CN113210563A

CN113210563A - Radial forging device for precision spindle

Info

Publication number: CN113210563A
Application number: CN202110531044.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩锡楼
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-16
Filing date: 2021-05-16
Publication date: 2021-08-06

Abstract

The invention relates to a radial forging device for a precision spindle, which effectively solves the problems that the radial forging precision needs to be improved, the hydraulic synchronous circuit has a complex structure and high cost; the technical scheme includes that the forging unit comprises a fixed first annular frame, four radial piston holes are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the first annular frame in the circumferential direction, a first piston is mounted in each piston hole, a forging head is mounted at the outer end of each first piston and can synchronously move in the radial direction, the clamping unit comprises a fixed second annular frame and a clamp concentrically arranged in the annular frame, and the clamp can float in the second annular frame at the moment of forging of the forging head; the invention can improve the accuracy of the section size and the shape of the main shaft through the conversion of the forging instant positioning reference.

Description

Radial forging device for precision spindle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machining of precision spindles such as machine tools, in particular to a radial forging device for a precision spindle.

Background

The radial forging is a rotary forging method for specially processing solid or hollow long-axis parts; during forging, a plurality of hammers distributed in the circumferential direction of the bar quickly and synchronously forge a workpiece, can forge precise shaft parts according to a preset program, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, machinery, shipbuilding and the like; the existing radial forging machine generally clamps two ends of a shaft part by clamping mechanisms at the two ends, a forging head forges a workpiece in the middle, if a clamping center of the clamping mechanism and a forging center of the forging head have deviation, a non-circular section can be forged, and the two centers cannot be completely superposed, so that the forging precision is limited; in addition, the synchronous motion of a plurality of forging heads at present is mainly divided into two types of mechanical drive and hydraulic drive, the mechanical drive has high synchronism, the defects are that the upper limit of forging force is small, the transmission efficiency is low, the upper limit of forging force of the hydraulic drive is large, the transmission efficiency is high, the defect is that the synchronism is poor, the hydraulic synchronous circuit needs to be controlled through a hydraulic synchronous circuit, the hydraulic synchronous circuit can be used for various travel switches, flow speed regulating valves, electro-hydraulic servo valves and the like, the structure is complex, the precision of valve parts is limited, the high-precision valve cost is high, the service life of the valve parts is short, and therefore a simple and effective hydraulic synchronous structure is expected to be designed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a precision spindle radial forging device, which effectively solves the problems that the radial forging precision needs to be improved, the hydraulic synchronous circuit has a complex structure and is high in cost.

The technical scheme for solving the problem is that the radial forging device for the precision spindle comprises two groups of clamping units and one group of forging units, wherein the two groups of clamping units are positioned on two sides of the forging units and used for clamping two ends of the forging spindle and completing axial and circumferential feeding of the spindle; the forging unit comprises a fixed first annular frame, four radial piston holes are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the first annular frame in the circumferential direction, a first piston is arranged in each piston hole, a forging head is arranged at the outer end of each first piston, and the four first pistons can synchronously move in the radial direction; the clamping unit comprises a fixed second annular frame and a clamp concentrically arranged in the annular frame, four guide holes are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the second annular frame in the circumferential direction, four radial guide columns are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the clamp in the circumferential direction, the guide columns are inserted into the corresponding guide holes one by one, each guide column is sleeved with a first pressure spring, the clamp is reset to the central position by the four first pressure springs, four sliding grooves perpendicular to the guide columns are uniformly distributed on the clamp in the circumferential direction, and the outer ends of the guide columns are arranged in the sliding grooves in a sliding manner; the bottom of every guiding hole is opened there is a plunger hole rather than the vertically, the downthehole plunger of installing of plunger, the inner of guide post withstands the plunger outer wall, install the second pressure spring between wherein one end in plunger hole and the plunger, the other end in plunger hole is connected with an trachea, it has a recess to open on the lateral wall of plunger, the trachea is to the downthehole inflation promotion plunger removal of plunger, it is relative with the guide post to make the recess, the inner of guide post can stretch into in the recess, thereby make the guide post can follow the guide hole axial slip, the trachea on a plurality of plunger holes all is connected with same high-pressure gas pitcher, install two three-way valve between high-pressure gas pitcher and the plunger hole, any one forging head pressurized of forging unit all can make two three-way solenoid valve circular telegram, communicate high-pressure gas pitcher and a plurality of plunger holes, the plunger hole is with external switch-on the exhaust when two three-way solenoid valve cuts off the power supply.

