CN113193061B - 基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器 - Google Patents
基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,属于位置探测器的技术领域。其结构包括单晶Si基片和生长在单晶Si基片上的PbSe薄膜层,在PbSe薄膜层上制作第一电极和第二电极,通过导线连接第一电极和第二电极并且串联用于采集信号的电压表或示波器。本发明探测器的探测元件结构和工艺简单、成本低廉,所制备的位置探测器能够实现宽波段快速响应、灵敏度高,可以在无外部电源供电的情况下自驱动使用,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于位置探测器技术领域,涉及光位置灵敏探测器,具体涉及一种基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器。
背景技术
在非均匀光(即点光源)照射在半导体p-n结、异质结或金属-半导体材料表面时,由于光照区域和非光照区域间载流子浓度的不同,产生浓度梯度,在结的同一表面上引出的两个电极可以测得电压值,这一效应称之为侧向光伏效应。随着点光源在两电极之间移动,电压差与点光源的位置呈现线性关系。这一特征使侧向光伏效应广泛应用于位置灵敏探测器。
光位置灵敏探测器具有其自身独特的特点和优势,它是一种基于点光源照射下侧向光伏效应的光电器件,相比于传统光电二极管阵列、电荷耦合元器件和象限探测器,对入射光位置极其敏感;其次,由于其特殊的工作原理,均匀光可以在整个光敏面上随意移动,这使它不但可以克服阵列型器件分辨率受像元尺寸限制的缺点,还可以避免因缺陷或其他因素造成的工作死区;同时,与其他光电位置探测器相比,光位置灵敏探测器具有分辨率高、光谱响应较宽、响应速度快、对光源和光学系统要求比较低、信号处理简单及能够同时检出位置和光强等特点。但是目前基于侧向光伏效应的位置灵敏探测器大多需要在外部供电情况下使用,且探测器探测范围窄,存在灵敏度不高,响应时间较慢等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,以解决现有探测器探测范围窄、灵敏度不高、响应时间较慢以及需要外部电源的问题。
本发明为实现其目的采用的技术方案是:一种基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,包括单晶Si基片以及生长在所述单晶Si基片上的PbSe薄膜层,在所述PbSe薄膜层上设置有呈中心对称分布的第一电极和第二电极,在所述第一电极与第二电极之间连接有导线,所述导线上串联有电压表或示波器。
所述PbSe薄膜层为纳米光响应薄膜层。
所述PbSe薄膜层的厚度为5~100nm。
所述PbSe薄膜层的厚度为5~50nm。
所述第一电极和第二电极采用铟、金或银。
所述第一电极和第二电极的形状均为圆形或正方形,且两电极等大,圆形的直径或正方形的边长均不超过1 mm。易与光响应薄膜形成良好的欧姆接触。
所述的导线为银导线或铜导线,导线的直径为100~250m。导线太粗不易连接到样品表面,增加不必要的成本;导线太细,电阻较大,影响测量精度。
所述PbSe薄膜是采用脉冲激光沉积技术在单晶Si基片上生长外延薄膜,也可采用磁控溅射法制备或化学气相沉积法等技术生长。
本发明的关键是将PbSe薄膜应用于侧向光伏效应,并取得了预料不到的技术效果。目前未见相关报道将其用于侧向光伏效应,也未见实践的先例。本发明将其用于侧向光伏效应,将PbSe厚度控制在5~100nm,极大的提高了响应信号和缩短了响应时间,使得探测器探测更灵敏。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明利用PbSe薄膜材料,使本发明光位置灵敏探测器具有较高信号和超快的响应时间。
2、本发明光位置灵敏探测器位置分辨稳定、线性关系好。
