CN113207459B - 一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法 Download PDF

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CN113207459B
CN113207459B CN202110631182.2A CN202110631182A CN113207459B CN 113207459 B CN113207459 B CN 113207459B CN 202110631182 A CN202110631182 A CN 202110631182A CN 113207459 B CN113207459 B CN 113207459B
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CN113207459A (zh
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严蕾艳
黄芸萍
王迎儿
邢乃林
古斌权
王毓洪
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Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法,涉及抗病害嫁接材料筛选技术领域。本发明将已知感病的接穗材料靠接于砧木材料上,形成接穗和砧木双根嫁接体后开展根部病害抗性筛选。本发明的鉴定结果可体现嫁接后砧木的真实抗病性水平,且不需要再设置感病对照,比接穗和砧木实生苗独自鉴定的实验误差更小。

Description

一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及抗病害嫁接材料筛选技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法。
背景技术
我国瓜类产业发展趋势向主产区集聚,设施化、规模化和专业化导致土壤连作障碍严重,枯萎病等病害加剧,已成为制约瓜类产业发展的瓶颈。嫁接栽培技术是目前解决瓜类产业连作障碍最有效的绿色生产技术。瓜类嫁接时承受西瓜、甜瓜和黄瓜等接穗的植株被称为砧木,开展瓜类砧木材料抗性筛选尤其是根茎部土传病害的抗性筛选,是砧木抗病育种的关键步骤,常规操作是采用砧木实生苗(未嫁接)开展根部病害抗性筛选,而非嫁接苗。
有文献报道,嫁接苗中砧木与接穗之间存在多种形式的物质交流,砧木实生苗的抗病性与嫁接苗可能存在差异,即目前对砧木实生苗的抗性鉴定结果并不一定真实反映实际生产中的嫁接苗抗性水平。
因此如何有效鉴定并筛选出具有抗病害的瓜类砧木,实现准确度高的砧木抗病育种是目前行业需要解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法,其是将已知感病的接穗材料靠接于砧木材料上,形成接穗和砧木双根嫁接体后开展根部病害抗性筛选,鉴定结果可体现嫁接后砧木的真实抗病性水平,并且接穗和砧木双根嫁接体进行抗性筛选不需要再设置感病对照,比接穗和砧木实生苗独自鉴定的实验误差更小。
本发明所述用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法,包括以下步骤
首先依次将1粒感病的接穗种子和1粒砧木种子播种于32孔穴盘的同一孔穴中,以砧木、接穗子叶展平刚露真叶为宜;
然后用刀片去除砧木的生长点,并在砧木子叶下方1cm处从上到下作30°的斜切口,切口深度为茎秆粗度的1/2左右,切口长1cm;
最后在接穗相同高度的茎秆位置向上30°斜切1个长1cm的切口,深度与砧木相同,两者相互契合后用嫁接夹固定,完全成活后形成双根嫁接体,定植于发病田块,观察嫁接苗的发病情况,并筛选出根部无病害的嫁接苗。
优选地,所述接穗种子是采用对根部病害敏感的接穗品种。
优选地,所述砧木种子比接穗种子晚播种3~5天。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明将感病接穗靠接于砧木上形成的双根嫁接体更适合根部病害抗性鉴定,鉴定结果可体现嫁接后砧木的真实抗病性水平,并且接穗和砧木双根嫁接体进行抗性筛选不需要再设置感病对照,比接穗和砧木实生苗独自鉴定的实验误差更小,对砧木抗病育种有重大意义。
附图说明
图1为实施例中成活的双根嫁接体。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
采用不抗黑点根腐病的甜瓜品种作为接穗种子,先将1粒感病的接穗种子播种于32孔穴盘中,3~5天后再将砧木种子播种于同一孔穴中进行培育,以砧木、接穗子叶展平刚露真叶为宜;
然后用刀片去除砧木的生长点,并在砧木子叶下方1cm处从上到下作30°的斜切口,切口深度为茎秆粗度的1/2左右,切口长1cm;
最后在接穗相同高度的茎秆位置向上30°斜切1个长1cm的切口,深度与砧木相同,两者相互契合后用嫁接夹固定,完全成活后形成双根嫁接体,定植于甜瓜黑点根腐病发病田块,考察嫁接苗的发病情况,并筛选出根部无病害的嫁接苗。
从图1中可见双根嫁接体的左边为砧木材料根系,根系健康无腐烂;右边为接穗甜瓜根系,根部被病原菌侵染,造成根部表皮腐烂脱落,只留下维管束。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤
首先依次将1粒感病的接穗种子和1粒砧木种子播种于32孔穴盘的同一孔穴中,以砧木、接穗子叶展平刚露真叶为宜;
然后用刀片去除砧木的生长点,并在砧木子叶下方1cm处从上到下作30°的斜切口,切口深度为茎秆粗度的1/2左右,切口长1cm;
最后在接穗相同高度的茎秆位置向上30°斜切1个长1cm的切口,深度与砧木相同,两者相互契合后用嫁接夹固定,完全成活后形成双根嫁接体,定植于发病田块,观察嫁接苗的发病情况,并筛选出砧木根部无病害的嫁接苗。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法,其特征在于,所述接穗种子是采用对根部病害敏感的接穗品种。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于瓜类砧木材料根部病害抗性筛选的方法,其特征在于,所述砧木种子比所述接穗种子晚播种3~5天。
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101379929A (zh) * 2008-10-28 2009-03-11 梅清林 高产优质反季茄子嫁接移栽技术
CN101953281A (zh) * 2010-09-28 2011-01-26 扬州大学 纹枯病菌毒素在水稻抗纹枯病育种中的应用方法
CN102007855A (zh) * 2010-12-05 2011-04-13 天津大学 瓜类双砧木嫁接方法
CN106134782A (zh) * 2015-04-21 2016-11-23 高仁丽 一种瓜类植物的双根嫁接方法
CN110036776A (zh) * 2019-04-17 2019-07-23 广西特色作物研究院 一种对柑橘黄龙病具有抗性或耐性的种质材料的快速鉴定方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101379929A (zh) * 2008-10-28 2009-03-11 梅清林 高产优质反季茄子嫁接移栽技术
CN101953281A (zh) * 2010-09-28 2011-01-26 扬州大学 纹枯病菌毒素在水稻抗纹枯病育种中的应用方法
CN102007855A (zh) * 2010-12-05 2011-04-13 天津大学 瓜类双砧木嫁接方法
CN106134782A (zh) * 2015-04-21 2016-11-23 高仁丽 一种瓜类植物的双根嫁接方法
CN110036776A (zh) * 2019-04-17 2019-07-23 广西特色作物研究院 一种对柑橘黄龙病具有抗性或耐性的种质材料的快速鉴定方法

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