The forging unit further comprises a vertical cylinder body, four piston cavities arranged up and down are arranged in the cylinder body, the bottoms of the four piston cavities are communicated with the bottoms of the four piston holes in a one-to-one mode, a second piston is installed in each piston cavity, each two adjacent second pistons are fixedly connected through a piston rod, a third pressure spring is installed at the lower end of the second piston at the lowest end, the second piston at the uppermost end is connected with a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the four pistons to move upwards synchronously, the liquid discharge amount of the four second pistons moving downwards in unit distance is the same, and therefore the four first pistons are pushed to move synchronously.

The outer end of the first piston is provided with an axial blind hole, a sliding block capable of axially sliding is installed in the blind hole, the forging head is fixed at the outer end of the sliding block, a fourth pressure spring is installed between the sliding block and the bottom of the blind hole, normally-open type button switches are installed at the bottom of the blind hole and connected in parallel, and the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve can be powered on by pressing any one of the button switches.

One end of the groove close to the second pressure spring is an inclined plane, and one side of the inner end of the plunger close to the second pressure spring is also an inclined plane.

One end of the plunger piston hole, which is provided with the second pressure spring, is provided with a first air hole communicated with the atmosphere.

And a second air hole communicated with the atmosphere is formed at the bottom of the blind hole.

And the top of each piston cavity is provided with a third air hole communicated with the atmosphere.

The clamp is a three-jaw chuck.

The auxiliary supporting units are distributed along the axial directions of the clamping unit and the forging unit and are arranged at the lower side of the main shaft to be forged, each auxiliary supporting unit comprises a supporting spring, a supporting plate is arranged at the upper end of each supporting spring and is supported at the lower side of the main shaft to be forged, the auxiliary supporting units bear the gravity of the main shaft, and the main shaft is positioned at the central position of the clamping unit under the combined action of the auxiliary supporting units and the first pressure springs; the lower end of the supporting spring is loaded on the adjusting nut or the hydraulic oil cylinder.

The high-pressure gas tank be connected with the air pump, be equipped with pressure sensor in the high-pressure gas tank, pressure sensor control air pump starts to the interior tonifying qi of high-pressure gas tank when the pressure in the high-pressure gas tank is low.

In addition, the forging unit adopts hydraulic drive and uniformly drives a plurality of groups of pistons to move through the transverse plate, so that larger forging force can be provided, and the synchronism of the movement of the forging head is ensured.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an end view of the forging unit.

Fig. 3 is an end view of the clamping unit at the time of non-forging.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the clamping unit at the moment of forging.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the position a in fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the position B in fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the position C in fig. 4.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present invention includes two sets of clamping units and one set of forging units, wherein the two sets of clamping units are located at two sides of the forging unit and are used for clamping two ends of a forging spindle and completing axial and circumferential feeding of the spindle; the forging unit comprises a fixed first annular frame 1, four radial piston holes 2 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the first annular frame 1 in the circumferential direction, a first piston 3 is installed in each piston hole 2, a forging head 4 is installed at the outer end of each first piston 3, and the four first pistons 3 can synchronously move in the radial direction; the clamping unit comprises a fixed second annular frame 5 and a clamp 6 concentrically arranged in the annular frame, four guide holes 7 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the second annular frame 5 in the circumferential direction, four radial guide columns 8 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the clamp 6 in the circumferential direction, the guide columns 8 are inserted into the corresponding guide holes 7 one by one, a first pressure spring 9 is sleeved on each guide column 8, the clamp 6 is reset to the central position by the four first pressure springs 9, four sliding grooves 10 vertical to the guide columns 8 are uniformly distributed on the clamp 6 in the circumferential direction, and the outer ends of the guide columns 8 are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves 10; a plunger hole 11 perpendicular to each guide hole 7 is formed in the bottom of each guide hole 7, a plunger 12 is installed in each plunger hole 11, the inner end of each guide column 8 abuts against the outer wall of each plunger 12, a second pressure spring 13 is installed between one end of each plunger hole 11 and each plunger 12, an air pipe 14 is connected to the other end of each plunger hole 11, a groove 15 is formed in the side wall of each plunger 12, each air pipe 14 inflates air into each plunger hole 11 to push each plunger 12 to move, each groove 15 is opposite to each guide column 8, the inner end of each guide column 8 can extend into each groove 15, so that each guide column 8 can slide axially along each guide hole 7, the air pipes 14 on the plunger holes 11 are all connected with the same high-pressure air tank 16, a two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 is installed between each high-pressure air tank 16 and each plunger hole 11, each forging head 4 of each forging unit can enable the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 to be electrified to be pressed, and enable the high-pressure air tanks 16 to be communicated with the plunger holes 11, when the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 is powered off, the plunger hole 11 is communicated with the outside for exhausting.

