CN113210608A - Pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210608A CN113210608A CN202110345303.7A CN202110345303A CN113210608A CN 113210608 A CN113210608 A CN 113210608A CN 202110345303 A CN202110345303 A CN 202110345303A CN 113210608 A CN113210608 A CN 113210608A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/006—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of flat products, e.g. sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
Abstract
The invention provides a pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing brazing flux powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and then performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain a hot isostatic pressing billet; milling and rolling the hot isostatic pressing billet to obtain a brazing layer; rolling and compounding the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer to obtain a rolled plate; the rolled sheet is heat treated. The pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material can be applied to the production of various brazing type heat exchangers, the assembly brazing effect is good, the production flow of the heat exchangers is shortened, and the production efficiency of the heat exchangers is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy brazing, in particular to an embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The existing aluminum heat exchanger is usually made of aluminum alloy and composite materials thereof by means of brazing. Because the aluminum alloy and the composite material thereof are prepared in the atmospheric environment, an oxide film is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy and the composite material thereof. The oxide film is not wetted with the molten solder, thereby suppressing the flow of the solder and the capillary adsorption of the fillet. In order to make the molten solder adhere densely to the surface of other materials, it is necessary to break the oxide film and to bring fresh metals into contact with each other and wet them.
In heat exchanger industrial production applications, there are two brazing methods that can solve the problem of oxide film of brazed aluminum alloys. One is a controlled atmosphere brazing process, which typically involves applying or spraying a flux to the assembled heat exchange aluminum alloy surface under an inert gas shield to dissolve or destroy the surface oxide film. The method can realize continuous production and high production efficiency, and the poor brazing product can be subjected to secondary brazing, so that the yield reaches 99 percent, but the method is not suitable for brazing of the aluminum alloy containing Mg element. It is also difficult to ensure flux levels at each brazing location in the aluminium alloy composite material, particularly in heat exchanger assemblies of complex shape and construction. The flux is usually a mixture of salts, and the flux remaining after brazing affects on the one hand the appearance of the heat exchanger and on the other hand enters the coolant to accelerate corrosion of the aluminium heat exchanger. In addition, the coated or sprayed brazing flux layer has a certain thickness, and has a certain influence on the assembly and positioning of the aluminum alloy composite material forming assembly.
The other is a vacuum brazing method which uses an aluminum alloy composite materialThe Mg element of the brazing layer dissolves or destroys the oxide film. Vacuum brazing although high quality aluminum alloy devices can be obtained, the production process must be near vacuum (3.5X 10)-3Pa) closed furnace body, long production period, low efficiency and high production cost.
With the development of aluminum heat exchangers in the direction of small size, light weight, long service life and the like, the requirements on aluminum alloy composite materials are higher and higher, and the requirements on the uniformity of flux coating or spraying by an atmosphere control brazing method are also higher.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing brazing method, the brazing flux is pre-embedded in the brazing layer by a powder metallurgy method, and the brazing layer with the pre-embedded brazing flux and the aluminum alloy layer are prepared into the aluminum alloy composite material by a rolling composite method. The prepared aluminum alloy composite material can simplify the working procedures in the subsequent production process of the heat exchanger, the brazing flux can not remain on the surface of the material, and the aluminum alloy composite material can be completely brazed and connected with other components in controlled atmosphere brazing.
The invention provides a preparation method of an embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing brazing flux powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and then performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain a hot isostatic pressing billet;
milling and rolling the hot isostatic pressing billet to obtain a brazing layer;
rolling and compounding the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer to obtain a rolled plate;
and carrying out heat treatment on the rolled plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder has a silicon content of 6.5 to 12.5%, an oxygen content of less than 300ppm, and a D50 of 20 to 60 μm;
the brazing flux powder is potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder, and D50 of the potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder is 10-50 microns;
the weight ratio of the potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder to the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is (2-4): (98-96).
