CN113193889A - Ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay - Google Patents
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay. An ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay comprises the following steps: according to the pointing direction of the wave beams, phase differences and time differences of all channels under different transmitting wave beam pointing directions are calculated on the basis of a digital multi-beam synthesis algorithm; compensating the phase difference through a magnitude-phase weighting network framework; compensating the time difference through a parallel fractional delay filter framework; combining digital signals of different transmitting wave beam pointing directions of each channel, and outputting parallel digital signals of each channel; the parallel digital signals are converted and transmitted through a high-speed frequency-mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion array framework, and multi-beam synthesis is realized in the required specified direction. The invention realizes high-power equivalent radiation of broadband signals of multiple frequency bands in multiple directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a broadband digital multi-beam transmitting method, in particular to an ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay.
Background
Communication countermeasure is the key of current military countermeasure, and with the development of communication technology, more and more anti-interference measures such as spread spectrum communication, adaptive null antenna, adaptive filtering and increase of signal transmission power have been applied. Under normal conditions, the anti-interference capability of the P (Y) receiver is about 43dB, and when a plurality of anti-interference technologies are adopted, the anti-interference capability can be improved to about 100 dB. Anti-jamming techniques in some circumstances force the transmit power of the transmitter to be increased to megawatts or even higher, especially for radar signals.
The beam forming technology is applied to electronic countermeasure as an important anti-interference technical means. The early beam synthesis technology is usually applied to a radio frequency end, and the weighting processing of array elements is completed through a phase shifter or radio frequency devices such as a time delay, an amplifier and a numerical control attenuator. With the development of digital signal processing technology and the improvement of chip processing capability, the ultra-wideband digital beam synthesis technology can be realized in engineering.
Ultra-wideband digital beam synthesis currently employs two systems: one is based on digital channelized transmission techniques and the other is based on fractional delay filtering techniques. The broadband digital multi-beam transmission technology based on digital channelization has the following advantages: firstly, the design is flexible, and the amplitude-phase weighting network is easy to implement; secondly, the sub-channel division is dynamically configurable; thirdly, the multi-beam function is simple to realize, and the requirement of narrow-band multi-beam electric scanning is met; and fourthly, the requirements on resources such as FPGA and the like are not high. But the disadvantages are also more obvious: firstly, the signal bandwidth can not exceed the sub-channel bandwidth, and can not satisfy the ultra-wideband modulation signal with high code rate, and secondly, the realization of digital channelization is more complex. In comparison, the realization of the ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission technology based on fractional time delay is limited by hardware resources such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), has higher requirements on DSP (digital signal processor) resources in the FPGA, has relatively slow electric scanning speed, and has relatively higher requirements on in-band full-time delay consistency of a radio frequency channel; but the signal bandwidth is only limited by the sampling rate of the DAC, the ultra-wideband modulation signal with high code rate is satisfied, the signal modulation bandwidth is as high as 500MHz, the beam function is simple to realize, the wideband multi-beam electric scanning is satisfied, and the whole realization process is simpler. In conclusion, the ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission technology based on fractional time delay has irreplaceable advantages, can meet the requirement of future high-code-rate ultra-wideband modulation signals, and can be really realized along with the realization of a high-capacity FPGA. Therefore, research and development of an implementation method of an ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission technology based on fractional time delay are carried out, the technical problem of rapid synthesis of ultra-wideband multi-beams (same frequency or different frequency) is solved, and the method has great significance to the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay, which realizes high-power equivalent radiation of broadband signals of multiple frequency bands in multiple directions and solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay comprises the following steps:
according to the pointing direction of the wave beams, phase differences and time differences of all channels under different transmitting wave beam pointing directions are calculated on the basis of a digital multi-beam synthesis algorithm;
compensating the phase difference through a magnitude-phase weighting network framework;
compensating the time difference through a parallel fractional delay filter framework;
combining digital signals of different transmitting wave beam pointing directions of each channel, and outputting parallel digital signals of each channel;
the parallel digital signals are converted and transmitted through a high-speed frequency-mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion array framework, and multi-beam synthesis is realized in the required specified direction.