The forging unit further comprises a vertical cylinder body 18, four piston cavities 19 which are arranged up and down are arranged in the cylinder body 18, the bottoms of the four piston cavities 19 are communicated with the bottoms of the four piston holes 2 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, a second piston 20 is installed in each piston cavity 19, every two adjacent second pistons 20 are fixedly connected through a piston rod 21, a third pressure spring 22 is installed at the lower end of the second piston 20 at the lowest end, the second piston 20 at the highest end is connected with a hydraulic cylinder 23, the hydraulic cylinder 23 pushes the four pistons to move upwards synchronously, the liquid discharge amount of the four second pistons 20 moving downwards in unit distance is the same, and therefore the four first pistons 3 are pushed to move synchronously.

The outer end of the first piston 3 is provided with an axial blind hole 24, a sliding block 25 capable of axially sliding is mounted in the blind hole 24, the forging head 4 is fixed at the outer end of the sliding block 25, a fourth pressure spring 26 is mounted between the sliding block 25 and the bottom of the blind hole 24, a normally open type button switch 27 is mounted at the bottom of the blind hole 24, all the button switches 27 are connected in parallel, and the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 can be powered on by pressing any one button switch 27.

One end of the groove 15 close to the second pressure spring 13 is an inclined surface, one side of the inner end of the plunger 12 close to the second pressure spring 13 is also an inclined surface, so that air is exhausted from the plunger hole 11, when the plunger 12 is reset under the action of the second pressure spring 13, the guide column 8 is pushed out of the guide hole 7 under the action of the inclined surface, and the auxiliary clamp 6 is reset towards the center.

One end of the plunger hole 11, which is provided with the second pressure spring 13, is provided with a first air hole 28 communicated with the atmosphere, and the first air hole is used for balancing the air pressure at the end of the plunger hole 11, so that the plunger 12 can move smoothly.

The bottom of the blind hole 24 is provided with a second air hole 29 communicated with the atmosphere for balancing the air pressure in the blind hole 24, so that the air pressure difference formed between the blind hole 24 and the outside is avoided, and the movement of the sliding block 25 is prevented from being blocked.

The top of each piston cavity 19 is provided with a third air hole 30 communicated with the atmosphere, so that negative pressure is prevented from being formed above the second piston 20 when the second piston 20 moves downwards.

The clamp 6 is a three-jaw chuck.

The auxiliary supporting unit comprises a supporting spring 31, a supporting plate 32 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting spring 31, the supporting plate 32 is supported at the lower side of the main shaft to be forged, the auxiliary supporting unit bears the gravity of the main shaft, and the main shaft is positioned at the central position of the clamping unit under the combined action of the auxiliary supporting unit and the first pressure springs 9; the lower end of the supporting spring 31 is carried on an adjusting nut or a hydraulic oil cylinder so as to adjust the height and the compression amount of the supporting spring 31 to adapt to spindles with different diameters and weights.

The high-pressure air tank 16 is connected with an air pump 33, a pressure sensor is arranged in the high-pressure air tank 16, and the pressure sensor controls the air pump 33 to start supplying air into the high-pressure air tank 16 when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank 16 is low.

When the forging head is used, a main shaft to be forged sequentially penetrates through the head clamping unit, the forging unit and the clamping end at the other end, the two ends of the main shaft are clamped by the clamps 6 of the clamping units at the two ends, the clamping units axially move and rotate around the axis to complete axial and circumferential feeding of the main shaft, meanwhile, the hydraulic cylinder 23 drives the four second pistons 20 to synchronously reciprocate, and the four second pistons 20 respectively drive the four first pistons 3 to synchronously reciprocate to drive the forging head 4 to reciprocate to forge the main shaft.

