CN113198835A - AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on Adam-SVM model - Google Patents
AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on Adam-SVM model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on an Adam-SVM model, which comprises the following steps: optimizing the component performance of the hot-rolled flat-bulb steel by utilizing an Adam-SVM algorithm to obtain the alloy components of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel; according to the obtained alloy components, converter smelting, external refining and protective casting are adopted to obtain continuous casting billets; after soaking the obtained continuous casting billet, hot rolling the continuous casting billet by a two-roller reversing mill, a three-roller mill and a universal mill in sequence according to the hole shape to obtain flat bulb steel; and after the hot saw is used for saw cutting, the hot saw is put on a cooling bed for air cooling, and then spray cooling is carried out after the cooling is carried out to a certain temperature. The technical scheme of the invention formulates an optimized alloy design scheme based on a machine learning algorithm, reasonably reduces the content of the added elements in the steel, further reduces the cost and shortens the research and development period. Meanwhile, the flat-bulb steel with low cost and high performance is successfully developed through the optimized design of a heating system and a rolling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flat-bulb steel manufacturing, and particularly relates to an AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel manufacturing method based on an Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) -Support Vector Machine (SVM) model.
Background
In the 21 st century, the field of ships and ocean engineering equipment in China is in a new period of high-speed growth, and the rapid development of the field of ships and ocean engineering equipment puts urgent demands on high strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance for steel for shipbuilding and ocean engineering, and simultaneously needs to meet the demands of large thickness and large size specification. The annual average demand of the steel for the ships in the international new shipbuilding market is about 8000 ten thousand tons, and the annual demand of the steel for the ships in 2019 in China reaches about 1200 ten thousand tons, and the steel has a trend of rising year by year. The flat-bulb steel serving as the structural steel special for the ship is an indispensable special section for building large ships, various ocean-going, coastal and inland ships, various naval vessels and the like, and has important influence on the bearing capacity and safety of a ship body structure. In the hull section, the flat bulb steel accounts for about 80 percent, the share is the largest, and the annual demand exceeds 200 ten thousand tons. The development series of high-strength and high-toughness flat-bulb steel for the ships is matched with the steel for the existing ships, so that the performance matching is realized, the requirements of novel water surface ships on high-toughness materials are met, and the steel is an important material foundation for ensuring the construction of high-technology ships, ultra-large submarine bodies, high and new water surface battle ships and the like.
The related prior art comprises a high-strength low-temperature-resistant flat-bulb steel and a production process, and the scheme discloses a rolling process of the flat-bulb steel in detail, wherein the final structure of the flat-bulb steel is acicular ferrite, tempered martensite and a small amount of austenite, but the performance of the flat-bulb steel is not measured.
The related prior art also comprises large-specification high-strength ship flat-bulb steel and a production process thereof, the flat-bulb steel is subjected to component design aiming at EH36 according to physical metallurgy rules and experience, the flat-bulb steel with high low-temperature impact toughness is researched and developed, the component design process is relatively complicated, and a large amount of experiments are required to verify, so that relatively high research and development cost and a relatively long research and development period are required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on the Adam-SVM model, and the prepared hot-rolled flat-bulb steel has larger specification and lower cost while ensuring higher performance.
According to the first aspect of the invention, an AH36 grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on an Adam-SVM model is provided, and the method is operated based on a machine learning theory and comprises the following steps:
(1) optimizing the component performance of the hot-rolled flat-bulb steel by utilizing an Adam-SVM algorithm to obtain the alloy components of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel;
(2) according to the obtained alloy components, converter smelting, external refining and protective casting are adopted to obtain a continuous casting billet with the cross section of 280mm multiplied by 165 mm;
(3) heating the obtained continuous casting billet in a heating furnace, and sequentially passing through a 850BD two-roller reversible mill, a 800TRM three-roller mill and a 950SC universal mill according to the hole shape to obtain the HP 370X 13 flat-bulb steel;
(4) and after the hot saw cuts, the material is put on a cooling bed for air cooling and cooled to 200 ℃ for spray cooling.
