CN113198613B - Process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder - Google Patents
Process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113198613B CN113198613B CN202110499474.5A CN202110499474A CN113198613B CN 113198613 B CN113198613 B CN 113198613B CN 202110499474 A CN202110499474 A CN 202110499474A CN 113198613 B CN113198613 B CN 113198613B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which comprises the following steps: (1) removing impurities; (2) and (5) removing the shrivelled shell. According to the invention, the impurity removing device is designed to remove impurities, and then the shriveled shell is removed, so that the removal rate of the shriveled shell and the impurities can be improved, the purity of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is integrally improved, and the damage of effective components of the spore powder is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of processing technology of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and particularly relates to a technology for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Background
Ganoderma spore is the seeds of Ganoderma lucidum which is the tiny egg-shaped germ cells ejected from Ganoderma lucidum fold during the growth and maturation period, and its effective components mainly comprise ganoderan and Ganoderma triterpene. Each ganoderma spore is only 4-6 microns, is a living organism, has a double-wall structure, is externally provided with two layers of spore walls consisting of chitin (chitin) and glucan, has a concentric-circle layer-net structure, is tough and tough in texture, is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, and is extremely difficult to oxidize and decompose, so that the digestion and absorption of effective substances in the spore by people are limited. In order to fully utilize the effective substances in the ganoderma lucidum spores, the wall breaking of the spore powder is required so as to facilitate the utilization of the effective substances by people.
Ganoderma spore powder has empty shell and shrivelled shell like rice. Even if good ganoderma lucidum is a good ganoderma lucidum variety, such as a deep mountain wood is used as a culture medium, the shriveled shell rate and the empty shell rate of the ejected ganoderma lucidum spore powder reach 20-30%, and even the shriveled shell rate reaches over 50% under certain specific conditions which are adversely affected. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder with shriveled shell and empty shell still obtains a pile of empty shells even if the outer wall is broken, so that more ganoderma lucidum spore powder has no nutrition and can also cause the damage of the digestive tract. The spore powder with shriveled shell and empty shell can not be removed, the content of the functional components after wall breaking is still very low, and the efficacy of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is influenced. Therefore, to obtain the ganoderma lucidum spore powder with high content of effective components, a very important process, namely raw material pretreatment, is required before wall breaking, and inferior empty shells without nutritive value are removed.
In addition to the collapse and void removal, the high quality ganoderma spores must be dust and rogue. This is because the spraying time of the ganoderma lucidum spores is as long as 30-40 days, and some dust impurities are inevitably mixed in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder during the spraying period. The dust impurities seriously affect the quality and subsequent processing of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Patent CN201310743712.8 discloses a refining process and comprehensive utilization method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder and its use, firstly removing shriveled shell and impurities from ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, then making wall-removing refining, in which the method for removing shriveled shell and impurities includes the following steps: (1) primary screening of raw materials: weighing Ganoderma spore raw material, sieving to remove impurities to obtain sieved Ganoderma spore; preferably, the used sieve is 80-120 meshes; (2) washing and centrifuging: adding distilled water into the sieved ganoderma lucidum spores, stirring for 10-30 min, and standing for 10-30 min; the shriveled shell spores can float on the water surface, silt and other heavy impurities can sink at the water bottom, the full spores are positioned in the center of the water layer, the upper shriveled shell, the lower silt and the impurities are removed according to the layering condition, the middle layer spore suspension is taken to a filtering centrifuge, and the water is centrifugally thrown away, so that the wet ganoderma lucidum spores are obtained; the mass of the distilled water is 4-10 times, preferably 8 times that of the sieved ganoderma lucidum spores; (3) and (3) drying: washing the centrifuged wet ganoderma lucidum spores with water, and drying until the water content is below 7% to obtain dried ganoderma lucidum spores; the drying mode includes but is not limited to normal pressure drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, infrared drying or microwave drying, wherein the microwave drying has the advantages of high drying speed, uniform heating, good product quality, sensitive control, convenient operation and the like, and therefore, the microwave drying is preferred. In the microwave drying process, wet ganoderma lucidum spores need to be uniformly spread on a baking pan in thickness, the material thickness is controlled to be less than or equal to 4cm, the temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and not only can a faster drying speed be obtained, but also the influence on active ingredients in the spores is small.
