CN113209721A - 一种油性空气过滤材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种油性空气过滤材料及其制备方法和应用,该油性空气过滤材料包括自上而下依次层叠布置的无纺布层、纳米纤维过滤层、熔喷布层和热风棉层,纳米纤维过滤层为采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺制备的纳米纤维的无纺纤维网状结构。无纺布层、纳米纤维过滤层、熔喷布层和热风棉层之间通过超声焊接方式复合为一体。采用纳米纤维过滤层和熔喷布层作为高效过滤层,过滤机理互补,具有较低气阻和较高过滤效果的特性,且过滤效果衰减较慢,特别是对油性颗粒的过滤效果更加稳定;且其制备工艺相对简单,并具有容尘量高、过滤效率高、空气过滤阻力低、使用成本低、安全环保以及能够再生重复多次使用的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空气过滤技术领域,尤其涉及一种油性空气过滤材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
艾炙调养覆盖面广,无毒性副作用,是中医学合理的医治方式,能合理调养机体的生理作用,提高人体抵抗能力,医治疾患和预防传染病。艾灸法医治的症状普遍,拥有“一炷着肤疼痛为止,一次艾灸穴位沉疴立除”的奇妙功效。
市场上的艾灸室的艾灸机普遍具有发烟量极大特性,而艾灸烟雾呈油性使得常规空气滤料的过滤效率低下,需要频繁更换滤芯,大大增加了使用成本。市面上艾灸机常规采用的空气滤料多为熔喷布,熔喷布的过滤机理主要是靠静电吸附,针对空气粉尘过滤的熔喷布具有气阻低过滤效果好的优势,但是过滤对象变为油性气体时其过滤效果只剩下一半或者更小;且熔喷布的使用寿命短、不能重复使用,而其使用后的废弃物也会产生危废等二次污染。
而纳米纤维直径细小,其所构建的网络的孔径小,孔隙率高,可以在少量增加气阻的条件下,显著增加过滤效率,过滤机理主要为物理拦截,由于其不依赖静电,材料性能稳定,不受高温高湿油性等环境的影响。因此,纳米纤维在过滤材料方面具有巨大开发潜力。
目如何开发一种对油性空气过滤效果好、使用成本低、安全环保并能重复使用的油性空气滤料是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有空气滤料过滤效率低下、使用成本高及使用寿命短的缺陷,提出一种气阻较低、过滤油性颗粒效果稳定且容尘量高的油性空气过滤材料及其制备方法和应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种油性空气过滤材料,包括自上而下依次层叠布置的无纺布层、纳米纤维过滤层、熔喷布层和热风棉层,所述纳米纤维过滤层为采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺制备的纳米纤维的无纺纤网结构。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料中,所述无纺布层、纳米纤维过滤层、熔喷布层和热风棉层之间通过超声焊接方式复合为一体。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料中,所述无纺布层的材质为PP和/或PET,其面密度为15~35g/m2。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料中,所述纳米纤维过滤层的面密度为1~5g/m2,其材料采用PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、TPU(聚氨酯)、PA6(聚酰胺)、PAN(聚丙烯腈)中的一种或几种。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料中,所述熔喷布层的面密度为25~75g/m2,其过滤效率为60~95%。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料中,所述热风棉层的面密度为40~80g/m2。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料中,还包括:
海绵层,所述海绵层通过胶粘剂覆设于所述热风棉层表面,且其面密度为15~50g/m2。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种如所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配置前置溶液:将聚合物PVDF、PS、TPU、PA6、PAN颗粒中的一种或几种溶于溶剂中,于45~70℃搅拌2~4h,配置成前置溶液;
(2)溶液法气流纺丝:将步骤(1)配置的前置溶液采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维,收集、粘附于无纺布层上,并定向或随机排布形成无纺纤维网状结构的纳米纤维过滤层;
(3)层压复合:将步骤(2)制备的负载有纳米纤维过滤层的无纺布层与熔喷布层和热风棉层依次叠放,采用超声复合机焊接处理,获得复合过滤层,然后将海绵层通过胶粘剂覆设于复合过滤层上,即得。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,所述前置溶液中聚合物的质量百分比为5~25%。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙酸乙酯(EAc)、丙酮、甲酸、的一种或者几种。
