CN113202869A - Three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing - Google Patents
Three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113202869A CN113202869A CN202110366572.1A CN202110366572A CN113202869A CN 113202869 A CN113202869 A CN 113202869A CN 202110366572 A CN202110366572 A CN 202110366572A CN 113202869 A CN113202869 A CN 113202869A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
- F16C32/0485—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of three degrees of freedom
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
- F16C32/0461—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- F16C32/0463—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with electromagnetic bias, e.g. by extra bias windings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
- F16C32/0461—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- F16C32/0465—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with permanent magnets provided in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnets
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing. The permanent magnet bias magnetic flux is generated by 8 annular magnetized yoke permanent magnets and 4 radial magnetized tooth permanent magnets together, one set of bias winding generates electromagnetic bias magnetic flux, mixed excitation of the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux and the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is realized in the radial direction and the axial direction, and then the magnetic flux is controlled by two radial directions and one axial direction to generate three suspension forces, the bearing capacity in all directions is obviously enhanced, and the magnetic suspension device has unique advantages in high-power application occasions. The three-freedom-degree suspension device has three-freedom-degree suspension capacity, compact structure, high integration level, wide bias magnetic flux adjusting range, high inherent rigidity, and high critical rotating speed and power density; the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is convenient to adjust, the magnetic bearing load working condition adaptability is strong, the suspension power converter under the variable load working condition is low in design difficulty, the suspension control is simple, and the suspension precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing, and belongs to the technical field of magnetic suspension bearings.
Background
The magnetic suspension bearing has the excellent characteristics of no friction, no abrasion, no need of sealing lubrication, high speed, high precision, long service life, low maintenance cost and the like, and effectively solves the bearing supporting problem of the high-speed motor. The active magnetic bearing realizes the suspension of a rotating shaft through controlling the electromagnetic force between the stator and the rotor, and is widely applied in the field of high-speed motors. The active magnetic bearing is classified into an electromagnetic type and a hybrid type according to a bias magnetic field establishment method. The bias magnetic flux of the hybrid magnetic bearing is generated by the permanent magnet, has large bearing capacity, adjustable rigidity, flexible control and high power density, and is widely applied to high-speed and high-power density occasions. However, the traditional hybrid magnetic bearing only adopts the permanent magnet as a bias magnetic field, so that the bias magnetic flux of the magnetic bearing is not adjustable, the inherent rigidity is not high, and the critical rotating speed and the power density are required to be further improved; in addition, the permanent magnetic flux is not adjustable, and the maximum suspension bearing capacity of the magnetic bearing is fixed after the manufacturing is finished, so that the suspension capacity of the hybrid magnetic bearing is limited by the magnetic energy of the permanent magnets, and the overload capacity is weak.
In the application field of magnetic suspension trains, the requirement on suspension bearing capacity is high, the load change is large, and the adjustment range of the bias magnetic flux of the magnetic bearing is wider, so that the magnetic suspension train suspension system is suitable for large-capacity loads and variable working conditions of the train, and further the output power and the suspension control precision of the magnetic suspension bearing are improved. Therefore, an electromagnetic bias magnetic flux with wide regulation range and strong bearing capacity adaptability is added in the hybrid magnetic bearing with high power density and small volume weight, so that the hybrid excitation of the bias magnetic flux of the magnetic bearing is realized, the output power, the inherent rigidity, the power density and the critical rotating speed of the magnetic bearing are further improved, and the magnetic bearing is a hot point for researching the high-capacity magnetic bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, bias magnetic flux is generated by adopting a bias winding and a permanent magnet together, the hybrid excitation of the permanent magnet and the electromagnetism is realized in the radial direction and the axial direction, the output power and the load capacity in each direction are obviously improved, and the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing has unique advantages in the application fields of high-capacity loads such as a magnetic suspension train, a magnetic suspension flywheel and the like; meanwhile, the adjustment range, the inherent rigidity, the critical rotating speed and the power density of the bias magnetic flux of the magnetic bearing are further improved.