In some embodiments of the invention, the hot isostatic pressing is performed at 400-500 ℃ under 100-150 MPa for 3-6 h; the hollow sheath with the air pipe is made of pure aluminum, wherein the thickness of the pure aluminum is 3-5 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, milling and rolling the hot isostatic pressed ingot to obtain the braze layer comprises:
completely removing the pure aluminum of the hot isostatic pressing billet surface by milling;
and after removing the pure aluminum, heating the hot isostatic pressing billet to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and then hot rolling to 18-52 mm to obtain the brazing layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, roll-compounding the brazing layer with an aluminum alloy layer to obtain a rolled sheet comprises:
stacking the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer, heating to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and then hot rolling to 5-8 mm to obtain a hot rolled plate; wherein the finishing temperature is more than 300 ℃;
and cooling the hot rolled plate, and then cold rolling to 0.3-2.0 mm to obtain the rolled plate.
In some embodiments of the invention, heat treating the rolled sheet comprises:
and (3) preserving the temperature of the rolled plate at 380-400 ℃ for 2-4 h.
The pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention comprises a brazing layer and an aluminum alloy layer;
wherein the brazing layer is prepared by uniformly mixing brazing flux powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder;
the weight ratio of the brazing flux powder to the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is (2-4): (98-96).
In some embodiments of the invention, the brazing layer has a thickness of 5-24% in the embedded flux aluminum alloy composite material.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material is 0.3-2.0 mm.
The invention also provides application of the pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material in preparation of a heat exchanger.
The pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material can be applied to the production of various brazing type heat exchangers, the assembly brazing effect is good, the production flow of the heat exchangers is shortened, and the production efficiency of the heat exchangers is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of an embedded flux aluminum alloy composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the weld leg metallographic phase of the evaporator tube material and the fin of the automotive air conditioning system manufactured in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the weld leg metallographic phase between the chips of the oil coolers of the automobiles manufactured in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the metallographic phase of the fillets of the water cooling plate (lower) and the flow plate (upper) of the new energy automobile battery manufactured in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, is provided to enable the invention and its various aspects and advantages to be better understood. However, the specific embodiments and examples described below are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting of the invention.
It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the present invention, "%" means mass percent.
The pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention comprises a brazing layer and an aluminum alloy layer.
Wherein the brazing layer is prepared by uniformly mixing brazing flux powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder.
Alternatively, the flux powder used in the present invention is a potassium fluoroaluminate flux powder. Optionally, the potassium fluoroaluminate flux powder has a D50 of 10 to 50 μm. Optionally, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder used has a silicon content of 6.5 to 12.5%, an oxygen content of less than 300ppm, and a D50 of 20 to 60 μm. Optionally, the weight ratio of the potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder to the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is (2-4): (98-96).
Alternatively, the structure of the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer may be two layers (i.e., the structure is a brazing layer-an aluminum alloy layer), or three layers (i.e., the structure is a brazing layer-an aluminum alloy layer-a brazing layer).
Optionally, the thickness of the single-layer brazing layer can be 5-12%, and when the structure is brazing layer-aluminum alloy layer-brazing layer, the total proportion of the brazing layer is 5-24%.
The aluminum alloy layer used in the present invention may be any aluminum alloy, and when used in a heat exchanger, the aluminum alloy is preferably a three-series aluminum alloy, more preferably a 3003 aluminum alloy.
The pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material needs to be brazed with other materials, so that the thickness of the pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material is preferably 0.3-2.0 mm.
The invention provides a preparation method of an embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material, which comprises the following steps of S101-S104:
s101: and uniformly mixing the brazing flux powder and the aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and then carrying out hot isostatic pressing to obtain a hot isostatic pressing billet.
The invention can adopt a powder mixer to mix the two kinds of powder evenly. Optionally, the powder is mixed on a powder mixer at a low speed of 2-6 r/min for 4-8 h.
The brazing layer is prepared by adopting a hot isostatic pressing method, and the prepared brazing layer has good mechanical property.
Optionally, the hollow sheath with the air pipe is made of pure aluminum, and the thickness of the pure aluminum is 3-5 mm. In one embodiment of the invention the outer dimension of the jacket is 206 x 326 x 646 mm.
And (3) putting the mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing to 0.5-2 Pa, and then starting a hot isostatic pressing process. And when hot isostatic pressing is carried out, the temperature is 400-500 ℃, the pressure is 100-150 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-6 h.
S102: and milling and rolling the hot isostatic pressing billet to obtain the brazing layer.