The above method can simply remove the shrivelled shell and the impurities, but has the following problems: firstly, physical properties such as the shape, the volume, the weight, the solubility and the like of impurities are various, and the impurities in the spore powder are difficult to remove simply according to the size or the weight, the method firstly screens out the large impurities, and then carries out layering through the weight difference of the shrivelled shell, the spore powder and the small impurities in water, so that the impurities and the spore powder are easily not completely separated, and the removal rate of the impurities is low; and secondly, in the process of soaking the spore powder in water, although the spore wall is hard and difficult to decompose, water can enter the spore powder through pores of the spore wall, and impurities partially dissolved in water can enter the spore powder along with the spore powder to affect the effective components of the spore powder.
In summary, how to design a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder can improve the removal rate of the shriveled shell and the impurities at the same time, and does not destroy the effective components of the spore powder, which is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
The invention achieves the aim through the following technical scheme, and the process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities: weighing raw materials of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and obtaining a crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder through an impurity removal device;
(2) removing the shrivelled shell:
A. humidifying the crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder for 3-5min by pure water under the air flow of 5-10m/s at normal temperature, then reducing the temperature to- (3-5) DEG C, freezing the spore powder for 1-2h under the air flow of the same condition, taking out the frozen product of the spore powder and storing the frozen product in an ice water mixture at 0 ℃ for later use;
B. placing deionized water in a closed container at 0 ℃ for 30-50min, filtering the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A from an ice-water mixture, placing the filtered spore powder frozen matter in the closed container at 0 ℃, stirring the materials in the closed container for 3-5min, standing for 30-40min, wherein the shrivelled frozen matter slightly floats on the water surface, and the plump spore powder frozen matter is positioned at the center and the bottom of the water layer;
C. removing upper layer of shriveled shell according to the layering condition at (-1) -0 deg.C, taking plump spore powder frozen suspension into a filtering centrifuge, centrifuging to remove water, drying for 20-30min, heating to 40-50 deg.C, centrifuging again to remove water, and drying to obtain plump Ganoderma spore powder.
The spore powder frozen matter of 0 ℃ is put into the water of 0 ℃ and because the temperature is 0 ℃, consequently can not produce heat transfer, so the icing layer on spore powder frozen matter surface also can not melt, and water also can not solidify for the spore powder frozen matter can be according to the weight difference layering smoothly, can be used for separating the shrivelled shell and plump spore powder.
In addition, in order to strictly control the temperature of the spore powder frozen matter to be 0 ℃, the invention also preserves the prepared spore powder frozen matter in an ice-water mixture at 0 ℃ in advance, and ensures the smooth operation of the subsequent separation operation.
Further, the step (1) further comprises the step of sieving the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and then putting the sieved ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into an impurity removal device for removing impurities, wherein the sieve is a metal sieve, a fiber sieve or a plastic sieve with 100-200 meshes. Therefore, large-particle impurities in the raw materials can be preliminarily removed, and influence on subsequent impurity removal is avoided.
Further, the mass ratio of the deionized water in the step B to the spore powder frozen product obtained in the step A is (10-15): 1, the diameter of the ice blocks in the ice-water mixture of the step A is more than or equal to 0.1 mm.
Further, the edulcoration device includes air-blower, air purifier, head tank, Y style of calligraphy pipeline level is placed, and it includes inlet pipe, first discharging pipe and second discharging pipe, first discharging pipe is connected with glossy ganoderma spore powder crude recovery jar, the second discharging pipe is connected with the impurity recovery jar, air-blower connection air purifier, air purifier is connected with a horizontal port of positive three-way pipe, the inlet pipe of Y style of calligraphy pipeline is connected to another horizontal port of positive three-way pipe, the vertical port of positive three-way pipe is upwards and connect the head tank, the top of glossy ganoderma spore powder crude recovery jar and impurity recovery jar all is equipped with the gas vent, the gas vent is equipped with the filter screen.
Further, the inner surface of one side of the feeding pipe close to the first discharging pipe is coated with a negative ion coating, and the inner surface of one side of the feeding pipe close to the second discharging pipe is coated with a positive ion coating.