The invention has electromagnetic bias and permanent magnetic bias magnetic flux in the axial and two radial magnetic circuits of the magnetic bearing, and the magnetic flux interacts with the control magnetic flux of the three-direction suspension winding respectively to generate an axial suspension force and two radial suspension forces, thereby realizing three-degree-of-freedom suspension operation. Because the permanent magnet is fixed after the design and manufacture are finished, the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux can not be adjusted, if the output power and the suspension capacity need to be further improved, the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux amplitude is improved by increasing the bias winding exciting current, and the magnetic suspension bearing capacity is further increased. Therefore, when the load working condition changes, the total bias magnetic flux of the magnetic bearing is dynamically adjusted by changing the current of the bias winding, so that the requirement on output suspension force under different load working states is met, the design and suspension control difficulty of the suspension power converter is reduced, and the adaptability and suspension control precision of the magnetic bearing are further improved.
The invention has three suspension capacities of axial direction and two radial directions, high integration level and compact structure, realizes the mixed excitation of permanent magnet and electromagnetic bias magnetic flux in three directions, obviously enhances the bearing capacity and has unique advantages in the application field with large capacity and high power density requirement.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing comprises a radial force stator, a tooth permanent magnet, a yoke permanent magnet, a magnetic yoke, an axial force stator I, an axial force stator II, a rotor, a rotating shaft, a bias coil, a radial suspension coil, an axial suspension coil I and an axial suspension coil II;
the axial force stator I, the radial force stator and the axial force stator II are arranged in the magnetic yoke in series, and the radial force stator is arranged between the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II; a gap I exists between the axial force stator I and the radial force stator, a gap II exists between the axial force stator II and the radial force stator, and the gap I is equal to the gap II; the rotor is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in the radial force stator, and the rotor is sleeved on the rotating shaft;
the radial force stator is composed of 8T-shaped stators which are uniformly arranged on the circumference, and each T-shaped stator comprises two parts, namely a stator tooth part and a stator yoke part; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the positive horizontal direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the horizontal direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the positive vertical direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the vertical direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the horizontal negative direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the horizontal direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the vertical negative direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the vertical direction; the rest 4T-shaped stators are respectively arranged between two adjacent T-shaped stators in the horizontal and vertical positions;
the tooth permanent magnets are of rectangular structures, and the number of the tooth permanent magnets is 4; the yoke permanent magnets are of a rectangular structure, and the number of the yoke permanent magnets is 8; 1 yoke permanent magnet is tightly arranged between stator yokes of two adjacent T-shaped stators, the number of the yoke permanent magnets is 8, and the 8 yoke permanent magnets are all in a circumferential magnetizing mode;
each tooth of the 4T-shaped stators in the horizontal and vertical positions is wound with 1 bias coil and 1 radial suspension coil, and the total number of the 4 bias coils and the 4 radial suspension coils is 4; each tooth of the rest 4T-shaped stators is embedded with 1 tooth permanent magnet, the total number is 4, and the 4 tooth permanent magnets adopt a radial magnetizing mode;
the guide magnetic yoke is composed of 8 sector yokes uniformly arranged on the circumference, and the central line of the sector yoke is superposed with the central line of the T-shaped stator; a gap exists between every two adjacent fan-shaped yokes, and the width of the gap is the same as that of the yoke permanent magnet;
the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II are both
A mold structure of
The structure comprises a radial component and an axial component, wherein the radial component and the axial component are mutually vertical in space; the axial part is provided with 1 axial salient pole, and the axial salient poles of the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II are opposite in direction and both point to the rotor;the above-mentioned
1 through hole is arranged in the profile structure, and the central line of the through hole is superposed with the central line of the rotating shaft; each of said
The axial salient poles of the profile structure form 1 annular tooth; the outer diameter of the annular tooth is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft penetrates through the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II and is arranged in the through hole;
the radial component comprises 8 radial fan-shaped teeth which are uniformly distributed in space; each radial sector tooth center line of the radial part is coincident with each sector yoke center line of the magnetic yoke; magnetic isolation grooves are formed between adjacent radial fan-shaped teeth, and the width of each magnetic isolation groove is equal to that of each yoke permanent magnet;
1 axial suspension coil I is wound on the annular tooth of the axial force stator I, and 1 axial suspension coil II is wound on the annular tooth of the axial force stator II;
the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing comprises the following coils in a connection mode: 4 bias coils are connected in series to form 1 bias winding; 2 radial suspension coils in the horizontal direction are reversely connected in series to form 1 horizontal radial suspension winding; 2 radial suspension coils in the vertical direction are reversely connected in series to form 1 vertical radial suspension winding; 1 axial suspension coil I and 1 axial suspension coil II are connected in series in the reverse direction and constitute 1 axial suspension winding.