Specifically, in the step (1), the step of optimizing the component performance by using the Adam-SVM algorithm comprises the following steps:
(1.1) defining an optimization category: and (3) defining the class of the flat-bulb steel according to the impact energy, wherein the class A is as follows: 70-100J; b type: 100 to 130J; class C: 130-160J; and D type: 160-190J; and E type: 190J or more;
(1.2) data processing: performing standard fraction normalization processing on original data, wherein the original experimental data comprise C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Nb, N and impact energy;
(1.3) impact performance optimization design: the components (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Nb and N) are used as input, the impact energy category is used as output, an Adam-SVM algorithm model is used for predicting the impact energy, a training set and a testing set are selected, the impact performance E category is used as a prediction target, and the design of the components of the flat-bulb steel is reversely optimized.
Specifically, the AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel preparation method based on the Adam-SVM model in the step (1.2) adopts the following formula:
wherein mu is the mean value of all sample data; sigma is the standard deviation of all sample data, and x is a component performance data set;
specifically, in the preparation method of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model in the step (1.3), the step of reversely optimizing the components in the impact property comprises the following steps:
(1.3.1): importing sample data (components and performance data), initializing a maximum mean square error value and a fold number of cross validation, and randomly selecting a validation test sample and a training sample;
(1.3.2): initializing maximum iteration times, acceleration factors, population scale SVM cross validation parameters and the like;
(1.3.3): optimizing SVM parameters by using an Adam algorithm, performing successive training, and establishing an Adam-SVM model of a performance reverse optimization component;
(1.3.4): adopting a test sample to verify the feasibility of the model, obtaining a sample output value, calculating an error, judging whether a termination condition is met, and meeting the following conditions: outputting a result; does not satisfy: and returning to the step 5.1 to re-optimize the training.
Specifically, the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on the Adam-SVM model in the step (1.3.3) adopts an Adam optimization SVM algorithm and comprises the following steps:
(1.3.3.1) determining mt、vtUpdating rules
mt＝β1mt-1+(1-β1)gt
Wherein m istIs a first moment (mean) estimate of the gradient; v. oftIs a gradient second moment (no central variance) estimate; beta is a1Is the first moment attenuation coefficient; beta is a2Is the second moment attenuation coefficient; gtThe resulting gradient is derived for the objective function.
(1.3.3.2) bias correcting the first and second moment estimates
Wherein,
is mtCorrection of bias of (3);
is v istCorrection of bias of (3);
(1.3.3.3) determining Adam update rules
Where θ solves for (updated) parameters.
Specifically, the AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.14 to 0.16%, Si: 0.25 to 0.40%, Mn: 1.40-1.55%, P: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.004%, Al: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.015-0.020%, N: 0.005-0.009%, and the balance Fe and impurity elements.
In the step (3), the recrystallization of crystal grains is realized in the hot rolling process, wherein the normal-temperature crystal grain size of the original square billet of the flat-bulb steel is less than or equal to 70 microns, the average crystal grain size of the ball head of the flat-bulb steel finished product is less than or equal to 32 microns, and the average crystal grain size of the web plate of the flat-bulb steel finished product is less than or equal to 21 microns.
Specifically, in the step (3), the heating furnace adopts a three-stage heating system, which comprises a preheating section, a heating section and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 1100-1200 ℃, the temperature of the soaking section is 1200-1250 ℃, and the start rolling temperature is 1140-1160 ℃.
Specifically, in the step (3), 10 passes (K10-K1 passes) of rolling are required, 850BD two-roller reversing rolling mill is adopted for the K10-K6 passes of rolling, the K10 inlet temperature is 1140-1160 ℃, the K6 outlet temperature is 1030-1050 ℃, 800TRM three-roller rolling mill is adopted for the K5-K3 passes of rolling, and 950SC universal rolling mill is adopted for the K2-K1 passes of rolling. The initial rolling temperature of K10 is 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature of K1 is 925 ℃.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel is prepared by the method according to any one of the aspects, and the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel requires that the yield strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 550MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 27%, and the 0 ℃ longitudinal V-notch impact absorption power is more than or equal to 190J.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel preparation method based on the Adam-SVM model has the following advantages:
1) the SVM model is a small sample learning method with a solid theoretical foundation, so that efficient transduction reasoning from a training sample to a forecast sample is realized, and the problems of common classification, regression and the like are greatly simplified. Meanwhile, the complexity of the model calculation depends on the number of support vectors rather than the dimension of the sample space, so that the 'dimension disaster' is avoided in a certain sense, and the model has better 'robustness' in the calculation of AH36 hot-rolled flat-bulb steel.