Furthermore, the inlet of the first discharge pipe is coated with 1/4-1/3 length ratio negative ion coating, and the inlet of the second discharge pipe is coated with 1/3-1/2 length ratio positive ion coating. The separated materials smoothly enter the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe and are adsorbed again, so that the advancing power of the materials is increased, and the materials are further separated. However, if the length ratio is too small, the adsorption force is insufficient and the separation is incomplete; length accounts for than too big the case, can make the material in first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe be difficult to break away from the pipeline and get into glossy ganoderma spore powder crude recovery jar and impurity recovery jar, has influenced the final collection of material, consequently the length of the coating that first discharging pipe and second discharging pipe were established accounts for than must control in certain within range, just can guarantee the effective separation of impurity and spore powder to and the collection of material.
Furthermore, the length of the second discharge pipe is larger than that of the first discharge pipe, so that the spore powder is prevented from being polluted by the return of the separated impurities under the action of airflow convolution. The mesh number of the filter screen is 2000-2500 meshes.
Further, the specific impurity removal process of the impurity removal device is as follows:
s1, turning on a switch of the blower and the air purifier, controlling the gas flow velocity to be stable at 10-20m/S, and adding the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into the raw material tank;
s2, opening a switch of the raw material tank to enable the purified air flow to be mixed with the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to form stable gas-solid fluid, and enabling the stable gas-solid fluid to enter the feeding pipe of the Y-shaped pipeline;
s3, adsorbing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the negative ion coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline in the feeding pipe, feeding the adsorbed ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the negative ion coating into a first discharging pipe, and collecting the ganoderma lucidum spore powder crude product in a recovery tank; impurities and the cation coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline are adsorbed and enter the second discharge pipe, and then are collected in the impurity recovery tank, so that the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder are removed, and the rest gas is discharged through the exhaust port.
Furthermore, the raw materials of the negative ion coating comprise 4-5 parts of silica sol, 8-12 parts of deionized water, 3-5 parts of negative ion powder, 1-2 parts of talcum powder and 3-4 parts of mica powder.
Furthermore, the raw materials of the cationic coating comprise 10-12 parts of epoxy resin, 8-14 parts of amine curing agent, 4-6 parts of polyaniline, 5-7 parts of cationic polyacrylamide, 2-3 parts of talcum powder and 4-5 parts of mica powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the impurity removing device is designed to remove impurities, and then the shriveled shell is removed, so that the shriveled shell and impurity removing rate can be improved, and the purity of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is integrally improved;
(2) when the shell is removed, the surface of the crude ganoderma spore powder is frozen and frozen to prepare a spore powder frozen object at the temperature of 0 ℃, and then the spore powder frozen object is put into water at the temperature of 0 ℃ for layering, so that the effective components in the ganoderma spore powder can be temporarily blocked, the influence of external solution on the effective components of spores through pores of spore walls is avoided, and the permeation of external water into the spore powder can be reduced; in addition, the shriveled shell sinking phenomenon caused by the infiltration of external water into the shriveled shell spore wall is also reduced, so that the removal rate of the shriveled shell is improved;
(3) because the main component of the spore wall of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is chitin which is a compound with positive charges, and most impurities are dust particles with negative charges, the impurity removing device is provided with a Y-shaped pipeline, so that the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and a negative ion coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline are adsorbed and collected in a ganoderma lucidum spore powder crude product recovery tank; adsorbing impurities with the cation coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline and collecting the impurities in an impurity recovery tank, thereby completing the impurity removal of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