When the current of the bias winding is zero, only the permanent magnet of the magnetic bearing generates bias magnetic flux, the bias magnetic flux interacts with the axial suspension control magnetic flux and the two radial suspension control magnetic fluxes to generate three suspension forces, and then three-degree-of-freedom suspension operation of the rotating shaft is realized.
When the bias winding is excited and conducted, an electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is added into the magnetic bearing, mixed excitation of permanent magnet and electromagnetic bias magnetic fluxes is realized, the total bias magnetic flux is increased, the output suspension force is further improved under the condition that the suspension control magnetic flux is not changed, and the working mode has unique advantages in the application occasions of high-capacity loads.
The three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing realizes the mixed excitation of electromagnetic and permanent magnet bias magnetic fluxes in two radial directions and one axial direction, the bearing capacity in each direction is obviously enhanced, the power density is expected to be greatly improved, and the three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing has obvious advantages in the field of high-capacity loads such as magnetic suspension trains, magnetic suspension flywheels and the like. In addition, due to the wide electromagnetic bias adjusting range, the inherent rigidity and the critical rotating speed of the magnetic bearing are also obviously improved, and the magnetic bearing has unique advantages in the fields of aerospace, military and the like with high requirements on the volume weight and the power density of the magnetic bearing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing, and by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the following technical effects can be achieved:
(1) the hybrid excitation of electromagnetic and permanent magnet bias magnetic fluxes is realized in three directions, namely two radial directions and one axial direction, the bearing capacity in all directions is obviously enhanced, and the hybrid excitation device has unique advantages in high-power application occasions;
(2) the structure is compact, the three-degree-of-freedom suspension capacity is realized, the integration level is high, the bias magnetic flux adjusting range is wide, the inherent rigidity is high, and the critical rotating speed and the power density are high;
(3) the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is convenient to adjust, the magnetic bearing load working condition adaptability is strong, the suspension power converter under the variable load working condition is low in design difficulty, the suspension control is simple, and the suspension precision is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a three-degree-of-freedom hybrid-biased magnetic bearing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a radial flux distribution pattern within the radial force stator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an axial magnetic flux distribution diagram in vertical cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a radial flux distribution pattern within an axial force stator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an axial flux profile in a 45 deg. cross-sectional view of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: in fig. 1 to 5, 1 is a radial force stator, 2a is a tooth permanent magnet, 2b is a yoke permanent magnet, 3 is a bias coil, 4 is a radial levitation coil, 5 is a rotor, 6 is a rotating shaft, 7 is a magnetic yoke, 8 is an axial levitation coil i, 9 is an axial levitation coil ii, 10 is an axial force stator i, 11 is an axial force stator ii, 12, 13, 14 are positive directions of x, y, z axis direction coordinate axes, respectively, 15 is a permanent magnetic bias flux generated by the yoke permanent magnet and the tooth permanent magnet together, 16 is an electromagnetic bias flux generated by the bias coil, 17 is a radial levitation control flux generated by a vertical (y axis) radial levitation winding, and 18 is an axial levitation control flux generated by the axial levitation winding.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional structure diagram of the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing of the present invention is shown, wherein 1 is a radial force stator, 2a is a tooth permanent magnet, 2b is a yoke permanent magnet, 3 is a bias coil, 4 is a radial suspension coil, 5 is a rotor, 6 is a rotating shaft, 7 is a magnetic yoke, 8 is an axial suspension coil i, 9 is an axial suspension coil ii, 10 is an axial force stator i, 11 is an axial force stator ii, and 12, 13, and 14 are positive directions of x, y, and z axis direction coordinate axes respectively.