2) The SVM model is optimized by adopting an Adam algorithm, and the accuracy of algorithm classification and fitting and the accuracy of flat-bulb steel component design are improved by optimizing the SVM parameter selection process;
3) the Adam-SVM composite model is adopted to carry out the optimization design of the components of the flat-bulb steel, so that the organic coupling of different chemical components and performances is realized, the mechanical properties of the material are improved, and the material cost of the flat-bulb steel is reduced;
4) the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel designed by the Adam-SVM composite model has good performance, the yield strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 550MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 27 percent, and the impact absorption power of a longitudinal V-shaped notch at 0 ℃ is more than or equal to 190J.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the AH36 hot rolled flat bulb steel manufacturing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the rolling process of AH36 hot-rolled flat bulb steel of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present disclosure are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
A plurality, including two or more.
And/or, it should be understood that, for the term "and/or" as used in this disclosure, it is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three types of relationships may exist. For example, a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
According to the invention, a high-strength and high-toughness flat-bulb steel with a microstructure composed of pearlite and ferrite and good structural property matching at normal temperature is obtained through designing and optimizing a flat-bulb steel alloy system meeting the requirements of related performance indexes through an Adam-SVM component-performance classification prediction model and through a proper treatment process.
The following examples were produced by the method of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, that is, the composition properties were optimized by SVM model and the production was performed strictly according to the process of the present invention. The optimized AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel consists of the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.14 to 0.16%, Si: 0.30-0.40%, Mn: 1.20-1.30%, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.004%, Al: 0.02-0.03%, Nb: 0.012-0.015%, N: 0.004-0.007% of the total weight of the alloy, and the balance of Fe and impurity elements.
Example 1: after optimizing the element components of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel by adopting an Adam-SVM model, smelting and casting are carried out according to the component range to obtain a billet with the section of 280mm multiplied by 165mm, and then the components of the billet are detected, and the table 1 shows.
Table 1 composition of steel billet (wt.%)
The rolling was carried out in the order of 850BD/800TRM/950SCI/950 SCII mill passes of 5/3/1/1, respectively, and the mechanical properties of the HP 370X 13 gauge flat bar obtained after rolling are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties
Example 2: after optimizing the element components of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel by adopting an Adam-SVM model, smelting and casting are carried out according to the component range to obtain a billet with the section of 280mm multiplied by 165mm, and then the components of the billet are detected, which is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 composition of steel billet (wt.%)
The rolling was carried out in the order of 850BD/800TRM/950SCI/950 SCII mill passes of 5/3/1/1, respectively, and the mechanical properties of the HP 370X 13 gauge flat bar obtained after rolling are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 mechanical Properties
Example 3: after optimizing the element components of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel by adopting an Adam-SVM model, smelting and casting are carried out according to the component range to obtain a billet with the section of 280mm multiplied by 165mm, and then the components of the billet are detected, which is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 composition of steel billets (wt.%)
The rolling was carried out in the order of 850BD/800TRM/950SCI/950 SCII mill passes of 5/3/1/1, respectively, and the mechanical properties of the HP 370X 13 gauge flat bar obtained after rolling are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 mechanical Properties
In order to further highlight the effect of the invention, the following two groups of comparisons are provided, when the Adam-SVM algorithm is not adopted to carry out classification optimization design on the component performance and the process optimization is not carried out (the initial rolling temperature is more than 1200 ℃), the component performance is shown in the following table:
comparison 1:
TABLE a composition of the billet (wt.%)
TABLE b mechanical Properties
Comparison 2:
TABLE c composition of the billet (wt.%)
TABLE d mechanical Properties
Through comparison 1 and comparison 2, the performance of the steel is relatively poor before the components and the rolling process are optimized, and through the optimization of the components and the rolling process, the steel achieves excellent mechanical properties in the component range and the rolling process.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on an Adam-SVM model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) optimizing the component performance of the hot-rolled flat-bulb steel by using an adaptive moment estimation (Adam) -Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to obtain the alloy components of the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat-bulb steel;
(2) according to the obtained alloy components, converter smelting, external refining and protective casting are adopted to obtain continuous casting billets;
(3) putting the obtained continuous casting billet into a heating furnace for heating, and then carrying out hot rolling on the continuous casting billet by a two-roller reversing mill, a three-roller mill and a universal mill in sequence according to the hole shape to obtain flat-bulb steel;
(4) and after the hot saw is used for saw cutting, the hot saw is put on a cooling bed for air cooling, and then spray cooling is carried out after the cooling is carried out to a certain temperature.