When the main shaft is not forged by the forging head 4 of the forging unit, under the action of a fourth pressure spring 26, a sliding block 25 is not contacted with a button switch 27 at the bottom of a blind hole 24, at the moment, a two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 is in a power-off state, an air pipe 14 of each plunger hole 11 is communicated with the atmosphere, a second pressure spring 13 is in the original length, a groove 15 is not opposite to a guide column 8, the inner end of the guide column 8 is abutted against a plunger 12, and four guide columns 8 on the same clamping unit cannot axially move, so that a clamp 6 in the clamping unit is locked at a central position, two groups of clamping units stably clamp the main shaft and complete axial and circumferential feeding of the main shaft, and at the moment, the positioning reference of the main shaft is positioned at the axes of the two groups of clamping units; when four first pistons 3 of the forging unit drive four forging heads 4 to move towards the center, the four forging heads 4 contact the surface of the main shaft, the first pistons 3 continue to move to compress a fourth pressure spring 26, the forging heads 4 press a button switch 27, so that the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 is electrified and switched, an air pipe 14 of each plunger hole 11 is communicated with a high-pressure air tank 16, air pressure pushes a plunger 12 to move to compress a second pressure spring 13, after the air pressure is balanced with the pressure of the second pressure spring 13, a groove 15 on the plunger 12 is opposite to a guide column 8, the inner end of the guide column 8 can extend into the groove 15, so that the guide column 8 can move axially, the clamp 6 can float in the second annular frame 5 by matching with the sliding between the outer end of the guide column 8 and the clamp 6 along a sliding groove 10, at the moment, the clamping unit does not apply constraint to the main shaft any more, at the moment, the positioning reference of the main shaft is converted to the axes of the four forging units, the center of four forging heads 4 is promptly, carries out automatic positioning by four tups to the main shaft that floats to make every 4 forged dynamics of forging heads and radial indentation homogeneous phase the same, guarantee the indeformable of main shaft cross-section, avoid centre gripping benchmark and forging benchmark to have each tup that the deviation arouses to forge dynamics and radial indentation different and forge out unqualified cross-section.

After the forging is finished, the four first pistons 3 are retracted into the piston holes 2, the constraint of the four forging heads 4 on the main shaft is released, at the moment, under the action of the first pressure spring 9, the fixture 6 drives the main shaft to reset towards the center of the clamping unit, meanwhile, under the action of the fourth pressure spring 26, the forging heads 4 loosen the button switch 27, the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 17 is powered off, under the action of the second pressure spring 13, the plunger 12 resets, the groove 15 is staggered with the guide column 8, the end part of the guide column 8 abuts against the plunger 12 and cannot move axially, the fixture 6 is locked again, accurate axial and circumferential feeding of the main shaft is guaranteed, when the plunger 12 resets under the action of the second pressure spring 13, the guide column 8 is pushed out of the guide hole 7 under the action of the inclined plane, and the auxiliary fixture 6 resets towards the center.

According to the invention, through the conversion of the forging instant positioning datum, the forging force and radial pressing-in quantity of each forging head 4 caused by the misalignment of the clamping datum and the forging datum can be avoided from being different, so that the main shaft with unqualified section is avoided from being forged, and the precision of the section size and the shape of the main shaft is improved; in addition, the forging unit is driven by hydraulic pressure, the plurality of second pistons 20 are mechanically and rigidly connected in series, error accumulation is avoided, larger forging force can be provided, the motion synchronism of the forging head 4 is guaranteed, and compared with a mode of realizing a hydraulic synchronous circuit by adopting a travel switch, a flow rate regulating valve, an electro-hydraulic servo valve and the like, the defects of insufficient valve body precision, high cost, short service life and complex structure are overcome.