A three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing comprises a radial force stator, a tooth permanent magnet, a yoke permanent magnet, a magnetic yoke, an axial force stator I, an axial force stator II, a rotor, a rotating shaft, a bias coil, a radial suspension coil, an axial suspension coil I and an axial suspension coil II;
the axial force stator I, the radial force stator and the axial force stator II are arranged in the magnetic yoke in series, and the radial force stator is arranged between the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II; a gap I exists between the axial force stator I and the radial force stator, a gap II exists between the axial force stator II and the radial force stator, and the gap I is equal to the gap II; the rotor is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in the radial force stator, and the rotor is sleeved on the rotating shaft;
the radial force stator is composed of 8T-shaped stators which are uniformly arranged on the circumference, and each T-shaped stator comprises two parts, namely a stator tooth part and a stator yoke part; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the positive horizontal direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the horizontal direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the positive vertical direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the vertical direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the horizontal negative direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the horizontal direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the vertical negative direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the vertical direction; the rest 4T-shaped stators are respectively arranged between two adjacent T-shaped stators in the horizontal and vertical positions;
the tooth permanent magnets are of rectangular structures, and the number of the tooth permanent magnets is 4; the yoke permanent magnets are of a rectangular structure, and the number of the yoke permanent magnets is 8; 1 yoke permanent magnet is tightly arranged between stator yokes of two adjacent T-shaped stators, the number of the yoke permanent magnets is 8, and the 8 yoke permanent magnets are all in a circumferential magnetizing mode;
each tooth of the 4T-shaped stators in the horizontal and vertical positions is wound with 1 bias coil and 1 radial suspension coil, and the total number of the 4 bias coils and the 4 radial suspension coils is 4; each tooth of the rest 4T-shaped stators is embedded with 1 tooth permanent magnet, the total number is 4, and the 4 tooth permanent magnets adopt a radial magnetizing mode;
the guide magnetic yoke is composed of 8 sector yokes uniformly arranged on the circumference, and the central line of the sector yoke is superposed with the central line of the T-shaped stator; a gap exists between every two adjacent fan-shaped yokes, and the width of the gap is the same as that of the yoke permanent magnet;
the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II are both
A mold structure of
The structure comprises a radial component and an axial component, wherein the radial component and the axial component are mutually vertical in space; the axial part has 1 axial salient pole, and the axial salient poles of the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II face to each otherConversely, all point to the rotor; the above-mentioned
1 through hole is arranged in the profile structure, and the central line of the through hole is superposed with the central line of the rotating shaft; each of said
The axial salient poles of the profile structure form 1 annular tooth; the outer diameter of the annular tooth is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft penetrates through the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II and is arranged in the through hole;
the radial component comprises 8 radial fan-shaped teeth which are uniformly distributed in space; each radial sector tooth center line of the radial part is coincident with each sector yoke center line of the magnetic yoke; magnetic isolation grooves are formed between adjacent radial fan-shaped teeth, and the width of each magnetic isolation groove is equal to that of each yoke permanent magnet;
1 axial suspension coil I is wound on the annular tooth of the axial force stator I, and 1 axial suspension coil II is wound on the annular tooth of the axial force stator II;
the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing comprises the following coils in a connection mode: 4 bias coils are connected in series to form 1 bias winding; 2 radial suspension coils in the horizontal direction are reversely connected in series to form 1 horizontal radial suspension winding; 2 radial suspension coils in the vertical direction are reversely connected in series to form 1 vertical radial suspension winding; 1 axial suspension coil I and 1 axial suspension coil II are connected in series in the reverse direction and constitute 1 axial suspension winding.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, they are schematic diagrams of magnetic flux distributions generated by each tooth permanent magnet, yoke permanent magnet and each winding in the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid-biased magnetic bearing of the present invention, respectively. Wherein, line number 15 is the permanent magnet bias flux generated by the yoke permanent magnet and the tooth permanent magnet together, line number 16 is the electromagnetic bias flux generated by the bias coil, line number 17 is the radial levitation control flux generated by the vertical (i.e. y-axis) radial levitation winding, and line number 18 is the axial levitation control flux generated by the axial levitation winding.