2. The method for preparing AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bar based on the Adam-SVM model according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the step of optimizing the composition performance of the hot-rolled flat bar by using the Adam-SVM algorithm comprises the following steps:
(1.1) defining an optimization category: and (3) defining the class of the flat-bulb steel according to the impact energy, wherein the class A is as follows: 70-100J; b type: 100 to 130J; class C: 130-160J; and D type: 160-190J; and E type: 190J or more;
(1.2) data processing: performing standard fraction normalization processing on original data, wherein the original experimental data comprise C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Nb, N and impact energy;
(1.3) impact performance optimization design: the components C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Nb and N are used as input, the impact energy category is used as output, an Adam-SVM algorithm model is used for predicting the impact energy, a training set and a testing set are selected, the impact performance E category is used as a performance design target, and the design of the components of the flat-bulb steel is reversely optimized.
3. The method for preparing the AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model is characterized in that in the step (1.2), the standard fraction normalization processing is carried out on the original data by adopting the following formula:
where μ is the mean of all sample data, σ is the standard deviation of all sample data, and x is the constituent performance data set.
4. The method for preparing AH36 hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model is characterized in that in the step (1.3), with the impact performance class E as a performance design target, the step of reversely optimizing the design of the composition of the flat bulb steel comprises the following steps:
(1.3.1) importing sample data: the method comprises the following steps of (1) initializing a maximum mean square error value and a fold number of cross validation according to component and performance data, and randomly selecting a validation test sample and a training sample;
(1.3.2) initializing maximum iteration times, acceleration factors, population scale and SVM cross validation parameters;
(1.3.3) optimizing SVM parameters by using an Adam algorithm, carrying out successive training, and establishing an Adam-SVM model of a performance reverse optimization component;
(1.3.4) verifying the feasibility of the model by adopting the test sample to obtain a sample output value, calculating an error, and judging whether a termination condition is met or not, wherein the conditions are as follows: outputting a result; does not satisfy: and returning to the step (1.3.1) to re-optimize the training.
5. The method for preparing AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1.3.3), the step of optimizing SVM parameters by using the Adam algorithm is as follows:
(1.3.3.1) determining mt、vtUpdate the rule, wherein mtIs an estimate of a first moment of the gradient; v. oftIs a gradient second moment estimate;
(1.3.3.2) bias correcting the first and second moment estimates;
(1.3.3.3) determining an Adam update rule.
6. The method for preparing the AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the mass percentages of alloy components in the steel are C: 0.14 to 0.16%, Si: 0.25 to 0.40%, Mn: 1.40-1.55%, P: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.004%, Al: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.015-0.020%, N: 0.005-0.009%, and the balance Fe and impurity elements.
7. The method for preparing the AH36 hot-rolled flat-bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step (3), the hot rolling process realizes the recrystallization of crystal grains, wherein the normal-temperature crystal grain size of the original square billet of the flat-bulb steel is less than or equal to 70 μm, the average crystal grain size of the bulb position of the finished flat-bulb steel is less than or equal to 32 μm, and the average crystal grain size of the web position of the finished flat-bulb steel is less than or equal to 21 μm.
8. The method for preparing the AH36 hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model is characterized in that in the step (3), the heating furnace adopts a three-stage heating system which comprises a preheating section, a heating section and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 1100-1200 ℃, the temperature of the soaking section is 1200-1250 ℃, and the start rolling temperature is 1140-1160 ℃.
9. The method for preparing AH 36-grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel based on the Adam-SVM model according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), 10 passes are adopted: rolling in K10-K1 passes, rolling in K10-K6 passes by using an 850BD two-roller reversible rolling mill, rolling in K10 inlet temperature of 1140-1160 ℃, rolling in K6 outlet temperature of 1030-1050 ℃, rolling in K5-K3 passes by using an 800TRM three-roller rolling mill, and rolling in K2-K1 passes by using a 950SC universal rolling mill; the initial rolling temperature of K10 is 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature of K1 is 925 ℃.
10. An AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel, characterized in that the AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the AH36 grade hot-rolled flat bulb steel has a yield strength of not less than 380MPa, a tensile strength of not less than 550MPa, an elongation after fracture of not less than 27%, and a longitudinal V-notch impact absorption power at 0 ℃ of not less than 190J.
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