CN113198114A - Magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment - Google Patents
Magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113198114A CN113198114A CN202110495012.6A CN202110495012A CN113198114A CN 113198114 A CN113198114 A CN 113198114A CN 202110495012 A CN202110495012 A CN 202110495012A CN 113198114 A CN113198114 A CN 113198114A
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- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
- A61N5/1045—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head using a multi-leaf collimator, e.g. for intensity modulated radiation therapy or IMRT
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Abstract
The application relates to a magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment, including: a radiotherapy machine and a magnetic confinement device; the radiotherapy machine is provided with a linear accelerator and/or a cyclotron for accelerating electrons and a multi-stage electron beam collimator, and the magnetic restraint device is positioned on a beam passage between the radiotherapy machine and the treatment couch. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problem of high-energy electron beam side scattering is improved by combining a radiotherapy machine and a magnetic restraint device; meanwhile, the traditional high-energy electron lead blocking and light limiting tube is abandoned, the distance between the body surface of the patient and the radiotherapy equipment is enlarged, the modulation freedom of the electron beam radiotherapy plan is improved, the radiotherapy plan quality is improved, and the normal tissue is better protected.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment.
Background
The high-energy electron radiotherapy is widely applied in the 70 th 20 th century and is mainly used for treating superficial tumors such as breast cancer, skin cancer, scar hyperplasia and the like in clinic. The radiation therapy dosimetry characteristics of the high-energy electron beam determine that the electron beam is suitable for treating superficial tumors: the electron beam has short and definite range, the dose is uniformly distributed at a certain depth, and then the dose drops rapidly, thereby being beneficial to protecting the normal tissue behind the target area in the beam direction.
The electron quality is light, and the electron is easy to generate side scattering when being transported in the air, thereby increasing the stray radiation in the field of treatment radiation and being not beneficial to protecting the side normal tissues. In order to reduce the side scattering in the air, the existing high-energy electron radiotherapy equipment needs to use electron light limiting cylinders with different sizes, and meanwhile, the light blocking lead prepared by low-melting-point lead alloy is placed in a bracket at the tail end of the light limiting cylinder closest to a patient, so that the purpose of conforming the radiation field of the electron beam to the target area of the tumor is realized.
However, the electron beam radiotherapy technology based on the lead-blocking and electron-limiting tube still has great limitations. Firstly, each patient needs to prepare an individual lead block before receiving treatment, so that the time, labor and material cost is increased; secondly, the prepared lead block is shaped and cannot collimate different beam shapes in the treatment process, so that the modulation capability of an electron beam radiotherapy plan is limited; thirdly, the distance between the bottom of the electronic light limiting cylinder and the body surface of the patient is only about 5cm, the collision risk between the frame and the patient can be increased by changing the angle of the frame, the focusing irradiation of multiple frame angles is difficult to realize, and the modulation capability of the electron beam radiotherapy plan is further limited. Therefore, how to design a better scheme and solve the problem of serious side scattering of the electron beam and fully dig the modulation capability of the electron beam radiotherapy plan is an urgent problem to be solved in the electron beam radiotherapy.
By providing helium gas piping in the direction of the electron beam, electron side scatter is reduced at the university of moeo, sweden, but this design is too costly to be suitable for clinical use.
The side scattering of high-energy electron lines can be effectively reduced by longitudinal magnetic field (magnetic field parallel to beam) confinement. As shown in fig. 1a, when high-energy electrons are transported in vacuum in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field, the electrons are subjected to lorentz force, and the motion trajectory of the electrons takes a spiral motion and is constrained around the direction of the magnetic field (i.e., the direction of the beam). Fig. 1b shows the motion of high-energy electrons in a medium in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field, and considering the "soft collision", "hard collision" and bremsstrahlung between the high-energy electrons and the medium atoms, the motion trajectory can be approximated to a spiral motion with a reduced gyration radius, so as to constrain the motion trajectory of the electrons and effectively reduce the side scattering.