The 4-tooth permanent magnets are magnetized in the radial direction, and the magnetic field polarities are the same, so that the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux generated by the 4-tooth permanent magnets is distributed on four stator teeth in an NNNNNN or SSSS mode, and the NNNN distribution is shown in fig. 2. 8 yoke permanent magnets are magnetized annularly, and the generated permanent magnet bias magnetic flux is distributed in NS alternating mode on the circumference; in addition, the direction of the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux generated by each tooth permanent magnet is opposite to that of the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux generated by two adjacent yoke permanent magnets, so that the permanent magnet bias magnetic fluxes generated by the three permanent magnets all point to the root of the stator tooth where the tooth permanent magnet is positioned, then the magnetic flux is converged together and passes through a magnetic conduction yoke which is closely arranged with a stator where the tooth permanent magnet is positioned, and then the magnetic flux is divided into two parts to flow into two axial force stators along two axial directions (as shown in figure 3), wherein the distribution of the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux in the radial component of the axial force stator is shown in figure 4, then the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux flows into the annular teeth of the axial force stator and passes through two air gaps in the axial direction, after the magnetic flux flows into the rotor, the magnetic flux passes through the radial air gap from the radial direction, then flows into 8 stator teeth of the radial force stator, finally flows into 12 permanent magnets to form a closed loop, and the closed loop is a conduction magnetic circuit of permanent magnet bias magnetic flux.
The polarity of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux generated by the 4 bias coils is the same, and the direction of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is the same as that of the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux generated by the tooth permanent magnet. The electromagnetic bias magnetic flux flows into a magnetic yoke which is tightly arranged with the stator teeth wound by the bias coil through the stator teeth, and flows into the axial force stator along two axial directions after being divided into two parts (as shown in figure 3), wherein the distribution of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux in the radial part of the axial force stator is as shown in figure 4, then the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux flows into the annular teeth of the axial force stator, then the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux flows into the rotor after passing through two air gaps in the axial direction, and then the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux flows into the rotor to be combined into one, and finally flows into 4 stator teeth wound by the bias coil in the radial force stator to form a closed loop, so that the closed loop is a magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux.
The radial suspension control magnetic fluxes generated by two radial suspension coils in the horizontal (namely, x-axis) radial suspension winding are opposite in polarity, and a radial magnetic flux with two symmetrically distributed poles is generated. The radial suspension control magnetic fluxes generated by the two radial suspension coils in the vertical (y-axis) radial suspension winding are opposite in polarity (the opposite magnetic flux polarities mean that the radial magnetic fluxes generated by the two radial suspension coils are one radially directed to the outside of the motor and the other radially directed to the inside of the motor), and a magnetic flux with two symmetrically distributed poles is also generated. Reference numeral 17 in fig. 2 is a radial suspension control magnetic flux generated when the vertical (y-axis) radial suspension winding is energized and conducted, and the radial suspension control magnetic flux flows into two axial force stators after passing through a radial air gap, a rotor, a vertical positive direction air gap and vertical positive direction stator teeth in a vertical negative direction, then being divided into two parts by a magnetic conduction yoke, then flowing into two axial force stators, then flowing into two parts of a vertical positive direction radial component and a vertical negative reverse radial component (as shown in fig. 4), and then flowing into the magnetic conduction yoke to form a closed loop after passing through the vertical negative direction stator teeth of the radial force stators, and is a conduction magnetic circuit of the vertical (y-axis) radial suspension control magnetic flux. Similarly, the conducting magnetic circuit distribution of the horizontal (x-axis) radial suspension control magnetic flux is similar to that of the vertical (y-axis) radial suspension control magnetic flux loop.
The axial suspension control magnetic flux directions generated by the two axial suspension coils in the axial suspension winding point to the positive direction of the z axis or the negative direction of the z axis at the same time, and the axial suspension magnetic fluxes generated by the two axial suspension coils in the figure 5 point to the positive direction of the z axis, so that a series magnetic circuit is formed. As shown in fig. 5, the axial levitation control magnetic flux starts from the annular tooth of the z-axis positive direction axial force stator, passes through the z-axis positive direction air gap, the rotor, the z-axis negative direction air gap, the annular tooth of the z-axis negative direction axial force stator, and the radial part of the z-axis negative direction axial force stator, enters the magnetic yoke, and then flows into the radial part and the annular tooth of the z-axis positive direction axial force stator to form a closed loop, which is a conducting loop of the axial levitation control magnetic flux.