And the outer layer of the hot isostatic pressing billet prepared by hot isostatic pressing is a pure aluminum layer. The pure aluminum layer needs to be removed first. Optionally, after removing the pure aluminum layer, heating the hot isostatic pressing billet to 450-500 ℃ and preserving heat for 4-6 h, and then hot rolling to 18-52 mm to obtain the brazing layer.
S103: and rolling and compounding the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer to obtain the rolled plate.
Optionally, this step comprises the sub-steps of:
stacking the brazing layer and an aluminum alloy, heating to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and then hot rolling to 5-8 mm to obtain a hot rolled plate; wherein the finishing temperature is more than 300 ℃.
And cooling the hot rolled plate, and then cold rolling to 0.3-2.0 mm to obtain the rolled plate.
As described above, the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer may be stacked in accordance with the structure of the brazing layer-aluminum alloy layer or the structure of the brazing layer-aluminum alloy layer-brazing layer.
Alternatively, the hot rolled sheet may be cold rolled after cooling to room temperature.
S104: and carrying out heat treatment on the rolled plate to obtain the steel plate.
Optionally, the heat treatment is carried out at 380-400 ℃ for 2-4 h.
The invention further provides application of the pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material in preparation of a heat exchanger.
Optionally, the pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material is cut, stamped or folded, and subjected to surface cleaning, and then assembled with aluminum alloy fins, tubes, plates and the like to form an evaporator, a condenser, an intercooler, an oil cooler and a water cooling plate, and brazing is directly performed in a controlled atmosphere without spraying a brazing flux, and the aluminum heat exchanger is obtained after cooling. And (3) metallographic detection of a soldered joint of the heat exchanger, wherein the solder fillet is full and has no insufficient solder.
The production and application of the heat exchanger by adopting the pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material have the following advantages:
1) shortening the production flow of the heat exchanger:
the production process route of the traditional heat exchanger comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of raw material forming, cleaning, slurry preparation of soldering flux and water, coating or spraying of the soldering flux, drying, assembling and brazing. The method has many steps.
The production of the heat exchanger by adopting the pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material omits three procedures of manufacturing slurry of brazing flux and water, coating or spraying the brazing flux and drying, and improves the production efficiency of the heat exchanger.
2) The material is suitable for the production of heat exchangers with complex structures:
the traditional flux coating or spraying mode is difficult to ensure that the flux content on the surface of some heat exchanger components with complex shapes is uniform, and the flux of the invention is uniformly distributed in the brazing layer, so that the flux can be ensured to exist at each brazing connection position.
3) The appearance and subsequent corrosion performance of the heat exchanger are not affected:
the brazing flux is uniformly distributed in the brazing layer, so that the surface of the brazing flux does not remain after brazing, the appearance of the heat exchanger is not affected, and the brazing flux does not enter cooling liquid to accelerate corrosion of the aluminum heat exchanger due to surface residue.
4) Does not affect the accurate assembly and positioning of the heat exchanger components:
the brazing flux is arranged in the brazing layer of the aluminum alloy composite material, and the assembly and the positioning of a formed assembly cannot be influenced.
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples. The values of the process conditions taken in the following examples are exemplary and ranges of values are provided as indicated in the foregoing summary, and reference may be made to conventional techniques for process parameters not specifically noted. The detection methods used in the following examples are all conventional in the industry. Unless otherwise indicated, the reagents and instruments used in the technical scheme provided by the invention can be purchased from conventional channels or markets.
Preparation example 1
The preparation example provides a pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material, which is prepared according to the following steps:
1) powder preparation: the aluminum-silicon alloy powder had an Si content of 6.5%, an O content of about 250ppm, and a D50 particle size of 40 μm. The potassium fluoroaluminate flux powder D50 was 30 μm.
2) Powder mixing: weighing 4% of potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder and the balance of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and mixing at a low speed of 6r/min on a powder mixer for 4 hours.
3) Hot isostatic pressing: the hollow sheath with the air pipe is made of pure aluminum, the external specification of the sheath is 206 multiplied by 326 multiplied by 646mm, and the thickness of the pure aluminum is 3 mm. The mixed powder is filled into a sheath and vacuumized to 1 Pa. The hot isostatic pressing temperature is 500 ℃, the pressure is 100MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 6 h.