Preferably, the phase difference includes a local oscillator phase difference, and the time difference includes a channel time delay difference and an in-array time delay difference.
Preferably, the expression function of the delay difference in the array is as follows:
in the formula, τqIs the delay difference in the array, i.e. the delay of the q-th array element relative to the first (q is 0), d is the distance between the antenna elements, θ1Is the angle between the beam pointing direction and the normal, and c is the speed of light.
Preferably, the amplitude-phase weighting network framework compensates the local oscillator phase difference and the amplitude difference between the channel signals in a digital weighting mode.
Preferably, the parallel fractional delay filter architecture compensates for channel delay differences and in-array delay differences in a polyphase decomposition manner.
Preferably, the polyphase decomposition is to decompose the multiple sequences to be processed into a plurality of subsequences with a matching number according to a cross data allocation principle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention compensates the phase difference and the time difference of each channel under different transmitting beam pointing directions through the amplitude-phase weighting network framework and the parallel fractional time delay filter framework, finally realizes the ultra wide band multi-beam rapid synthesis in the required designated direction by combining the parallel signal digital generation technology, and realizes the high-power equivalent radiation of the broadband signals of a plurality of frequency bands in a plurality of directions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a digital multi-beam synthesis schematic diagram of a linear antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnitude-phase weighting network architecture according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a delay diagram of the fractional delay filter group after 29 th order coefficients are quantized in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-phase decomposition process of a fractional delay filter in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a two-parallel fractional delay filter architecture in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed mixing interpolation DAC array architecture according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a high-speed mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion array architecture reverse interpolation mixing mode implementation process according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is an output amplitude envelope characteristic diagram of the high-speed mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion array architecture in multiple modes according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified. The components or devices in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art, the structure and principle of which are known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through routine experimentation.
Example 1:
a method for ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission based on fractional time delay as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method comprising the following steps:
according to the pointing direction of the wave beams, phase differences and time differences of all channels under different transmitting wave beam pointing directions are calculated on the basis of a digital multi-beam synthesis algorithm;
compensating the phase difference through a magnitude-phase weighting network framework;
compensating the time difference through a parallel fractional delay filter framework;
combining digital signals of different transmitting wave beam pointing directions of each channel, and outputting parallel digital signals of each channel;
the parallel digital signals are converted and transmitted through a high-speed frequency-mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion array framework, and multi-beam synthesis is realized in the required specified direction.
By the technical scheme, the problem of rapid synthesis of ultra wide band multi-beam (same frequency or different frequency) is solved, and high-power equivalent radiation of broadband signals of multiple frequency bands in multiple directions is realized in an airspace.
Example 2:
an ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay comprises the following steps:
according to the direction 1 of the beam, calculating local oscillator phase differences, channel delay differences and in-array delay differences of each channel under different transmitting beam direction directions through a DSP (digital signal processor), a CPU (central processing unit) or a GPU (graphic processing unit) based on a digital multi-beam synthesis algorithm;
sending the local oscillator phase difference and the amplitude difference between the channel signals to an amplitude-phase weighting network framework through a DSP (digital signal processor), a CPU (central processing unit) or a GPU (graphic processing unit), and compensating in a digital weighting mode;
converting the channel delay difference and the in-array delay difference into a coefficient of a filter through a DSP (digital signal processor), a CPU (central processing unit) or a GPU (graphics processing unit), sending the coefficient to a parallel fractional delay filter framework, and compensating the channel delay difference and the in-array delay difference in a multiphase decomposition mode; the multiphase decomposition mode is to decompose a plurality of sequences to be processed into a plurality of subsequences with matched number according to a cross data distribution principle;
calculating the direction of the wave beam pointing to 2-m, repeating the steps, and sending the calculated result to the amplitude-phase weighting network 2-m and the parallel fractional delay filter 2-m;
combining digital signals of different transmitting wave beam pointing directions of each channel, and outputting parallel digital signals of each channel;
the parallel digital signals are sent to a high-speed frequency mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) array framework through an SERDES interface, and are converted and transmitted, and multi-beam synthesis is realized in the required specified direction.
When the beam designation direction and the modulation signal are switched, the above steps need to be repeated.