The mechanism for generating the radial suspension force of the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing is as follows: in the positive direction of the y axis, the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the radial suspension winding in the y axis direction is the same as the directions of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux and the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux, and the air gap synthetic magnetic flux is increased; in the y-axis negative direction, the direction of magnetic flux generated by the y-axis radial suspension winding is opposite to the directions of electromagnetic bias magnetic flux and permanent magnet bias magnetic flux, and the resultant magnetic flux of the air gap is reduced, so that the magnetic flux of the air gap in the y-axis positive direction is greater than that in the y-axis negative direction, and further a radial suspension force in the y-axis positive direction is generated; when the current direction of the radial levitation winding in the y-axis direction is reversed, a radial levitation force in the negative y-axis direction is generated. Similarly, the magnitude and the direction of the current in the radial suspension winding in the x-axis direction are controlled, and the suspension force in the x-axis direction with controllable magnitude and direction is also generated. Therefore, the size and the direction of the current of the radial suspension winding in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are reasonably controlled, two radial suspension forces with controllable size and direction are generated, and further the radial stable suspension operation of the rotor is realized.
The mechanism for generating the axial suspension force of the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing is as follows: in the positive direction of the z axis, the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the axial suspension winding in the z axis direction is the same as the directions of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux and the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux, and the air gap synthetic magnetic flux is increased; in the negative direction of the z axis, the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the axial suspension winding in the z axis direction is opposite to the directions of the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux and the permanent magnet bias magnetic flux, the resultant magnetic flux of the air gap is reduced, so that the magnetic flux of the air gap in the positive direction of the z axis is greater than that in the negative direction of the z axis, and further, the axial suspension force in the positive direction of the z axis is generated; when the current direction of the z-axis direction axial levitation winding is reversed, an axial levitation force in the z-axis negative direction is generated. Therefore, the magnitude and the direction of the current of the z-axis axial suspension winding are reasonably controlled, namely, an axial suspension force with controllable magnitude and direction is generated, and further the axial stable suspension operation of the rotor is realized.
Therefore, the currents of the three suspension windings in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction and the z-axis direction of the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing are reasonably controlled, and three suspension forces with controllable sizes and directions are obtained.
It should be noted that, because the positive and negative of the suspension force change with the positive and negative of the suspension winding current, the current directions of the three suspension windings change during control, and a power converter with adjustable current direction is needed; the bias winding current direction is not changed, so that a power converter with a single direction is adopted.
When the current of the bias winding is zero, only the permanent magnet of the magnetic bearing generates bias magnetic flux, the bias magnetic flux interacts with the axial suspension control magnetic flux and the two radial suspension control magnetic fluxes, and suspension force in three directions can be generated, so that three-degree-of-freedom suspension operation of the rotating shaft is realized.
When the bias winding is excited and conducted, the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is added into the magnetic bearing, so that the mixed excitation of permanent magnet and electromagnetic bias magnetic flux can be realized, the total bias magnetic flux is increased, the output suspension force can be further improved under the condition that the suspension control magnetic flux is not changed, and the working mode has unique advantages in the application occasions of large-capacity loads.
In conclusion, the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing simultaneously realizes hybrid excitation of electromagnetic bias magnetic flux and permanent magnet bias magnetic flux in three directions, such as two radial directions and one axial direction, obviously enhances the bearing capacity in all directions, and has unique advantages in high-power application occasions; the magnetic bearing has compact structure, three-degree-of-freedom suspension capability, high integration level, wide bias magnetic flux adjusting range, large inherent rigidity, high critical rotating speed and high power density; in addition, the electromagnetic bias magnetic flux is convenient to adjust, the magnetic bearing load working condition adaptability is strong, the suspension power converter under the variable load working condition is low in design difficulty, the suspension control is simple, and the suspension precision is high.