4) Milling and rolling a billet: milling 5mm each of the upper and lower surfaces of the hot isostatic pressed billet to completely remove the clad, heating the billet to 450 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 6h, and hot rolling to a thick plate of 41mm to form a brazing layer.
5) Rolling and compounding: using a thick plate of 41mm as a brazing layer, overlapping the brazing layer with a 3003 aluminum alloy ingot with a thickness of 330mm on a milled surface according to the structure of the brazing layer, the core material layer and the brazing layer, heating to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours, hot rolling to 6.0mm, and finishing at a temperature of 310 ℃. The hot rolled sheet, cooled to room temperature, was cold rolled to 0.8 mm.
6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) preserving the heat of the cold-rolled plate at 390 ℃ for 3h to obtain the soft pre-buried brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material. The composite material has a single-sided brazing layer compounding ratio of about 10%.
Preparation example 2
The preparation example provides a pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material, which is prepared according to the following steps:
1) powder preparation: the aluminum-silicon alloy powder had an Si content of 10%, an O content of about 200ppm, and a powder D50 of 20 μm. The potassium fluoroaluminate flux powder D50 was 10 μm.
2) Powder mixing: weighing 3% of potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder and the balance of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and mixing at a low speed of 2r/min on a powder mixer for 8 hours.
3) Hot isostatic pressing: the hollow sheath with the air pipe is made of pure aluminum, the external specification of the sheath is 206 multiplied by 326 multiplied by 646mm, and the pure aluminum is 3 mm. The mixed powder is filled into a sheath and vacuumized to 2 Pa. The hot isostatic pressing temperature is 470 ℃, the pressure is 130MPa, and the dwell time is 4 h.
4) Milling and rolling a billet: milling 5mm each of the upper and lower surfaces of the hot isostatic pressed billet to completely remove the clad, heating the billet to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 4h, and hot rolling the billet to a 52mm thick plate to form a brazing layer.
5) Rolling and compounding: using a thick plate of 52mm as a brazing layer, laminating the brazing layer with a 3003 aluminum alloy ingot with a thickness of 330mm on a milled surface according to the brazing layer, a core material layer and the brazing layer, heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, hot rolling to 5.0mm, and finishing at 300 ℃. The hot rolled sheet, cooled to room temperature, was cold rolled to 0.3 mm.
6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) preserving the heat of the cold-rolled plate at 380 ℃ for 4h to obtain the soft pre-buried brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material. The composite proportion of the single-sided brazing layer of the composite material is about 12 percent.
Preparation example 3
The preparation example provides a pre-embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material, which is prepared according to the following steps:
1) powder preparation: the aluminum-silicon alloy powder had an Si content of 12.5%, an O content of about 280ppm, and a powder D50 of 60 μm. The potassium fluoroaluminate flux powder D50 was 50 μm.
2) Powder mixing: weighing 2% of potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder and the balance of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and mixing at a low speed of 4r/min on a powder mixer for 6 hours.
3) Hot isostatic pressing: the hollow sheath with the air pipe is made of pure aluminum, the external specification of the sheath is 206 multiplied by 326 multiplied by 646mm, and the pure aluminum is 3 mm. The mixed powder is filled into a sheath and vacuumized to 0.5 Pa. The hot isostatic pressing temperature is 450 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3 h.
4) Milling and rolling a billet: milling 5mm each of the upper and lower surfaces of the hot isostatic pressed ingot to completely remove the clad, heating the ingot to 470 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5h, and hot rolling to a thick plate of 18mm to form a brazing layer.
5) Rolling and compounding: using a thick plate of 18mm as a brazing layer, laminating the brazing layer and a 3003 aluminum alloy cast ingot with the thickness of 330mm on the milled surface according to the brazing layer-core material, heating to 470 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, hot rolling to 8mm, and finishing at 320 ℃. The hot rolled sheet, cooled to room temperature, was cold rolled to 2.0 mm.
6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) preserving the heat of the cold-rolled plate at 400 ℃ for 2h to obtain the soft pre-buried brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material. The brazing layer composition ratio of the composite material is about 5%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an evaporator of an automobile air conditioning system.