(4) according to the Y-shaped pipeline designed by the invention, firstly, the negative ion coating and the positive ion coating are respectively arranged on the two sides of the inner surface of the feeding pipe, so that spore powder and impurities in raw materials are separated from the feeding pipe and respectively enter the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe; the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe are respectively provided with an anion coating and a cation coating with certain length proportion, so that separated materials smoothly enter the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe and are adsorbed again, the advancing power of the materials is increased, and the materials are further separated;
(5) the negative ion coating and the positive ion coating both contain smooth media (talcum powder and mica powder), so that materials can smoothly pass through the coatings, and all coatings adopt inorganic components and cannot generate pollution;
(6) the negative ion coating adopts negative ion powder, so that the whole coating is negative, and spore powder is adsorbed;
(7) the cationic coating disclosed by the invention contains cationic polyacrylamide, can adsorb negative charge dust particles, and also contains polyaniline, so that the coating is high in conductivity and beneficial to dust removal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an impurity removing device in a process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a blower; 2. an air purifier; 3. a raw material tank; a Y-shaped pipeline; 41. a feed pipe; 42. a first discharge pipe; 43. a second discharge pipe; 5. a ganoderma lucidum spore powder crude product recovery tank; 6. an impurity recovery tank; 7. and (7) an exhaust port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities: weighing raw materials of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and obtaining a crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder through an impurity removal device;
(2) removing the shrivelled shell:
A. humidifying the crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder for 3min by pure water under the air flow of 5m/s at normal temperature, then reducing the temperature to-3 ℃, freezing the spore powder for 1h under the air flow of the same condition, taking out the frozen spore powder and storing the frozen spore powder in an ice water mixture at 0 ℃ for later use;
B. placing deionized water in a closed container at 0 ℃ for 30min, filtering the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A from an ice-water mixture, placing the filtered spore powder frozen matter in the closed container at 0 ℃, stirring the materials in the closed container for 3min, standing for 30min, enabling the shrunken frozen matter to slightly float on the water surface, and enabling the plump spore powder frozen matter to be located in the center and the bottom of the water layer;
C. removing upper layer shriveled shell according to the layering condition at the temperature of-1 ℃, taking full spore powder frozen suspension into a filtering centrifuge, centrifugally throwing off water, drying for 20min, heating to 40 ℃, centrifugally throwing off water again, and drying to obtain full ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
The step (1) also comprises the step of sieving the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and then putting the sieved ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into an impurity removal device for removing impurities, wherein the sieve is a 100-mesh metal sieve. Therefore, large-particle impurities in the raw materials can be preliminarily removed, and influence on subsequent impurity removal is avoided.
The mass ratio of the deionized water in the step B to the frozen substance obtained in the step A is 10: 1, the diameter of ice blocks in the ice-water mixture of the step A is more than or equal to 0.1 mm.
As shown in the attached drawing 1, the impurity removing device comprises an air blower 1, an air purifier 2, a raw material tank 3 and a Y-shaped pipeline 4, the Y-shaped pipeline 4 is horizontally placed and comprises a feeding pipe 41, a first discharging pipe 42 and a second discharging pipe 43, the first discharging pipe 42 is connected with a ganoderma spore powder crude product recovery tank 5, the second discharging pipe 43 is connected with an impurity recovery tank 6, the air blower 1 is connected with the air purifier 2, the air purifier 2 is connected with a horizontal port of a positive three-way pipe, the feeding pipe 41 of the Y-shaped pipeline 4 is connected with another horizontal port of the positive three-way pipe, the vertical port of the positive three-way pipe is upward and connected with the raw material tank 3, the tops of the ganoderma spore powder crude product recovery tank 5 and the impurity recovery tank 6 are both provided with an exhaust port 7, and the exhaust port 7 is provided with a filter screen.
The feed pipe 41 is coated with a negative ion coating on the inner surface of the side thereof adjacent to the first discharge pipe 42, and the feed pipe 41 is coated with a positive ion coating on the inner surface of the side thereof adjacent to the second discharge pipe 42.
The inlet of the first discharge pipe 42 is coated with 1/4 length-specific negative ion coating, and the inlet of the second discharge pipe 43 is coated with 1/3 length-specific positive ion coating.
The length of the second discharge pipe is larger than that of the first discharge pipe, and the mesh number of the filter screen is 2000 meshes.