Other advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, based upon the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above specific examples, and a detailed and exemplary description of one aspect of the present invention will be given by way of example only. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing comprises a radial force stator, a tooth permanent magnet, a yoke permanent magnet, a magnetic yoke, an axial force stator I, an axial force stator II, a rotor, a rotating shaft, a bias coil, a radial suspension coil, an axial suspension coil I and an axial suspension coil II;
the magnetic force sensor is characterized in that the axial force stator I, the radial force stator and the axial force stator II are arranged in the magnetic yoke in series, and the radial force stator is arranged between the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II; a gap I exists between the axial force stator I and the radial force stator, a gap II exists between the axial force stator II and the radial force stator, and the gap I is equal to the gap II; the rotor is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in the radial force stator, and the rotor is sleeved on the rotating shaft;
the radial force stator is composed of 8T-shaped stators which are uniformly arranged on the circumference, and each T-shaped stator comprises two parts, namely a stator tooth part and a stator yoke part; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the positive horizontal direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the horizontal direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the positive vertical direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the vertical direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the horizontal negative direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the horizontal direction; 1T-shaped stator is arranged in the vertical negative direction, and the central line of the stator teeth of the T-shaped stator coincides with the vertical direction; the rest 4T-shaped stators are respectively arranged between two adjacent T-shaped stators in the horizontal and vertical positions;
the tooth permanent magnets are of rectangular structures, and the number of the tooth permanent magnets is 4; the yoke permanent magnets are of a rectangular structure, and the number of the yoke permanent magnets is 8; 1 yoke permanent magnet is tightly arranged between stator yokes of two adjacent T-shaped stators, the number of the yoke permanent magnets is 8, and the 8 yoke permanent magnets are all in a circumferential magnetizing mode;
each tooth of the 4T-shaped stators in the horizontal and vertical positions is wound with 1 bias coil and 1 radial suspension coil, and the total number of the 4 bias coils and the 4 radial suspension coils is 4; each tooth of the rest 4T-shaped stators is embedded with 1 tooth permanent magnet, the total number is 4, and the 4 tooth permanent magnets adopt a radial magnetizing mode;
the guide magnetic yoke is composed of 8 sector yokes uniformly arranged on the circumference, and the central line of the sector yoke is superposed with the central line of the T-shaped stator; a gap exists between every two adjacent fan-shaped yokes, and the width of the gap is the same as that of the yoke permanent magnet;
the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II are both
A mold structure of
The structure comprises a radial component and an axial component, wherein the radial component and the axial component are mutually vertical in space; the axial part is provided with 1 axial salient pole, and the axial salient poles of the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II are opposite in direction and both point to the rotor; the above-mentioned
1 through hole is arranged in the profile structure, and the central line of the through hole is superposed with the central line of the rotating shaft; each of said
The axial salient poles of the profile structure form 1 annular tooth; the outer diameter of the annular tooth is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft penetrates through the axial force stator I and the axial force stator II and is arranged in the through hole;
the radial component comprises 8 radial fan-shaped teeth which are uniformly distributed in space; each radial sector tooth center line of the radial part is coincident with each sector yoke center line of the magnetic yoke; magnetic isolation grooves are formed between adjacent radial fan-shaped teeth, and the width of each magnetic isolation groove is equal to that of each yoke permanent magnet;
1 axial suspension coil I is wound on the annular tooth of the axial force stator I, and 1 axial suspension coil II is wound on the annular tooth of the axial force stator II;
the three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing comprises the following coils in a connection mode: 4 bias coils are connected in series to form 1 bias winding; 2 radial suspension coils in the horizontal direction are reversely connected in series to form 1 horizontal radial suspension winding; 2 radial suspension coils in the vertical direction are reversely connected in series to form 1 vertical radial suspension winding; 1 axial suspension coil I and 1 axial suspension coil II are connected in series in the reverse direction and constitute 1 axial suspension winding.
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| CN115654016A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-31 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Magnetic suspension active bearing, motor and compressor |
| CN117477815A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-01-30 | 沈阳工业大学 | Permanent magnet offset type cylindrical-conical hybrid rotor bearingless switch reluctance motor |
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