At present, the research on the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment is less, and the equipment still belongs to a concept simulation stage. The research team of the medical college of Maryland university of America reduces the side scattering of electrons in the air by combining the electron light limiting tube and the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, but the diameter of the restricted electron wire is only 2.5cm, the traditional electron light limiting tube is not abandoned, and the collision risk cannot be reduced.
Although the laboratory system of the university of woodentribute, australia can increase the size of the confined electron field, the permanent magnet devices themselves are too bulky to leave enough room for the patient to be treated and can only be used for scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment is designed for solving the problems of small magnetic confinement electron aperture, high collision risk, limited treatment space and planning modulation capacity and the like, thereby providing the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy apparatus comprising:
a radiotherapy machine and a magnetic confinement device;
the radiotherapy machine is provided with a linear accelerator and/or a cyclotron for accelerating electrons and a multi-stage electron beam collimator, and the magnetic restraint device is positioned on a beam passage between the radiotherapy machine and the treatment couch.
Preferably, the magnetic confinement device of the radiotherapy equipment for high-energy electron beams of the invention comprises a cascade confinement coil, a shielding coil and an adaptive plugboard, wherein the central axis of the magnetic confinement device is coincident with the central axis of the beam passage, and the magnetic confinement device can be plugged into an accessory base of a handpiece of the radiotherapy machine through the adaptive plugboard.
Preferably, the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment comprises a primary collimator, a secondary collimator and/or a double-layer multi-leaf collimator.
Preferably, according to the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment, the radiotherapy machine can generate high-energy electron beams with various gear energies, and the magnetic confinement device can adaptively adjust the current intensity in the shielding coil and the cascade confinement coil according to the energy of the high-energy electron beams.
Preferably, the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment comprises a cascade confinement coil and a magnetic confinement coil, wherein the cascade confinement coil comprises a plurality of groups of coils, and can generate a longitudinal magnetic field in the direction of an electron beam by supplying forward current; the shielding coil is electrified with current in the direction opposite to that of the current of the cascade connection restraining coil, and a main restraining magnetic field generated by the cascade connection restraining coil can be shielded.
Preferably, the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment comprises an upper multi-leaf collimator and a lower multi-leaf collimator, and the upper multi-leaf collimator and the lower multi-leaf collimator can independently rotate by 0-180 degrees around the central axis of the beam.
Preferably, in the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment, the adaptive plugboard comprises a limiting clamping groove and a groove, and the limiting clamping groove is used for determining whether the magnetic confinement device is accurately connected with the head of the radiotherapy machine; the groove is used for being matched with an accessory base of the accelerator head.
Preferably, in the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment, a supporting upright post for connection and supporting is connected between the shielding coil and the cascade confinement coil.
Preferably, the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment of the invention is provided with an opening in the center of the cascade confinement coil.
Preferably, in the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment, the shielding coil and the cascade confinement coil are made of enameled wire copper wires, and the adaptive plugboard and the support column are made of aluminum alloy without containing magnetic elements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the radiotherapy machine and the magnetic confinement device are combined, so that the problem of electron side scattering is solved; meanwhile, the traditional high-energy electron blocking lead and the light limiting tube are abandoned, the distance between the body surface of the patient and the radiotherapy equipment is enlarged, and the modulation freedom degree of the electron beam radiotherapy plan is improved and the radiotherapy plan quality is improved by combining the electron beam multi-stage collimator.
Drawings
The technical solution of the present application is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the confinement effect of a longitudinal magnetic field on electron transport;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an upper adapter plate of the magnetic confinement device;
in fig. 4, (a) a magnetic flux density profile is generated for a magnetic confinement device including only cascaded confinement coils, and (b) a magnetic flux density profile is generated for a magnetic confinement device including cascaded confinement coils and shielding coils;
FIG. 5 shows (a) a schematic view of the open field collimation system position, (b) a 4MeV electron beam open field scattering diagram at the isocenter plane without using the magnetic confinement device, and (c) a 4MeV electron beam open field scattering diagram at the isocenter plane using the magnetic confinement device;
in fig. 6, (a) is a schematic position diagram of the modulated field collimation system, (b) is a 6MeV electron beam modulated field scattering diagram of the isocenter plane without the magnetic confinement device, and (c) is a 6MeV electron beam modulated field scattering diagram of the isocenter plane with the magnetic confinement device.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
10 adapting plug board
11 coil
12 coil
13 support column
20 accelerator
21 primary collimator
22 two-stage collimator
23 double-layer multi-leaf collimator
24 accessory base
31 frame
32 radiotherapy machine head
40 treatment bed
50 isocentric plane
51 isocenter
101 limiting clamping groove
102 groove.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Examples
The embodiment provides a magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy device, as shown in fig. 2, which mainly comprises a radiotherapy machine and a longitudinal magnetic confinement device, and is characterized in that the radiotherapy machine is provided with a linear accelerator and/or a cyclotron for accelerating electrons and a multi-stage electron beam collimator, and the longitudinal magnetic confinement device is positioned in a beam passage between the radiotherapy machine and a treatment couch.