The specific impurity removal process of the impurity removal device comprises the following steps:
s1, turning on switches of the blower 1 and the air purifier 2, controlling the gas flow velocity to be stable at 10m/S, and adding the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into the raw material tank 3;
s2, opening a switch of the raw material tank 3 to enable the purified air flow to be mixed with the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to form stable gas-solid fluid, and the stable gas-solid fluid enters the feeding pipe 41 of the Y-shaped pipeline 4;
s3, adsorbing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the negative ion coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline 4 in the feeding pipe 41, feeding the adsorbed ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the negative ion coating into the first discharging pipe 42, and collecting the adsorbed ganoderma lucidum spore powder in the crude product recovery tank 5; impurities and the cation coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline 4 are adsorbed and enter the second discharge pipe 43, and then are collected in the impurity recovery tank 6, so that the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder are removed, and the rest gas is discharged through the exhaust port 7.
The raw materials of the negative ion coating comprise 4 parts of silica sol, 8 parts of deionized water, 3 parts of negative ion powder, 1 part of talcum powder and 3 parts of mica powder.
The raw materials of the cationic coating comprise 10 parts of epoxy resin, 8 parts of amine curing agent, 4 parts of polyaniline, 5 parts of cationic polyacrylamide, 2 parts of talcum powder and 4 parts of mica powder.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities: weighing raw materials of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and obtaining a crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder through an impurity removal device;
(2) removing the shrivelled shell:
A. humidifying the crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder for 4min by pure water under the air flow of 7m/s at normal temperature, then cooling to-4 ℃, freezing the spore powder for 1.5h under the air flow of the same condition, taking out the frozen spore powder and storing in an ice water mixture at 0 ℃ for later use;
B. placing deionized water in a closed container at 0 ℃ for 40min, filtering the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A from an ice-water mixture, placing the filtered spore powder frozen matter in the closed container at 0 ℃, stirring the materials in the closed container for 4min, standing for 35min, enabling the shrunken frozen matter to slightly float on the water surface, and enabling the plump spore powder frozen matter to be located in the center and the bottom of the water layer;
C. removing upper layer shriveled shell according to the layering condition at-0.5 ℃, taking full spore powder frozen suspension into a filtering centrifuge, centrifugally throwing off water, drying for 25min, heating to 45 ℃, centrifugally throwing off water again, and drying to obtain full ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
The step (1) also comprises the step of screening the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and then putting the screened ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into an impurity removal device for removing impurities, wherein the screen is a 150-mesh fiber screen.
The mass ratio of the deionized water in the step B to the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A is 12: 1.
the inlet of the first discharge pipe 42 is coated with 3/10 length-specific negative ion coating, and the inlet of the second discharge pipe 43 is coated with 5/12 length-specific positive ion coating.
The mesh number of the filter screen is 2250 mesh.
In the specific impurity removal process step S1 of the impurity removal device, the gas flow rate is stabilized at 15 m/S.
The raw materials of the negative ion coating comprise 4.5 parts of silica sol, 10 parts of deionized water, 4 parts of negative ion powder, 1.5 parts of talcum powder and 3.5 parts of mica powder.
The raw materials of the cationic coating comprise 11 parts of epoxy resin, 11 parts of amine curing agent, 5 parts of polyaniline, 6 parts of cationic polyacrylamide, 2.5 parts of talcum powder and 4.5 parts of mica powder.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities: weighing raw materials of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and obtaining a crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder through an impurity removal device;
(2) removing the shrivelled shell:
A. humidifying the crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder for 5min by pure water under the airflow of 10m/s at normal temperature, then reducing the temperature to-5 ℃, freezing the spore powder for 2h under the airflow of the same condition, taking out the frozen spore powder and storing the frozen spore powder in an ice water mixture at 0 ℃ for later use;
B. placing deionized water in a closed container at 0 ℃ for 50min, filtering the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A from an ice-water mixture, placing the filtered spore powder frozen matter in the closed container at 0 ℃, stirring the materials in the closed container for 5min, and standing for 40min, wherein the shrivelled frozen matter is slightly floated on the water surface, and the plump spore powder frozen matter is positioned at the center and the bottom of the water layer;
C. removing upper layer shriveled shell according to the layering condition at 0 ℃, taking full spore powder frozen suspension into a filtering centrifuge, centrifugally throwing off water, drying for 30min, heating to 50 ℃, centrifugally throwing off water again, and drying to obtain full ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
The step (1) also comprises the step of screening the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and then putting the screened ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into an impurity removal device for removing impurities, wherein the screen is a 200-mesh plastic screen.