进一步地,在所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述气流纺丝工艺为:
使用注射泵将所述前置溶液以恒定速度从针头压出,在针头处以平行方向施加高速气流,在气流场中溶剂挥发,高分子牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维;
其中,纤维收集距离为10~35cm,风速50~500m/min,供液速度1~10ml/h,针头直径0.1~0.75mm。
本发明的第三个方面是提供一种如所述的油性空气过滤材料在艾灸油性烟雾过滤处理中的应用。
本发明采用上述技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
(1)采用纳米纤维过滤层和熔喷布层作为该油性空气过滤材料的高效过滤层,过滤机理互补,具有较低气阻和较高过滤效果的特性,且过滤效果衰减较慢,特别是对油性颗粒的过滤效果更加稳定;
(2)无纺布层作为纳米纤维过滤层的载体,能够有效保证纳米纤维过滤层的结构完整性,保证了纳米纤维过滤层的高过滤特性;
(3)热风棉层起中效过滤作用,且适当增加容尘量,提高高效过滤层的使用寿命;以及海绵层起初效过滤作用,增加容尘量;通过热风棉层和海绵层的设置,可大大提高了该过滤材料的过滤效果、容尘量及使用寿命;
(4)该油性空气过滤材料的制备工艺相对简单,具有容尘量高、过滤效率高、空气过滤阻力低、使用成本低、安全环保以及能够再生重复多次使用的优点;
(5)该油性空气过滤材料作为艾灸机的过滤材料对艾灸油性烟雾进行过滤处理,可有效过滤拦截油性颗粒,降低吸入油性烟雾对使用者的伤害,且因其容尘量大,过滤效率高,无需频繁更换滤芯,大大降低了使用成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种油性空气过滤材料的结构示意图;
图2为本发明一种油性空气过滤材料的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明首先提供了一种油性空气过滤材料,如图1所示,该空气过滤材料100包括自上而下依次层叠布置的无纺布层101、纳米纤维过滤层102、熔喷布层103和热风棉层104,所述纳米纤维过滤层102为采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺制备的纳米纤维的无纺纤网结构。所述熔喷布层103的种类不限,其面密度为25~75g/m2,其过滤效率为60~95%。所述无纺布层101、纳米纤维过滤层102、熔喷布层103和热风棉层104之间通过超声焊接方式复合为一体。采用纳米纤维过滤层102和熔喷布层103作为该油性空气过滤材料的高效过滤层,过滤机理互补,具有较低气阻和较高过滤效果的特性,且过滤效果衰减较慢,特别是对油性颗粒的过滤效果更加稳定。
在一些实施例中,所述无纺布层101的材质为PP和/或PET,其面密度为15~35g/m2;优选地,无纺布层101的面密度为18~30g/m2;较为优选地,无纺布层101的面密度为20~26g/m2。无纺布层101作为气流纺丝工艺中收集纳米纤维过滤层102的载体,能够有效保证纳米纤维过滤层102的结构完整性,保证了纳米纤维过滤层102的高过滤特性。
在一些实施例中,所述纳米纤维过滤层102的面密度为1~5g/m2;优选地,所述纳米纤维过滤层102的面密度为1.5~4.5g/m2;优选地,所述纳米纤维过滤层102的面密度为2.2~3.5g/m2;且该纳米纤维过滤层102的材质采用PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、TPU(聚氨酯)、PA6(聚酰胺)、PAN(聚丙烯腈)中的一种或几种。
在一些实施例中,如图1所示,且所述热风棉层104的面密度为40~80g/m2,热风棉层起中效过滤作用,且适当增加容尘量,提高高效过滤层的使用寿命。且该油性空气过滤材料中还包括海绵层105,所述海绵层105采用普通海绵或者精品海绵,通过胶粘剂覆设于所述热风棉层104表面,且其面密度为15~50g/m2,海绵层105主要起初效过滤作用,增加容尘量。通过热风棉层104和海绵层105的设置,可大大提高了该过滤材料的过滤效果、容尘量及使用寿命。
本发明还提供一种如所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法,该油性空气过滤材料的制备工艺相对简单,制备的油性空气过滤材料具有容尘量高、过滤效率高、空气过滤阻力低,以及能够再生重复多次使用的优点。如图2所示,其制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)配置前置溶液:将聚合物PVDF、PS、TPU、PA6、PAN颗粒中的一种或几种溶于溶剂中,于45~70℃搅拌2~4h,配置成前置溶液;
(2)溶液法气流纺丝:将步骤(1)配置的前置溶液采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维,收集、粘附于无纺布层上,并定向或随机排布形成无纺纤维网状结构的纳米纤维过滤层;
(3)层压复合:将步骤(2)制备的负载有纳米纤维过滤层的无纺布层与熔喷布层和热风棉层依次叠放,采用超声复合机焊接处理,获得复合过滤层,然后将海绵层通过胶粘剂覆设于复合过滤层上,即得。