Claims

1. A radial forging device for a precision spindle comprises two groups of clamping units and a group of forging units, wherein the two groups of clamping units are positioned on two sides of the forging units and used for clamping two ends of the forging spindle and completing axial and circumferential feeding of the spindle; the forging unit is characterized by comprising a fixed first annular frame (1), four radial piston holes (2) are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the first annular frame (1) in the circumferential direction, a first piston (3) is installed in each piston hole (2), a forging head (4) is installed at the outer end of each first piston (3), and the four first pistons (3) can synchronously move in the radial direction; the clamping unit comprises a fixed second annular frame (5) and a clamp (6) concentrically arranged in the annular frame, four guide holes (7) are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the second annular frame (5) in the circumferential direction, four radial guide columns (8) are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the clamp (6) in the circumferential direction, the guide columns (8) are inserted into the corresponding guide holes (7) one by one, a first pressure spring (9) is sleeved on each guide column (8), the clamp (6) is reset to the central position by the four first pressure springs (9), four sliding grooves (10) perpendicular to the guide columns (8) are uniformly distributed on the clamp (6) in the circumferential direction, and the outer ends of the guide columns (8) are arranged in the sliding grooves (10) in a sliding manner; a plunger hole (11) vertical to each guide hole (7) is formed in the bottom of each guide hole (7), a plunger (12) is installed in each plunger hole (11), the inner end of each guide column (8) abuts against the outer wall of each plunger (12), a second pressure spring (13) is installed between one end of each plunger hole (11) and each plunger (12), the other end of each plunger hole (11) is connected with an air pipe (14), a groove (15) is formed in the side wall of each plunger (12), each air pipe (14) pushes each plunger (12) to move when inflating into each plunger hole (11), each groove (15) is opposite to each guide column (8), the inner end of each guide column (8) can extend into each groove (15), so that each guide column (8) can axially slide along the guide holes (7), the air pipes (14) on the plurality of plunger holes (11) are all connected with a same high-pressure air tank (16), and a three-way electromagnetic valve (17) is installed between each high-pressure air tank (16) and each plunger hole (11), any one forging head (4) of the forging unit can be pressed to enable the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve (17) to be electrified, the high-pressure gas tank (16) is communicated with the plunger holes (11), and the plunger holes (11) are communicated with the outside to exhaust gas when the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve (17) is powered off.

2. The precise spindle radial forging device according to claim 1, wherein the forging unit further comprises a vertical cylinder (18), four piston cavities (19) arranged up and down are arranged in the cylinder (18), the bottoms of the four piston cavities (19) are communicated with the bottoms of the four piston holes (2) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, a second piston (20) is installed in each piston cavity (19), every two adjacent second pistons (20) are fixedly connected through a piston rod (21), a third pressure spring (22) is installed at the lower end of the second piston (20) at the lowermost end, the second piston (20) at the uppermost end is connected with a hydraulic cylinder (23), the hydraulic cylinder (23) pushes the four pistons to move up synchronously, and the liquid discharge amount of the four second pistons (20) moving downwards in unit distance is the same, so that the four first pistons (3) are pushed to move synchronously.

3. The precise spindle radial forging device as recited in claim 1, wherein an axial blind hole (24) is formed in an outer end of the first piston (3), a sliding block (25) capable of axially sliding is installed in the blind hole (24), the forging head (4) is fixed to the outer end of the sliding block (25), a fourth pressure spring (26) is installed between the sliding block (25) and the bottom of the blind hole (24), normally open type button switches (27) are installed at the bottom of the blind hole (24), all the button switches (27) are connected in parallel, and when any one button switch (27) is pressed, the two-position three-way solenoid valve (17) can be energized.

4. A precision spindle radial forging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end of the recess (15) close to the second compression spring (13) is a bevel, and the side of the inner end of the plunger (12) close to the second compression spring (13) is also a bevel.

5. A precision spindle radial forging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end of the plunger bore (11) where the second compression spring (13) is mounted has a first air hole (28) communicating with the atmosphere.

6. A precision spindle radial forging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of said blind hole (24) is provided with a second air hole (29) communicating with the atmosphere.

7. A precision spindle radial forging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of each piston chamber (19) is opened with a third air hole (30) communicating with the atmosphere.

8. A precision spindle radial forging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fixture (6) is a three-jaw chuck.

9. The precision spindle radial forging device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of groups of auxiliary supporting units, wherein the plurality of groups of auxiliary supporting units are distributed on the lower side of the spindle to be forged along the axial direction of the clamping unit and the forging unit, each auxiliary supporting unit comprises a supporting spring (31), a supporting plate (32) is arranged at the upper end of each supporting spring (31), each supporting plate (32) is supported on the lower side of the spindle to be forged, the auxiliary supporting units bear the gravity of the spindle, and the spindle is located at the central position of the clamping unit under the combined action of the auxiliary supporting units and the first compression springs (9); the lower end of the supporting spring (31) is loaded on an adjusting nut or a hydraulic oil cylinder so as to adjust the height and the compression amount of the supporting spring (31) to adapt to main shafts with different diameters and weights.

10. A precision spindle radial forging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high pressure gas tank (16) is connected with a gas pump (33), a pressure sensor is arranged in the high pressure gas tank (16), and the pressure sensor controls the gas pump (33) to start supplying gas into the high pressure gas tank (16) when the pressure in the high pressure gas tank (16) is low.