The mass ratio of the deionized water in the step B to the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A is 15: 1.
the inlet of the first discharge pipe 42 is coated with 1/3-length-specific negative ion coating, and the inlet of the second discharge pipe 43 is coated with 1/2-length-specific positive ion coating.
The mesh number of the filter screen is 2500 meshes.
In the specific impurity removal process step S1 of the impurity removal device, the gas flow rate is stabilized at 20 m/S.
The raw materials of the negative ion coating comprise 5 parts of silica sol, 12 parts of deionized water, 5 parts of negative ion powder, 2 parts of talcum powder and 4 parts of mica powder.
The raw materials of the cationic coating comprise 12 parts of epoxy resin, 14 parts of amine curing agent, 6 parts of polyaniline, 7 parts of cationic polyacrylamide, 3 parts of talcum powder and 5 parts of mica powder.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the step (1) of removing the impurities only comprises the following steps: sieving the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to obtain a ganoderma lucidum spore powder crude product. Does not include passing through a trash removal device.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the step (1) of removing the impurities only comprises the following steps: weighing the raw material of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and obtaining a crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder through an impurity removal device.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the specific method for removing the shriveled shell in the step (2) is as follows: adding distilled water into the crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, stirring for 10min, standing for 30min, enabling the flat shell spores to float on the water surface, enabling the full spore powder to be located at the center and the bottom of the water layer, removing the upper flat shell according to the layering condition, taking the full spore powder frozen suspension into a filtering centrifuge, centrifuging to remove water, and drying for 20min to obtain the full ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, air flow is not introduced into the step A for removing the shriveled shell in the step (2), and the step A comprises the following steps: humidifying the crude product of Ganoderma spore powder with pure water at room temperature for 3min, cooling to-3 deg.C, freezing for 1 hr, taking out the frozen product of Ganoderma spore powder, and storing in ice water mixture at 0 deg.C for use.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shrivelled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the air flow speed introduced in the step A for removing the shrivelled shell in the step (2) is 4 m/s.
Comparative example 6
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shrivelled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the air flow speed introduced in the step A for removing the shrivelled shell in the step (2) is 11 m/s.
Comparative example 7
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the deionized water in the step B of removing the shriveled shell in the step (2) is replaced by a 5% salt solution.
Comparative example 8
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the deionized water in the step B of removing the shriveled shell in the step (2) is replaced by a 5% sucrose aqueous solution.
Comparative example 9
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the process for removing the shriveled shell and the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the step C for removing the shriveled shell in the step (2) is as follows: removing the upper layer of shriveled shell according to the layering condition at the temperature of-1 ℃, taking the plump spore powder frozen suspension, heating to 40 ℃, then placing in a filtering centrifuge, centrifugally throwing off water, and drying for 20min to obtain the plump ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Comparative example 10
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the gas flow rate is stabilized at 8m/S in the specific impurity removal process step S1 of the impurity removal apparatus.
Comparative example 11
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the gas flow rate was stabilized at 22m/S in the specific impurity removal process step S1 of the impurity removal device.
Comparative example 12
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the negative ion powder is 2 parts by weight in the raw material of the negative ion coating.
Comparative example 13
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the negative ion powder is 6 parts by weight in the raw material of the negative ion coating.
Comparative example 14
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the raw materials of the negative ion coating layer do not include talc and mica powder.
Comparative example 15
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the cationic polyacrylamide is present in an amount of 3 parts by weight based on the starting material of the cationic coating.
Comparative example 16
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the cationic polyacrylamide is present in an amount of 7 parts by weight based on the starting material of the cationic coating.
Comparative example 17
This comparative example is different from example 2 in that the raw material of the negative ion coating layer does not include polyaniline.