在一些实施例中,步骤(1)中,所述前置溶液中聚合物的质量百分比为5~25%;优选地,所述前置溶液中聚合物的质量百分比为6~22%;较为优选地,所述前置溶液中聚合物的质量百分比为8~20%;更为优选地,所述前置溶液中聚合物的质量百分比为12~16%。
在一些实施例中,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙酸乙酯(EAc)、丙酮、甲酸、的一种或者几种。优选地,步骤(1)中,先将至少两种所述溶剂混合并采用超声处理15~30min后,再加入所述聚合物。
在一些实施例中,步骤(2)中,所述气流纺丝工艺为:使用注射泵将所述前置溶液以恒定速度从针头压出,在针头处以平行方向施加高速气流,在气流场中溶剂挥发,高分子牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维;其中,纤维收集距离为10~35cm,风速50~500m/min,供液速度1~10ml/h,针头直径0.1~0.75mm。
本发明还提供一种如上述所述的油性空气过滤材料在艾灸油性烟雾过滤处理中的应用,具体地,作为艾灸机的滤芯材料,可有效过滤拦截油性颗粒,降低吸入油性烟雾对使用者的伤害,且因其容尘量大,过滤效率高,无需频繁更换滤芯,大大降低了使用成本。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细和具体的介绍,以使更好的理解本发明,但是下述实施例并不限制本发明范围。
实施例一
提供一种油性空气过滤材料,无纺布层采用15g/m2的PP纺粘无纺布,熔喷布层采用过滤效率85%的熔喷布,热风棉层采用30g/m2的热风棉,海绵层采用20g/m2的普通海绵。具体地,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)配置前置溶液:将适量PAN粉体加入DMF溶剂中,60℃保温搅拌4h,最终获得13%PAN的前置溶液;
(2)溶液法气流纺丝:将无纺布层置于收集器上,设置收集距离为20cm,风力280m/min,单针供液速度2.0ml/h,将步骤(1)配置的前置溶液采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维,收集、粘附于无纺布层上,并定向或随机排布形成无纺纤维网状结构的纳米纤维过滤层;
(3)层压复合:纺丝完成后将前四层材料依次叠放,使用超声复合机进行焊接处理,获得复合过滤层,再将复合过滤层与海绵通过胶粘剂粘合在一起,指的五层结构的油性空气过滤材料。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行油雾过滤测试,油雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.2微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为92.5%,气阻85Pa,容尘量测试时长95min,容尘量22g。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行盐雾过滤测试,盐雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.075微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为97.2%,气阻89Pa,容尘量测试时长112min,容尘量24g。
实施例二
提供一种油性空气过滤材料,无纺布层采用15g/m2的PP纺粘无纺布,熔喷布层采用过滤效率65%的熔喷布,热风棉层采用40g/m2的热风棉,海绵层采用40g/m2的普通海绵。具体地,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)配置前置溶液:将适量PVDF粉体加入DMF溶剂中,55℃保温搅拌4h,16%PVDF的前置溶液;
(2)溶液法气流纺丝:将无纺布层置于收集器上,设置收集距离为20cm,风力350m/min,单针供液速度2.0ml/h,将步骤(1)配置的前置溶液采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维,收集、粘附于无纺布层上,并定向或随机排布形成无纺纤维网状结构的纳米纤维过滤层;
(3)层压复合:纺丝完成后将前四层材料依次叠放,使用超声复合机进行焊接处理,获得复合过滤层,再将复合过滤层与海绵通过胶粘剂粘合在一起,指的五层结构的油性空气过滤材料。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行油雾过滤测试,油雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.2微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为95%,气阻95Pa,容尘量测试时长140min,容尘量31g。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行盐雾过滤测试,盐雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.075微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为99.5%,气阻102Pa,容尘量测试时长125min,容尘量27g。
实施例三