In the above steps, the expression function of the delay difference in the array is:
in the formula, τqIs the delay difference in the array, i.e. the delay of the q-th array element relative to the first (q is 0), d is the distance between the antenna elements, θ1Is the angle between the beam pointing direction and the normal, and c is the speed of light.
As shown in fig. 3, taking an example of a linear antenna array with Q elements from Q0, 1, … …, Q-1 along the X direction, the array elements in the array are uniformly distributed with a distance d. If the output signal is a sine wave, then the q-th array element output is:
x(q,t)＝A*COS[2*π*f1(t-τq-tq)-Φ]＝A*COS[2*π*f1*t-2*π*f1*(τq+tq)-Φ]formula (1)
In the formula A and f1Is the amplitude and frequency, t, of the output signalqIs the channel delay difference between the qth channel and the first channel (q ═ 0), which is a fixed value; the phi is a local oscillator phase difference between a q channel and a first channel (q is 0), and is also a fixed value; tau isqIs the phase delay time of the q-th array element relative to the first array element (q is 0), i.e. the spatial phase difference, because the distance between the antenna elements is d, the expression function of this delay time is:
in the formula [ theta ]1Is the angle between the beam pointing direction and the normal shown in fig. 3, the practical application range is-pi/2 to pi/2, and c is the speed of light. In practice, d is fixed, and q is also fixed relative to each array element. The multi-beam only needs to superpose the digital signals in the formula (1) of the single beam without beam forming.
The schematic diagram of the amplitude-phase weighting network architecture is shown in fig. 4, and is used for compensating local oscillator phase difference or sampling clock phase deviation among multiple DACs and amplitude deviation among multiple radio frequency signals. The amplitude-phase weighting network adopts a digital orthogonal system and 16-bit quantization, the precision is far higher than 1 degree required by general design, and the phase shift range is 0-360 degrees. The amplitude control of I way and Q way adopts 16 bits quantization, and the range of amplitude control can accomplish 0 ~ 96dB, satisfies the range of amplitude control: index requirements of 0dB to 10 dB; within the range of 0-10dB amplitude control, 1/20738 can be achieved in amplitude control, namely the minimum control precision can be achieved: 4.19X10-4dB, the requirement that the amplitude control precision is less than or equal to 0.5dB is met.
The parallel fractional delay filter framework is the key for realizing ultra wide band digital multi-beam synthesis, and the parallel fractional delay filter is used for compensating the phase difference in the array and the channel delay difference. The delay precision of the parallel fractional delay filter is the most important index for judging whether the filter can meet the design requirement.
The delay accuracy of a parallel fractional delay filter depends on two conditions:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the filter operating clock, which is the main condition for delay accuracy, the group delay characteristic of the filter of order 29 is shown in fig. 5, and the delay accuracy: 1/500, the sampling clock, the sampling rate of 400MHz and the time delay precision can be 5ps, and the magnitude can meet the beam forming index requirements of all frequency bands below 3 GHz;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the order of the filter is a secondary condition of the time delay precision, and the time delay precision can be improved to a certain extent by improving the order of the filter;
the parallel fractional delay filter structure adopts a 'divide-and-conquer' processing mode, which divides two sequences x (n) and h (n) to be convolved into a plurality of subsequences with the same number according to the principle of cross data distribution, for example, a biphase decomposition formula is expressed as follows,
in the frequency domain, this can be expressed as:
X(z)＝X0(z2)+z-1X1(z2) Formula (3)
In the same way, there are
H(z)＝H0(z2)+z-1H1(z2) Formula (4)
Wherein, when N is an even number,
if N is an odd number, only the summation superscript of equation (5) needs to be modified, and the two-phase decomposition process is shown in fig. 6.