Firstly, measuring the mixing condition of impurities and shriveled shells of ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the purity
Ganoderma spore powder obtained by the processes provided in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-17 was collected and tested as follows:
1. shrivelled shell mixing condition of ganoderma lucidum spore powder
50mg of ganoderma lucidum spore powder is placed on a glass slide to be made into a water loading piece, and the mixing condition of the shriveled shell is observed under a microscope, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
2. Ash content determination of ganoderma lucidum spore powder
The detection of ash can laterally reflect the impurity content of the feedstock. The ash content in the ganoderma spore powder (required to be less than or equal to 3.2g/100 g) is determined according to the industry standard GH/T1335-2021 of ganoderma spore powder, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
3. Purity determination of ganoderma lucidum spore powder
The purity of the product was determined by standard control method using Ganoderma spore powder as sample, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
The results in table 1 show that, by comparing examples 1 to 3 with comparative examples 1 to 8 and 10 to 17, the process provided by the invention can effectively improve the removal rate of impurities and shrivelled shells in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, and improve the purity of the spore powder as a whole.
Comparative example 1 does not adopt the impurity removing device of the present invention, the ash content is at most 3.53 (exceeding the index value of 3.2), the purity is greatly reduced, which shows that the impurity removing device of the present invention can obviously improve the impurity removing rate in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material.
Comparative examples 10 to 11 change the gas flow rate in the impurity removing process of the impurity removing apparatus, and as a result, the ash content was significantly increased and the purity was decreased, indicating that the gas flow rate had to be controlled within the range specified in the present invention to effectively exert the impurity removing effect.
Comparative examples 12 to 17 changed the preparation raw materials of the negative ion coating and the cationic coating, respectively, and as a result, the ash content was also significantly increased and the purity was decreased, which indicates that the effect of removing impurities was effectively exerted only by coating the negative ion coating and the cationic coating prepared by the present invention on the feed pipe of the impurity removing apparatus.
The specific steps of the deflating are changed in the comparative examples 3-8, the deflating mixing conditions with different degrees are generated, and the purity is also reduced, which shows that according to the deflating process, the surface of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder crude product is frozen and frozen to prepare the spore powder frozen product with the temperature of 0 ℃, and then the spore powder frozen product is put into water with the temperature of 0 ℃ for layering, so that the deflating in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material can be effectively removed.
In comparative examples 7 and 8, the deionized water in the step B is replaced by a 5% salt aqueous solution and a sucrose aqueous solution respectively, so that the ice layer on the surface of the frozen spore powder is melted in the aqueous solution, and the shriveled shell sinking phenomenon is caused by the infiltration of the external solution into the shriveled shell spore wall, so that the removal rate of the shriveled shell is reduced.
Secondly, measuring the content of the effective components of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder
According to the GH/T1335-2021 method, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained by the process for rapidly removing the shell and impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder provided by the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 3-4 and 7-9 is selected as a sample, and the content of crude polysaccharide (calculated as glucose) and total triterpene (calculated as ursolic acid) in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is determined, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
as can be seen from Table 2, the specific steps of deflating were changed in the comparative examples 3-4 and 7-9, respectively, and the content of crude polysaccharide and total triterpene in the obtained Ganoderma spore powder was reduced, thus demonstrating that the process of the present invention can reduce the damage to the effective components of the spore powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which is characterized in that an impurity removing device is designed to remove the impurities and then the shriveled shell is removed, so that the shriveled shell and impurity removal rate can be improved, the purity of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is integrally improved, and the damage to the effective components of the spore powder is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof can be replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for quickly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities: weighing raw materials of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and obtaining a crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder through an impurity removal device;
(2) removing the shrivelled shell:
A. humidifying the crude product of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder for 3-5min by pure water under the air flow of 5-10m/s at normal temperature, then reducing the temperature to- (3-5) DEG C, freezing the spore powder for 1-2h under the air flow of the same condition, taking out the frozen product of the spore powder and storing the frozen product in an ice water mixture at 0 ℃ for later use;
B. placing deionized water in a closed container at 0 ℃ for 30-50min, filtering the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A from an ice-water mixture, placing the filtered spore powder frozen matter in the closed container at 0 ℃, stirring the materials in the closed container for 3-5min, standing for 30-40min, wherein the shrivelled frozen matter slightly floats on the water surface, and the plump spore powder frozen matter is positioned at the center and the bottom of the water layer;
C. removing upper layer of shriveled shell according to the layering condition at (-1) -0 deg.C, taking plump spore powder frozen suspension into a filtering centrifuge, centrifuging to remove water, drying for 20-30min, heating to 40-50 deg.C, centrifuging again to remove water, and drying to obtain plump Ganoderma spore powder.
2. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the step (1) also comprises the step of sieving the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and then putting the sieved ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into an impurity removal device for removing impurities, wherein the sieve is a metal sieve, a fiber sieve or a plastic sieve with 100-plus-200 meshes.
3. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the deionized water in the step B to the spore powder frozen matter obtained in the step A is (10-15): 1, the diameter of the ice blocks in the ice-water mixture in the step A is more than or equal to 0.1 mm.
4. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the edulcoration device includes air-blower, air purifier, head tank, Y style of calligraphy pipeline level is placed, and it includes inlet pipe, first discharging pipe and second discharging pipe, first discharging pipe is connected with glossy ganoderma spore powder crude product recovery tank, the second discharging pipe is connected with the impurity recovery tank, air-blower connection air purifier, air purifier is connected with a horizontal port of tee bend pipe, the inlet pipe of Y style of calligraphy pipeline is connected to another horizontal port of tee bend pipe, the vertical port of tee bend pipe is upwards and connect the head tank, the top of glossy ganoderma spore powder crude product recovery tank and impurity recovery tank all is equipped with the gas vent, the gas vent is equipped with the filter screen.
5. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 4, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the inner surface of one side of the feeding pipe, which is close to the first discharging pipe, is coated with a negative ion coating, and the inner surface of one side of the feeding pipe, which is close to the second discharging pipe, is coated with a positive ion coating.
6. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 4, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the inlet of the first discharge pipe is coated with an 1/4-1/3 length ratio negative ion coating, and the inlet of the second discharge pipe is coated with a 1/3-1/2 length ratio positive ion coating.
7. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 4, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the length of the second discharge pipe is larger than that of the first discharge pipe, and the mesh number of the filter screen is 2000-2500 meshes.
8. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the specific impurity removal process of the impurity removal device comprises the following steps:
s1, turning on a switch of the blower and the air purifier, controlling the gas flow velocity to be stable at 10-20m/S, and adding the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material into the raw material tank;
s2, opening a switch of the raw material tank to enable the purified air flow to be mixed with the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to form stable gas-solid fluid, and enabling the stable gas-solid fluid to enter the feeding pipe of the Y-shaped pipeline;
s3, adsorbing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the negative ion coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline in the feeding pipe, feeding the adsorbed ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the negative ion coating into a first discharging pipe, and collecting the ganoderma lucidum spore powder crude product in a recovery tank; impurities and the cation coating on the inner surface of the Y-shaped pipeline are adsorbed and enter the second discharge pipe, and then are collected in the impurity recovery tank, so that the impurities of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder are removed, and the rest gas is discharged through the exhaust port.
9. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the raw materials of the negative ion coating comprise 4-5 parts of silica sol, 8-12 parts of deionized water, 3-5 parts of negative ion powder, 1-2 parts of talcum powder and 3-4 parts of mica powder.
10. The process for rapidly removing shriveled shell and impurities of ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the raw materials of the cationic coating comprise 10-12 parts of epoxy resin, 8-14 parts of amine curing agent, 4-6 parts of polyaniline, 5-7 parts of cationic polyacrylamide, 2-3 parts of talcum powder and 4-5 parts of mica powder.
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| CN108853151A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-11-23 | 山东药乡生物工程有限公司 | A kind of broken wall of the Reishi sporule containing spore oil goes wall method |
| CN211707371U (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-10-20 | 青岛格乐伯食品有限公司 | Frozen vegetable impurity sorting machine |
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| CN103468628B (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-05-27 | 中山大学 | Ganoderma lucidum spore purification method |
| CN104013652B (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2017-05-03 | 金华寿仙谷药业有限公司 | Purification process, comprehensive utilization method and application of ganoderma lucidum spores powder |
| CN104138794B (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2017-07-18 | 安徽黄山云乐灵芝有限公司 | A kind of water separation impurity removal process during particulate class material production |
| CN106387882A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽黄山云乐灵芝有限公司 | Preparation technology of high-purity freeze-dried ganoderma spore powder |
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