The pre-buried brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material prepared in the preparation example 1 is cut, punched and formed, the surface of the pre-buried brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material is cleaned to prepare a tube, the tube and aluminum alloy fins and the like are assembled to form an evaporator, the evaporator is directly brazed in a controlled atmosphere, and the evaporator is obtained after cooling.
The brazed joints of the evaporator tubes and fins prepared in example 1 were examined metallographically as shown in fig. 2. It can be seen that the fillets of the tube and the fin are full and have no cold joint.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the embedded brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material is the embedded brazing flux brazing aluminum alloy composite material prepared in the preparation example 2, and the embedded brazing aluminum alloy composite material is used for manufacturing internal chips of automobile oil coolers.
Metallographic examination the sheet prepared in this example 2 was used as a solder joint for an internal chip of an oil cooler, as shown in fig. 3. As can be seen, the solder fillets between the chips in the oil cooler are full and free of cold solder joints.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is only that the pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material used in the embodiment is the pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material prepared in the preparation example 3, and the pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material is used for manufacturing a water cooling plate for heat dissipation of a new energy automobile battery system.
Metallographic examination of brazed joints of water-cooled plates using the 2mm sheet prepared in example 3 as a flat plate is shown in FIG. 4. Therefore, the welding feet of the flat plate (lower) and the flow plate (upper) in the water cooling plate are full, and no cold joint exists.
From the above embodiments, the embedded flux aluminum alloy composite material of the present invention has a good welding effect, and the preparation processes of the heat exchanger can be reduced when the heat exchanger is prepared.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an embedded brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing brazing flux powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and then performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain a hot isostatic pressing billet;
milling and rolling the hot isostatic pressing billet to obtain a brazing layer;
rolling and compounding the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer to obtain a rolled plate;
and carrying out heat treatment on the rolled plate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy powder has a silicon content of 6.5 to 12.5%, an oxygen content of less than 300ppm, and a D50 of 20 to 60 μm;
the brazing flux powder is potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder, and D50 of the potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder is 10-50 microns;
the weight ratio of the potassium fluoroaluminate brazing flux powder to the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is (2-4): (98-96).
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the hot isostatic pressing is carried out at a temperature of 400 to 500 ℃, a pressure of 100 to 150MPa, and a dwell time of 3 to 6 hours; the hollow sheath with the air pipe is made of pure aluminum, wherein the thickness of the pure aluminum is 3-5 mm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein milling and rolling the hot isostatic pressed billet to obtain a braze layer comprises:
completely removing the pure aluminum of the hot isostatic pressing billet surface by milling;
and after removing the pure aluminum, heating the hot isostatic pressing billet to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and then hot rolling to 18-52 mm to obtain the brazing layer.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein roll-compounding the brazing layer with an aluminum alloy layer to obtain a rolled sheet comprises:
stacking the brazing layer and the aluminum alloy layer, heating to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and then hot rolling to 5-8 mm to obtain a hot rolled plate; wherein the finishing temperature is more than 300 ℃;
and cooling the hot rolled plate, and then cold rolling to 0.3-2.0 mm to obtain the rolled plate.
6. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the heat-treating the rolled sheet includes:
and (3) preserving the temperature of the rolled plate at 380-400 ℃ for 2-4 h.
7. The pre-buried brazing flux aluminum alloy composite material is characterized by comprising a brazing layer and an aluminum alloy layer;
wherein the brazing layer is prepared by uniformly mixing brazing flux powder and aluminum-silicon alloy powder;
the weight ratio of the brazing flux powder to the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is (2-4): (98-96).
8. The pre-buried flux aluminum alloy composite material of claim 7, wherein the brazing layer has a thickness of 5-24% in the pre-buried flux aluminum alloy composite material.
9. The pre-buried flux aluminum alloy composite material of claim 7, wherein the thickness of the pre-buried flux aluminum alloy composite material is 0.3-2.0 mm.
10. The application of the pre-buried flux aluminum alloy composite material in the preparation of the heat exchanger in any claim 7 to 9.
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| CN114669912A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏格兰吉斯热交换器有限公司 | Self-brazing composite alloy material for aluminum heat exchanger and intelligent preparation method thereof |
| CN115352146A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-18 | 南通恒金复合材料有限公司 | Soldering flux-free composite aluminum material in brazing process and preparation method and application thereof |
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