The radiotherapy machine can generate high-energy electron beams with various gear energies, the magnetic restraint device can adjust the current intensity in the coil in a self-adaptive mode according to the energy of the high-energy electron beams, and the optimal magnetic restraint effect corresponding to the energy of the electron beams is generated, so that the situation that a therapist enters a machine room to switch the corresponding magnetic restraint device when the energy of the electron beams is switched in the treatment process is avoided, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
The radiotherapy machine comprises an electron linear or cyclotron 20 and an electron beam multi-stage collimator, wherein the electron beam multi-stage collimator comprises a primary collimator 21, a secondary collimator 22 and a double-layer multi-leaf collimator 23. The double-layer multi-leaf collimator comprises an upper multi-leaf collimating system and a lower multi-leaf collimating system, and can independently rotate 0-180 degrees around the central axis of a beam.
The electron line magnetic confinement device includes adaptation picture peg 10, shielding coil 11, cascade restriction coil 12 and support post 13, shielding coil 11 and cascade restriction coil 12's material are the enameled wire copper line, the material of adaptation picture peg 10 and support post 13 is the aluminum alloy (does not contain magnetic element). In the schematic diagram, the number of the shielding coils 11 is 1, the number of the cascade restraint coils is 2, the central axis of the magnetic restraint device coincides with the central axis of the high-energy electron beam, the magnetic restraint device can be inserted into the accessory base 24 at the lower end of the head 32 of the radiotherapy machine through the adapting board 10, and the magnetic restraint device is placed between the head 32 and the treatment couch 40.
The magnetic restraint device can be inserted into the accessory base 24 at the lower end of the head 32 of the radiotherapy machine through the upper end adapting inserting plate 10 and fixed. The adapter board comprises a limiting slot 101 and a groove 102, as shown in fig. 3. The limiting clamping groove 101 is used for determining whether the magnetic restraint device is accurately connected with the head of the radiotherapy machine, if the magnetic restraint device is accurately aligned, the accessory interlocking device of the accelerator displays a green light, and if not, the red light is turned on; the recess 102 is designed to fit the attachment base 24 of the accelerator head. The design can realize the adaptation of the magnetic restraint device and the radiotherapy machine, and simultaneously ensure the mechanical precision of the equipment.
The magnetic confinement device comprises a shielding coil 11 (close to the radiotherapy electron linear accelerator handpiece 32), and as shown in fig. 4, reverse current is conducted in the coil 11, so that a main confinement magnetic field generated by the cascade confinement coil 12 can be shielded, and the influence of a longitudinal fringe magnetic field on an electron current transport system and a collimation system in the handpiece 32 is reduced.
The magnetic restriction device also comprises cascade restriction coils 12 (close to a patient treatment bed), two or more support columns 13 are arranged between different cascade restriction coils, forward current is conducted in the coils 12, a longitudinal magnetic field can be generated in the direction of an electron beam, so that the side scattering of the electron beam in the air is restricted, and the irradiation of normal tissues around a tumor target area is reduced.
The axial apertures of the adaptive plugboard 10 and the coils 11 and 12 of the magnetic restriction device are large enough, the maximum electron field size restricted at the isocentric plane 50 is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and the tumor indication of high-energy electron beam radiotherapy is greatly expanded.
The lower edge of the magnetic restraint device is away from the isocenter plane 50 to leave the maximum safe distance, so that the risk of collision between the handpiece 32 and a patient can be reduced, the frame 31 can emit beams at different rotation angles, and multi-angle focusing irradiation at the isocenter 51 is realized.
The magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment does not need to use any electron beam light limiting cylinder and lead blocking, can modulate the shape of the magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam through the double-layer multi-leaf collimator, realizes multi-frame angle focusing high-energy electron conformal or intensity modulated radiotherapy, improves the modulation capability of a high-energy electron radiotherapy plan, ensures the tumor control rate, better protects normal tissues and reduces the radiotherapy side reaction of a patient.
The magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment of the embodiment is combined with a radiotherapy machine and a magnetic confinement device, and utilizes a longitudinal magnetic field to confine the lateral scattering of electron beams in the air, so as to design clinically feasible magnetic confinement high-energy electron radiotherapy equipment.
Because the scattering of the high-energy electron beam in the air is reduced, the shape of the high-energy electron beam can be modulated by using a collimation system in the radiotherapy machine, the use of the traditional electron block lead is abandoned, and the labor, material and time costs of electron beam radiotherapy are reduced;
the collimation system, especially the double-layer multi-leaf collimator, can collimate the electron line shape in real time during the treatment process, thereby improving the modulation capability of the electron radiotherapy plan. Compared with a single-layer multi-leaf collimator, the field modulated by the double-layer multi-leaf collimator is more conformal to the target area of the tumor, meanwhile, ray leakage and projection can be reduced, stray radiation of a patient is reduced, and the risk of secondary carcinogenesis is reduced.
Abandon the use of traditional electron limit optical cylinder, increase the safe distance of radiotherapy aircraft nose to patient's body surface, reduce frame rotation process and patient's collision risk, can realize that multi-angle focus shines, when improving the tumour and shines the dose, protects normal tissue better.
The shielding design of the magnetic confinement device can reduce the influence of a longitudinal fringe magnetic field on a collimation system and a beam transport system of a radiotherapy machine, and the adaptive plugboard design can ensure the mechanical precision of the magnetic confinement device and the radiotherapy machine after combination; the magnetic restraint device can restrain the maximum electron field size to be 30cm multiplied by 30cm, so that the tumor indication of high-energy electron beam radiotherapy is greatly expanded; the current intensity in the coil can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to the energy of the high-energy electron beam, the magnetic restraint device is prevented from being switched in the treatment process, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
Example 1
In order to successfully couple the radiotherapy machine and the magnetic constraint device, the fringe magnetic field of the magnetic constraint device in the handpiece of the radiotherapy machine needs to be shielded, and in order to verify the shielding effect of the magnetic constraint device on the handpiece of the radiotherapy machine, the finite element analysis method is used for simulating and calculating the magnetic flux density intensity distribution of two conditions: first, a magnetic confinement device including only the cascade confinement coil 12 is shown in fig. 4 (a); ② a magnetic confinement device comprising both the cascade confinement coil 12 and the shield coil 11, the result is shown in FIG. 4 (b). As can be seen from the comparative analysis, although both coils can generate the longitudinal magnetic field parallel to the direction of the high-energy electron beam, the magnetic restriction device without the shielding coil 11 still has a larger marginal longitudinal magnetic field at the head alignment system, and the magnetic restriction device with the shielding coil 11 has a smaller marginal longitudinal magnetic field strength (< 0.01T) at the head alignment system.
Example 2
In order to verify the constraint effect of the invention on the open-field (unmodulated) high-energy electron beam, the scattering condition of the 4MeV high-energy electron beam with the field size of 20cm multiplied by 20cm is simulated and calculated by using a Monte Carlo method. FIG. 5(a) is a schematic position diagram of a 20cm × 20cm open field collimation system and a magnetic confinement device; FIGS. 5(b) and 5(c) are scatter profiles of open field high energy electron lines through the handpiece 32 to the isocenter plane 50, with black dots indicating the location of the high energy electrons at the isocenter plane 50 and dashed boxes indicating field boundaries of 20cm size. Wherein 5(b) is a scattering distribution diagram of the 4MeV high-energy electron beam at the isocenter plane when the magnetic confinement device is not used, and 5(c) is a scattering distribution diagram of the 4MeV high-energy electron beam at the isocenter plane when the magnetic confinement device is used. The comparison and analysis show that the number of the side scattering electrons in the field of back-projection by using the magnetic confinement device is obviously reduced, so that the magnetic confinement device designed by the invention can effectively confine the side scattering of the open-field high-energy electron line in the air.