The frequency domain of the filtering result can be expressed as:
Y(z)
＝X(z)H(z)
＝(X0(z2)+z-1X1(z2))(H0(z2)+z-1H1(z2))
＝X0(z2)H0(z2)+z-1X0(z2)H1(z2)+z-1X1(z2)H0(z2)+z-2X1(z2)H1(z2)
＝(X0(z2)H0(z2)+z-2X1(z2)H1(z2))+z-1(X0(z2)H1(z2)+X1(z2)H1(z2))
formula (6)
If Y (z) also performs two-phase decomposition:
Y(z)＝Yu(z2)+z-1Y1(z2) Formula (7)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Y0(z2)＝X0(z2)H0(z2)+z-2X1(z2)H1(z2)
Y1(z2)＝X0(z2)H1(z2)+X1(z2)H1(z2)
formula (8)
Will z2Once z is changed to z, then the result is,
Y0(z)＝X0(z)H0(z)+z-1X1(z)H1(z)
Y1(z)＝X0(z)H1(z)+X1(z)H1(z)
formula (9)
That is, y(n)The parity sequences of the parallel fractional delay filter respectively correspond to the sum of the two subsequences, the structure of the parallel fractional delay filter is shown in fig. 7, if the throughput rate of 400MHz is to be completed, only one path is needed to realize the throughput rate of 200MHz, and after resource optimization design, resource consumption is 1.5 times of single path resources, but not 2 times of the single path resources.
Taking the 4-way AD9739 array as an example, a high-speed mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) array architecture is shown in FIG. 8. The high-speed frequency mixing interpolation DAC array reduces the requirement of the ultra-wideband digital multi-beam technology based on fractional time delay on hardware design to a certain extent, solves the requirement that hardware, particularly analog devices, keep consistent group delay characteristics in a wideband frequency band, meets the realization of the ultra-wideband digital multi-beam technology based on fractional time delay, and meets the engineering design requirement.
The high-speed mixing interpolation DAC has an inverse interpolation function, and the inverse interpolation process is shown in fig. 9 and fig. 10, and the inverse interpolation can change the amplitude envelope of the output signal, wherein:
MIX MODE is the inverse interpolation MODE: the mirror frequency amplitude of the second inner Nyquist zone and the third inner Nyquist zone is higher than the amplitude of the first inner Nyquist zone, so that the direct generation of digital radio frequency signals is met;
RZ MODE is return to zero MODE: directly outputting frequency components for the first or second inner Nyquist zone;
NORMAL MODE for NORMAL MODE: the output envelope is a sinc envelope and is used for directly outputting the frequency components in the first inner Nyquist zone.
Based on the combination of the above technical features, the ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay is completed, and it is noted that the method is not only suitable for a digital transmitting system, but also suitable for a digital receiving system.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. An ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmitting method based on fractional time delay is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
according to the pointing direction of the wave beams, phase differences and time differences of all channels under different transmitting wave beam pointing directions are calculated on the basis of a digital multi-beam synthesis algorithm;
compensating the phase difference through a magnitude-phase weighting network framework;
compensating the time difference through a parallel fractional delay filter framework;
combining digital signals of different transmitting wave beam pointing directions of each channel, and outputting parallel digital signals of each channel;
the parallel digital signals are converted and transmitted through a high-speed frequency-mixing interpolation digital-to-analog conversion array framework, and multi-beam synthesis is realized in the required specified direction.
2. The ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission method based on fractional time delay according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase difference comprises a local oscillator phase difference, and the time difference comprises channel time delay difference and in-array time delay difference.
3. The ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission method based on fractional time delay according to claim 2, characterized in that: the expression function of the delay difference in the array is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the delay difference within the array, i.e. the delay of the q-th element relative to the first element (q =0), d is the distance between the antenna elements,
is the angle between the beam pointing direction and the normal, and c is the speed of light.
4. The ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission method based on fractional time delay according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the amplitude-phase weighting network framework compensates the local oscillator phase difference and the amplitude difference between the signals of each channel in a digital weighting mode.
5. The ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission method based on fractional time delay according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parallel fractional delay filter framework compensates the channel delay difference and the delay difference in the array in a multiphase decomposition mode.
6. The ultra-wideband digital multi-beam transmission method based on fractional time delay according to claim 5, characterized in that: the multiphase decomposition mode is to decompose a plurality of sequences to be processed into a plurality of subsequences with matched number according to a cross data distribution principle.
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Denomination of invention: A Fractional Delay Based Ultra wideband Digital Multi beam Transmission Method Effective date of registration: 20231117 Granted publication date: 20220819 Pledgee: Agricultural Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. South Lake branch Pledgor: Jiaxing junchuang Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980066116 |