提供一种油性空气过滤材料,热风棉层采用40g/m2的热风棉,熔喷布层采用过滤效率65%的熔喷布,海绵层采用40g/m2的普通海绵。具体地,其制备方法为层压复合:将三层材料依次叠放,通过胶粘剂粘合在一起,指的三层结构的油性空气过滤材料。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行油雾过滤测试,油雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.2微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为44.1%,气阻55Pa,容尘量测试时长167min,容尘量9g。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行盐雾过滤测试,盐雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.075微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为66.3%,气阻59Pa,容尘量测试时长133min,容尘量13g。
实施例四
提供一种油性空气过滤材料,热风棉层采用20g/m2的热风棉,熔喷布层采用过滤效率85%的熔喷布,海绵层采用20g/m2的普通海绵。具体地,其制备方法为层压复合:将三层材料依次叠放,通过胶粘剂粘合在一起,指的三层结构的油性空气过滤材料。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行油雾过滤测试,油雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.2微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为53.5%,气阻61Pa,容尘量测试时长159min,容尘量11g。
将所制得的油性空气过滤材料进行盐雾过滤测试,盐雾颗粒数量中值直径为0.075微米,测试流量32L/min,测试面积100cm2,初始过滤效率为87.8%,气阻69Pa,容尘量测试时长123min,容尘量15g。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种油性空气过滤材料,其特征在于,包括自上而下依次层叠布置的无纺布层、纳米纤维过滤层、熔喷布层和热风棉层,所述纳米纤维过滤层为采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺制备的纳米纤维的无纺纤维网状结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油性空气过滤材料,其特征在于,所述无纺布层、纳米纤维过滤层、熔喷布层和热风棉层之间通过超声焊接方式复合为一体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的油性空气过滤材料,其特征在于,所述纳米纤维过滤层的面密度为1~5g/m2,其材料采用PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、TPU(聚氨酯)、PA6(聚酰胺)、PAN(聚丙烯腈)中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的油性空气过滤材料,其特征在于,所述熔喷布层的面密度为25~75g/m2,其过滤效率为60~95%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的油性空气过滤材料,其特征在于,还包括:
海绵层,所述海绵层通过胶粘剂覆设于所述热风棉层表面,且其面密度为15~50g/m2。
6.一种如权利要求1~5任一项所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)配置前置溶液:将聚合物PVDF、PS、TPU、PA6、PAN颗粒中的一种或几种溶于溶剂中,于45~70℃搅拌2~4h,配置成前置溶液;
(2)溶液法气流纺丝:将步骤(1)配置的前置溶液采用溶液法气流纺丝工艺牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维,收集、粘附于无纺布层上,并定向或随机排布形成无纺纤维网状结构的纳米纤维过滤层;
(3)层压复合:将步骤(2)制备的负载有纳米纤维过滤层的无纺布层与熔喷布层和热风棉层依次叠放,采用超声复合机焊接处理,获得复合过滤层,然后将海绵层通过胶粘剂覆设于复合过滤层上,即得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述前置溶液中聚合物的质量百分比为5~25%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙酸乙酯(EAc)、丙酮、甲酸、的一种或者几种。
9.根据权利要求6所述的油性空气过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述溶剂法气流纺丝工艺为:
使用注射泵将所述前置溶液以恒定速度从针头压出,在针头处以平行方向施加高速气流,在气流场中溶剂挥发,高分子牵伸形成高长径比的纳米纤维;
其中,纤维收集距离为10~35cm,风速50~500m/min,供液速度1~10ml/h,针头直径0.1~0.75mm。
10.一种如权利要求1~5任一项所述的油性空气过滤材料在艾灸油性烟雾过滤处理中的应用。
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