 to act to loosen the arc-shaped guide rail 4, detecting whether the rotary table 3 is balanced or not by using the two pressure sensors 1007 at the moment, when the numerical difference between the two pressure sensors 1007 is larger than an allowable range (the numerical difference between the two pressure sensors 1007 is equal, the numerical difference is larger, the numerical difference represents balance, the numerical difference is larger, the numerical difference represents imbalance), enabling the locking cylinder B1008 to act to loosen the workbench 1002, starting the servo motor A1003, enabling the servo motor A1003 to drive the workbench 1002 to move along the guide rail A1001 through the screw rod A1004 and the screw nut A1005, when the numerical difference detected by the two pressure sensors 1007 is smaller than the allowable range, stopping the servo motor A to act, enabling the locking cylinder B1003 to lock the workbench 1002 on the rotary table 3, then enabling the locking cylinder A8 to act to lock the rotary table 3, and resetting the pneumatic lifting columns 1006;

(5) when the crankshaft 20 is required to rotate, the center of a tailstock 1206 of the machine tool is tightly pressed against the end of the crankshaft 20, then the hollow automatic clamping chuck A1204 loosens the crankshaft 20, the rotary driving servo motor B12091 is started, the rotary driving servo motor B12091 drives the crankshaft 20 to rotate through a synchronous pulley C12092, a synchronous belt B12094 and a synchronous pulley D12093, meanwhile, the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is accurately controlled and controlled through an angle sensor B1208, when the crankshaft 20 does not need to rotate, the center retracts, and the hollow automatic clamping chuck 1204 positions and locks the crankshaft 20; when the oblique oil hole needs to be machined (during overturning, the overturning angle is generally smaller than 30 degrees according to the design of the existing crankshaft oblique oil hole), the locking cylinder A8 acts to loosen the arc-shaped guide rail 4, the rotary driving servo motor A601 is started, the rotary driving servo motor A601 drives the rotating shaft 20 to rotate through the synchronous pulley A602, the synchronous belt A603 and the synchronous pulley B604, the rotating shaft 2 drives the rotating table 3 on the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating table 3 drives the crankshaft 20 on the rotating table to overturn, meanwhile, the angle sensor A7 on the rotating shaft 2 accurately controls the overturning angle of the crankshaft 20, and after the crankshaft is overturned in place, the locking cylinder A8 acts to lock the arc-shaped guide rail 4.

The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and any alternative modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Accurate universal fixturing is used in processing of engine crankshaft oilhole, its characterized in that includes:

2. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the crankshaft of the engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary driving mechanism A comprises a rotary driving servo motor A, a synchronous pulley A is connected to the rotary driving servo motor A, a synchronous pulley B is arranged on the rotary shaft, a synchronous belt A is arranged between the synchronous pulley A and the synchronous pulley B, and the rotary driving servo motor A is connected with a control system.

3. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft as claimed in claim 2, wherein the turntable and the workbench are of rectangular parallelepiped structures, the rotation center of the turntable is mounted on a rotating shaft, and two ends of the rotating shaft are mounted on the frame through bearings.

4. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft as claimed in claim 3, wherein the circular arc-shaped guide rail is of a semicircular structure.

5. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft as claimed in claim 4, wherein distance sensors are arranged on the two V-shaped blocks and connected with a control system.

6. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft as claimed in claim 5, wherein a position sensor A is arranged on the hollow automatic clamping chuck A, a position sensor B is arranged on the automatic clamping chuck B, and the position sensor A and the position sensor B are respectively connected with a control system.

7. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the crankshaft of the engine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rotary driving mechanism B comprises a rotary driving servo motor B, a synchronous pulley C is connected to the rotary driving servo motor B, a synchronous pulley D is arranged on the main shaft, a synchronous belt B is arranged between the synchronous pulley C and the synchronous pulley D, and the rotary driving servo motor B is connected with a control system.

8. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the crankshaft of the engine as claimed in claim 7, wherein the movable seat A and the movable seat B are respectively provided with a locking cylinder C, the locking cylinder C is provided with a locking block C, the workbench is fixedly provided with a locking plate C which is matched and locked with the locking block C, and the locking cylinder C is connected with a control system.

9. The precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft as claimed in claim 8, wherein the control system comprises a control cabinet, and an operating platform is arranged on the control cabinet.

10. The use method of the precision universal fixture for machining the oil hole of the engine crankshaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of: