CN113197615B

CN113197615B - Craniotomy device and method for brain surgery

Info

Publication number: CN113197615B
Application number: CN202110482056.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈涛; 杨理坤; 朱洁; 杭春华; 王玉海
Original assignee: Wuxi Taihu Hospital
Current assignee: Wuxi Taihu Hospital
Priority date: 2021-04-30
Filing date: 2021-04-30
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-30
Also published as: CN113197615A

Abstract

The invention provides a craniotomy device and a craniotomy method for brain surgery, which comprise the following steps: the position adjusting sleeve seat is provided with an adjusting hoop in threaded fit with the position adjusting sleeve seat, a scale is arranged between the adjusting hoop and the position adjusting sleeve seat, a sliding sleeve in clearance fit is arranged outside the adjusting hoop, the lower part of the sliding sleeve is provided with a centering limit sleeve in rotating connection, a drill rod is arranged in the centering limit sleeve, the lower end of the drill rod is sequentially provided with a universal leveling connector and a sleeve drill, and a suction seat is arranged in the sleeve drill. According to the invention, the contact surface of the drilling annular strip-shaped annular teeth with the skull is small, the bonding property with the surface of the skull is good, the annular teeth are ensured to be completely and uniformly contacted with the surface of the skull, the vibration force is extremely small during drilling, the skull hole can be smoothly drilled through, the drill jamming phenomenon can not occur, and the drilling process is simple and smooth; meanwhile, the centering limit sleeve drill cannot invade the meninges, the difficulty of drilling on the skull is extremely low, and the drilling process is simpler and easier to operate.

Description

Craniotomy device and method for brain surgery

Technical Field

The invention relates to a craniotomy device and a craniotomy method for brain surgery.

Background

The brain is the most fragile organ of the human body, the skull wraps around the outside of the brain to form a hard protective barrier, hundreds of millions of neurons are arranged inside the brain, and communication among the neurons depends on long axons to transmit information. When an intracranial craniotomy is performed, the cut scalp is rolled to one side to expose the skull, after the position of the skull is determined, three holes are drilled on the skull, the three holes are distributed in a triangular shape, and then the three holes are cut off gradually through a scalpel respectively to cut off a triangular bone flap on the skull, so that the skull is opened. The arcs formed by the three holes form good transition to the corners of the triangle at the three corners of the triangular bone flap, so that the stress is conveniently eliminated.

In the existing skull incision operation, the drilling of the skull is an indispensable operation for forming bone flaps, but when the skull is rotated, the existing drill usually adopts a convex cone shape at the drill tip for good drilling centering property, the conical drill tip is easy to center during drilling, but the tip of the convex cone tip firstly invades into the skull to invade meninges when the hole is about to be exposed, and particularly, the arachnoid or deeper pia mater is easy to damage, so that a large wound is caused; however, the flat-head drill point is adopted, so that the defect of a conical point is avoided, but when the flat-head drill point is used for drilling, not only is the initial centering of the drilling difficult, but also the situation that the drilling is blocked easily when the hole on the skull is about to be drilled and leaked occurs, mainly the blocking phenomenon is caused by poor parallelism of the plane of the drill point and the plane at the bottom of the skull hole, the medical personnel in the operation need to take great care when the skull drilling block penetrates through, the difficulty coefficient in the drilling process of the skull opening operation with extremely high difficulty is greatly increased, and the whole drilling process is difficult; meanwhile, when the skull is punched to be penetrated, large vibration force can be generated, the brain collides with the intracranial wall in the vibration process of the head, and the high-frequency vibration enables the brain to extrude the inner wall of the skull to generate shock waves to tear or pull axons of certain neurons to easily cause damage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a craniotome for brain surgery and a method thereof, aiming at reducing the difficulty of drilling on a skull in the craniotome, ensuring uniform drilled holes, reducing the vibration force in the drilling process and ensuring that the drilling process is simpler and smoother.

To achieve the object of the present invention, a first aspect of the present invention provides a craniotomy device for brain surgery comprising:

the positioning sleeve seat is provided with an adjusting hoop in threaded fit with the positioning sleeve seat, and a scale is arranged between the positioning sleeve seat and the adjusting hoop;

the sliding sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the adjusting hoop in a sliding mode relative to the adjusting hoop;

the centering limit sleeve is arranged at the lower part of the sliding sleeve and can be driven by the adjusting hoop to move synchronously;

a drill rod secured within the centralizing stop collar via a bearing, being centralized by the centralizing stop collar and depth-limited by the centralizing stop collar while drilling;

the universal leveling connector is arranged at one end of the drill rod, which is opposite to the driven end;

the trephine is fixed to the universal leveling adaptor, rotates in a mode that an axial swing angle is changed by the universal leveling adaptor, and is provided with a centering sliding column and annular teeth for drilling; and

the suction seat is inserted at the lower end of the centering sliding column, and the suction seat is adsorbed at a skull hole position when in use to center the trephine.

Preferably, the adjusting hoop is in locking connection with the position adjusting sleeve seat through a locking nail, and the adjusting hoop adjusts the axial length of the righting limiting sleeve relative to the position adjusting sleeve seat on the position adjusting sleeve seat according to the reading of the scale.

Preferably, the sliding sleeve is in locking connection with the adjusting hoop through a locking nail, and the sliding sleeve adjusts the reference of the lower plane of the centering limit sleeve and the trephine before drilling.

Preferably, the craniotomy device further comprises a drill body, the shell of the drill body is arranged on the position adjusting sleeve seat, the motor shaft of the drill body is connected with the driven end of the drill rod, and the position adjusting sleeve seat is coaxial with the drill rod.

Preferably, the universal leveling knuckle comprises:

the upper half arc seat and the lower half arc seat are in threaded connection;

the ball head is arranged between the upper half arc seat and the lower half arc seat;

the arc groove channel is arranged outside the ball head; and

the ball is arranged in the arc channel, and the ball head is limited between the ball head and the upper half arc seat and the lower half arc seat, so that the ball head can rotate along the arc channel in the upper half arc seat and the lower half arc seat to change the angle.

Preferably, the universal leveling adaptor is fixedly connected with the drill rod through the upper half arc seat and is fixedly connected with the trephine through the lower half arc seat.

Preferably, the trephine is a cylindrical sleeve-shaped barrel drill bit and is provided with a uniform array of the ring-shaped teeth.

Preferably, the outer surface of the adjusting collar (2) is formed with a somewhat convex shape.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a craniotomy method for brain surgery, which is performed by using the craniotomy device for brain surgery, and comprises the following steps:

absorbing the suction seat at the central point of the surface of the drill hole in a negative pressure manner;

inserting the centering slide column of the trepanning drill into the central hole of the suction seat;

aligning the adjusting hoop and the scale of the position adjusting sleeve seat to zero under the condition that the lower end of the trephine and the lower end of the centralizing limiting sleeve are both placed on the surface of a drilled hole;

locking the sliding sleeve and the adjusting hoop;

according to the thickness of the skull at the drilling position, the correcting and limiting sleeve is lifted through the adjusting hoop, so that the corresponding ruler numerical value is equal to or larger than the thickness numerical value of the skull by a preset distance;

after the adjusting hoop and the position adjusting sleeve seat are locked, the drill rod is used for driving the sleeve drill to rotate for drilling; and

and after the hole is drilled through, limiting is carried out through the righting limiting sleeve.

Preferably, the predetermined distance is 0 to 0.3 mm.

According to the craniotome for the brain surgery and the craniotome for the brain surgery, the suction seat is used for conducting negative pressure adsorption on a skull hole position, the centering sliding column is inserted into the suction seat for centering, the trepanning drill drives the annular strip-shaped teeth to conduct hole digging, the contact surface of the annular strip-shaped teeth and skull is small, the trepanning drill can be tightly attached to the surface of the skull through the universal leveling joint, the uniform contact of all the annular teeth and the skull surface is guaranteed, the vibration force is extremely small during drilling, the trepanning drill can still be uniformly contacted with a removed drill surface when the hole is drilled through quickly, the skull hole can be drilled through smoothly, the uniformity of the drill surface of the hole wall is good, the phenomenon of drill sticking cannot occur, and the drilling process is extremely simple, smooth and easy to operate; meanwhile, the centralizing and limiting sleeve can limit the trephine after the hole is drilled, so that the trephine is prevented from invading into a meninges, and the difficulty of drilling on the skull is extremely low. In addition, the trephine can pick up the small round bone piece through the suction seat after being taken out, so that the round hole is formed, the small round bone piece can return to the small round hole through the bone nail after operation, the reduction of wound is guaranteed, and the rapid recovery of the postoperative skull of a patient is facilitated.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, schematic view of FIG. 1 in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a universal leveling adapter in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-positioning the sleeve seat; 2-adjusting the hoop; 3-a scale; 4-a sliding sleeve; 5-righting the stop collar; 6-a drill rod; 7-a bearing; 8-universal leveling catcher; 801-upper half arc seat; 802-lower half arc mount; 803-bulb; 804-arc channel; 805-a ball; 9-trepanning; 901-centering slide; 902-ring teeth; 10-a suction seat; 11-drill body.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the craniotome device for brain surgery disclosed by the invention comprises: the positioning sleeve seat 1 is cylindrical or columniform, the outside of the positioning sleeve seat 1 is provided with an adjusting hoop 2, and the adjusting hoop 2 is sleeved outside the positioning sleeve seat 1; the position adjusting sleeve seat 1 and the adjusting hoop 2 can adopt fine threads to be in threaded fit, the surface of the outer circular ring of the adjusting hoop 2 is in a protruding point shape, an operator can manually pinch and rotate the position adjusting sleeve seat conveniently, and the adjusting hoop 2 and the position adjusting sleeve seat 1 can be locked through a locking nail. A scale 3 is arranged between the adjusting hoop 2 and the position adjusting sleeve seat 1, the scale 3 is formed by machining on the outer cylindrical surface of the position adjusting sleeve seat 1, and the distance of the adjusting hoop 2 moving on the position adjusting sleeve seat 1 can be read by reference through the scale 3.

Wherein, adjusting hoop 2 can drive in step and right 5 removals of stop collar, adjusts hoop 2 and is used for adjusting according to scale 3 on positioning sleeve seat 1 and right 5 axial length that stop collar stretches out for positioning sleeve seat 1, makes through the screw after the regulation and adjusts hoop 2 and positioning sleeve seat 1 and lock. The sliding sleeve 4 is arranged on the outer side of the adjusting hoop 2, the sliding sleeve 4 and the adjusting hoop 2 can slide and can be screwed in and locked through a screw on the side face, and the sliding sleeve 4 can drive the lower plane of the centering limiting sleeve 5 and the trephine 9 to be adjusted on the basis of the drilling front. The lower part of the sliding sleeve 4 is rotationally connected with the righting limit sleeve 5 through a deep groove ball bearing, the inner ring and the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing are connected with the sliding sleeve 4 and the righting limit sleeve 5 in an interference fit mode respectively, and the sliding sleeve 4 can drive the righting limit sleeve 5 to move up and down along the axis direction of the sliding sleeve.

As shown in fig. 2, a drill rod 6 is arranged in the centering limit sleeve 5, a bearing 7 is arranged between the drill rod 6 and the centering limit sleeve 5, the drill rod 6 is in clearance fit with an inner ring of the bearing 7 and is in sliding connection with the inner ring of the bearing 7, an outer ring of the bearing 7 is in interference clamping fit with the centering limit sleeve 5, and the centering limit sleeve 5 is used for centering the drill rod 6 and limiting the depth of a drilled hole.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the lower end of the drill rod 6 is provided with a universal leveling connector 8 and a trephine 9 in sequence, the universal leveling connector 8 comprises an upper half arc seat 801, a lower half arc seat 802 and a ball head 803, the drill rod leveling device comprises an arc groove 804 and a ball 805, a ball head 803 is arranged in an upper half arc seat 801 and a lower half arc seat 802 which are in threaded connection and is in clearance fit with the upper half arc seat and the lower half arc seat 802, an arc groove 804 leading to the ball head 803 is arranged outside the ball 803, the ball 805 is in clearance fit with the arc groove 804 and limits the position between the ball head 803 and the upper half arc seat 801 and the lower half arc seat 802, the ball head 803 can rotate along the arc groove 804 in the upper half arc seat 801 and the lower half arc seat 802 to change the angle, a drill rod 6 changes the axial swing angle of a trephine 9 through a universal leveling connector 8 and drives the trephine 9 to rotate, the universal leveling connector 8 is fixedly connected with the drill rod 6 through the upper half arc seat 801, and the universal leveling connector 8 is fixedly connected with the trephine 9 through the lower half arc seat 802. The drill rod 6 drives the trephine 9 to axially drill and rotate through the universal leveling connector 8, the drill rod 6 drives the upper half arc seat 801 and the lower half arc seat 802 to synchronously rotate, the upper half arc seat 801 and the lower half arc seat 802 drive the ball head 803 to rotate through the ball 805, and the ball head 803 can synchronously drive the trephine 9 to rotate. The axis of the trephine 9 can change the angle along the arc channel 804 through the matching of the ball head 803 of the universal leveling connector 8 and the upper half arc seat 801 and the lower half arc seat 802, so that the rotation of the trephine 9 can be ensured, and the axis angle can be adjusted. The center of the trephine 9 is provided with a centering sliding column 901, the centering sliding column 901 and the trephine 9 are integrally manufactured, the trephine 9 is a cylindrical sleeve-shaped cylindrical drill bit, the lower tail end of the trephine 9 is provided with uniformly arranged annular teeth 902, and the annular teeth 902 are cutting teeth arranged in an annular shape. A suction seat 10 is arranged in the trephine 9, the lower tail end of the suction seat 10 is in the shape of a suction disc, the upper end of the suction seat 10 is in the shape of a ring seat made of hard plastics, an inner hole of the suction seat 10 is in sliding fit with the centering sliding column 901, and the suction seat 10 is used for centering the trephine 9. The upper ends of the position adjusting sleeve seat 1 and the drill rod 6 are provided with drill bodies 11, the drill bodies 11 are driven by a manually controlled motor, a motor shaft of the drill bodies 11 is connected with the drill rod 6 in a shaft connection mode, the position adjusting sleeve seat 1 is connected with a shell of the drill bodies 11 in a bolted connection mode, and the position adjusting sleeve seat 1 and the drill rod 6 are arranged coaxially after the drill bodies 11 are connected respectively.

Example one

Referring to fig. 4, one end of the suction cup at the lower portion of the suction cup 10 is pressed against the cranium face and the center of the suction cup 10 is ensured to be concentrically aligned with the center of the hole to be drilled. The adjusting hoop 2 is adjusted to the zero scale position of the scale 3 by rotating on the adjusting sleeve seat 1, then the centering sliding column 901 of the trephine 9 is inserted into the suction seat 10 and the annular tooth 902 is placed on the skull surface, meanwhile, the lower end of the centralizing and limiting sleeve 5 is placed on the skull surface, and the sliding sleeve 4 and the adjusting hoop 2 are screwed and locked through the screw on the side surface.

Example two

Referring to the attached figure 5, on the basis of the steps of the first embodiment, referring to the thickness of the skull at the operation position, the adjusting hoop 2 is used for adjusting the centralizing stop collar 5 upwards, so that the value of the adjusting hoop 2 on the scale 3 is equal to the thickness value of the skull at the operation position or is 0 to 0.3mm larger than the thickness value of the skull at the operation position, and the adjusting hoop 2 and the positioning sleeve seat 1 are locked by screws on the side surface after adjustment.

EXAMPLE III

During drilling, a switch of the drill body 11 is manually pressed to start the trephine 9 to rotate, the trephine 9 drills holes through the annular teeth 902, the cuts of the annular teeth 902 are annular and thin, the wound is small, round bone flaps of round holes can be reserved, the contact surface of the annular strip-shaped annular teeth 902 and skull bone is small, the trephine 9 can be tightly attached to the surface of the skull bone through the universal leveling connector 8, the annular teeth 902 are enabled to be in uniform contact with the skull bone, the vibration force during drilling is extremely small, the trephine 9 can still be in uniform contact with the removed drilling surface when the holes are drilled completely, skull holes can be drilled smoothly, the uniformity of the drilling surface of the drilled holes is extremely good, the phenomenon of drill clamping cannot occur, and the drilling process is extremely simple, smooth and easy to operate. Inhale seat 10 negative pressure and adsorb the central point on drilling surface, drilling rod 6 drives the cover and bores 9 rotation and bore, inhales seat 10 and centering traveller 901's cooperation and is convenient for the centering of cover brill 9, simultaneously, rights stop collar 5 and can be bored the 9 back to the cover and carry out spacingly in the hole brill leads to, guarantees that cover brill 9 can not invade the meninges, and the degree of difficulty of drilling on the skull is extremely low. According to the invention, the suction seat 10 is used for carrying out negative pressure adsorption on the position of a skull hole, the small round bone piece can be picked up and retained through the suction seat 10 after the trephine 9 is taken out, and can return to the small round hole through the bone nail after operation, so that the reduction of wound is ensured, and the rapid recovery of the skull after operation of a patient is facilitated.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A craniotomy device for brain surgery comprising:

the device comprises a position adjusting sleeve seat (1), wherein the position adjusting sleeve seat (1) is provided with an adjusting hoop (2) in threaded fit with the position adjusting sleeve seat (1), and a scale (3) is arranged between the position adjusting sleeve seat (1) and the adjusting hoop (2);

the sliding sleeve (4), the sliding sleeve (4) is arranged on the outer side of the adjusting hoop (2) in a manner of sliding relative to the adjusting hoop (2);

the righting limiting sleeve (5) is arranged at the lower part of the sliding sleeve (4), and can be driven by the adjusting hoop (2) to move synchronously;

a drill rod (6), the drill rod (6) being fixed in the centering sleeve (5) via a bearing (7), being centered by the centering sleeve (5) and being depth limited by the centering sleeve (5) when drilling;

the universal leveling connector (8), the universal leveling connector (8) is arranged at one end of the drill rod (6) opposite to the driven end;

the trephine (9) is fixed to the universal leveling adaptor (8) and rotates in a mode that an axial swing angle is changed by the universal leveling adaptor (8), the trephine (9) is of a hollow structure, a centering sliding column (901) extending downwards is formed inside the trephine (9), and annular teeth (902) used for drilling holes are formed at the lower end of the trephine (9); and

a suction seat (10), wherein a guide hole is formed on the suction seat (10), the centering sliding column (901) is inserted into the guide hole, the suction seat is adsorbed at the position of a skull hole when in use to center the trephine (9),

the adjusting hoop (2) is in locking connection with the position adjusting sleeve seat (1) through a locking nail, the adjusting hoop (2) adjusts the axial length of the righting limit sleeve (5) relative to the position adjusting sleeve seat (1) on the position adjusting sleeve seat (1) according to the reading of the scale (3),

the sliding sleeve (4) is connected with the adjusting hoop (2) in a locking way through a locking nail, before drilling, the sliding sleeve (4) adjusts the reference of the lower plane of the centering limit sleeve (5) and the trephine (9),

the universal leveling adaptor (8) comprises:

an upper half arc seat (801) and a lower half arc seat (802) which are connected by screw threads;

a ball head (803), the ball head (803) being disposed between the upper half arc seat (801) and the lower half arc seat (802);

an arc channel (804), the arc channel (804) being disposed outside the ball head (803); and

the ball (805) is arranged in the arc channel (804), the ball head (803) and the upper half arc seat (801) and the lower half arc seat (802) are limited, so that the ball head (803) can rotate along the arc channel (804) in the upper half arc seat (801) and the lower half arc seat (802) to change the angle,

the universal leveling connector (8) is fixedly connected with the drill rod (6) through the upper half arc seat (801) and is fixedly connected with the trephine (9) through the lower half arc seat (802).

2. The craniotomy device for brain surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that the craniotomy device further comprises a drill body (11), the housing of the drill body (11) is arranged on the positioning sleeve seat (1), and the motor shaft of the drill body (11) is connected with the driven end of the drill rod (6),

the positioning sleeve seat (1) is coaxial with the drill rod (6).

3. The craniotomy device of brain surgery of claim 1,

the trephine (9) is a cylindrical sleeve-shaped cylindrical drill bit, and the trephine (9) is provided with the annular teeth (902) which are uniformly arranged.

4. The craniotomy device of brain surgery according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the outer surface of the adjusting hoop (2) is provided with a point-shaped bulge.