Example 3
In order to verify the constraint effect of the invention on modulating the high-energy electron beam, the scattering condition of the 6MeV high-energy electron beam modulated by the double-layer multi-leaf collimator 23 is simulated and calculated by using a Monte Carlo method. Compared to example 2, the coil current strength in the magnetic confinement device was increased by 10%. FIG. 6(a) is a schematic position diagram of the collimation system and the magnetic confinement device corresponding to the modulation radiation field; FIGS. 6(b) and 6(c) are scatter profiles of open field high energy electron lines through the handpiece 32 to the isocenter plane 50, with black dots indicating the location of the high energy electrons at the isocenter level and dashed lines indicating the modulation field boundaries. Wherein 6(b) is a scattering distribution diagram of the 6MeV high-energy electron beam at the isocenter plane when the magnetic confinement device is not used, and 6(c) is a scattering distribution diagram of the 6MeV high-energy electron beam at the isocenter plane when the magnetic confinement device is used. The comparison and analysis show that the number of the side scattering electrons in the field of back-projection is obviously reduced by using the magnetic confinement device, so that the magnetic confinement device designed by the invention can effectively confine the side scattering of the high-energy electron line in the modulation field in the air.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy device, comprising:
a radiotherapy machine and a magnetic confinement device;
the radiotherapy machine is provided with a linear accelerator and/or a cyclotron for accelerating electrons and a multi-stage electron beam collimator, and the magnetic restraint device is positioned in a beam passage between the radiotherapy machine and a treatment bed (40).
2. The magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic confinement device comprises a cascade confinement coil (12), a shielding coil (11) and an adaptive plugboard (10), the central axis of the magnetic confinement device is coincident with the central axis of the beam path, and the magnetic confinement device can be plugged on an accessory base (24) of a head (32) of the radiotherapy machine through the adaptive plugboard (10).
3. A magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the electron beam multi-stage collimator comprises a primary collimator (21), a secondary collimator (22) and/or a double-layer multi-leaf collimator (23).
4. The magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment according to claim 3, wherein the radiotherapy machine can generate high-energy electron beams with various gear energies, and the magnetic confinement device can adaptively adjust the current intensity in the shielding coil (11) and the cascade confinement coil (12) according to the energy of the high-energy electron beams.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the cascade confinement coil (12) comprises a plurality of coils, and a longitudinal magnetic field can be generated in the direction of the electron beam by applying a forward current; the shielding coil (11) is electrified with current with the direction opposite to that of the current of the cascade connection restraining coil (12), and can shield a main restraining magnetic field generated by the cascade connection restraining coil (12).
6. A magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the double-layer multi-leaf collimator (23) comprises an upper and a lower multi-leaf collimator system, capable of rotating independently from 0 to 180 degrees around the central axis of the beam.
7. A magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the adapting plugboard (10) comprises a limit clamping groove (101) and a groove (102), and the limit clamping groove (101) is used for determining whether the magnetic confinement device is accurately jointed with the head of the radiotherapy machine; the recess (102) is adapted to fit an attachment base (24) of an accelerator head.
8. A magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that a supporting column (13) for connecting and supporting the shielding coil (11) and the cascade confinement coil (12) is connected therebetween.
9. A magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the adapting board (10), the shielding coil (11) and the cascade confinement coil (12) are provided with an opening in the center.
10. The magnetic confinement high-energy electron beam radiotherapy equipment according to claim 8, wherein the shielding coil (11) and the cascade confinement coil (12) are enameled copper wires, and the adaptive plugboard (10) and the support column (13) are made of aluminum alloy without magnetic elements.
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