3、PbSe薄膜层厚度的设置至关重要,将PbSe薄膜层厚度降低为10~20 nm时,优选15 nm,相较于50~100 nm厚度的PbSe薄膜层的响应信号提高了3.5倍以上,获得了较高信号,探测更灵敏。
4、本发明的非线性度控制在3%以内,最高位置灵敏度达到117 mV/mm,可测波长范围为350 nm~1150 nm,可以实现从紫外至红外的全光谱探测。响应时间达到43μs。
5、本发明可采用脉冲激光沉积技术将PbSe沉积在n型单晶Si基片上,得到外延生长的PbSe薄膜,并利用侧向光伏效应制备光位置灵敏探测器。该探测器制备工艺简单、成本低廉,且探测灵敏度高、响应时间快,可以在无外部电源供电时使用,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是具体实施例1的实验示意图。
图2是具体实施例2的实验示意图。
图3是本发明的侧向光电压随照射激光波长的变化图。
图4是本发明的侧向光电压随照射激光功率的变化图。
图5是本发明的斩波器频率为10 Hz时的响应时间测试图。
图6是本发明的斩波器频率为2000 Hz时的响应时间测试图。
图7是改变PbSe薄膜厚度时侧向光电压的变化图。
图8是PbSe薄膜厚度为90nm时侧向光电压图。
图中,1、单晶Si基片,2、PbSe薄膜层,3、第一电极,4、第二电极,5、电压表,6、激光,7、示波器,8、斩波器,T、代表响应时间符号。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,下述实施例仅作为说明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1所示,采用激光脉冲沉积方法在单晶Si基片1上生长PbSe薄膜层2,形成异质结结构位置灵敏探测器。单晶Si基片1为n型单晶硅基片,厚度为500mm,表面存在自然氧化的层,PbSe薄膜层的厚度为15 nm。在PbSe薄膜层2上面压制两个直径为1 mm的金属铟形成第一电极3和第二电极4,并用铜导线与电压表5串联,用激光6发出的点光源照在光位置灵敏探测器上,并在第一电极和第二电极之间移动,做侧向光伏效应测试,可得到侧向光电压随激光位置的关系图。变化激光6的功率及更换激光6波长,重复上述操作,得到侧向光电压随激光波长的变化(如图3)以及不同激光功率的变化(如图4)。所得侧向光电压随激光束位置的变化曲线可看出该PbSe结构器件在所测量范围内光位置灵敏探测器拥有较高的响应信号。
通过图3可以看出,调节激光功率为5 mW时,随着激光波长的增加,侧向光电压也随着升高,在1064 nm的波长下,侧向光电压信号最强,可达到52 mV。通过图4可以看出,在1064 nm波长的激光照射下,随着激光功率的增大,侧向光电压信号越来越强,在激光功率为20 mV时侧向光电压信号可达到65 mV。
实施例2
如图2所示,在单晶Si基片1上生长PbSe薄膜层2,形成异质结结构位置灵敏探测器,单晶Si基片1为n型单晶硅基片,厚度为500mm,表面存在自然氧化的氧化层,PbSe薄膜层的厚度为15 nm。在PbSe薄膜层2上面压制两个直径为1 mm的金属铟形成第一电极3和第二电极4,用铜导线与示波器7串联,并在激光6和光位置灵敏探测器之间加斩波器8,调节激光6照射位置并固定,令激光照射,调节斩波器8频率,由示波器7可显示出此光位置灵敏探测器的响应时间(图5和图6),做数据处理及分析,得到此光位置灵敏探测器拥有超快的响应时间。
通过图5和图6可以看出,在同一照射位置,在不同频率下,侧向光电压信号强度相同,但是响应时间不同,频率越大,时间分辨能力越高,所得到的响应时间越真实。
实施例3
采用实施例1所示结构的探测器,所不同的是PbSe薄膜层的厚度分别设置为5nm、15nm、50nm,在激光波长为1064 nm,功率为5 mW条件下,对不同厚度的PbSe薄膜制作的光位置灵敏探测器进行测定,如图7所示,在相同的激光波长和功率照射下,发现PbSe厚度为15nm的光位置灵敏探测器信号最强。
实施例4
采用实施例1所示结构的探测器,在单晶Si基片1上生长PbSe薄膜层2,形成异质结结构位置灵敏探测器,单晶Si基片1为n型单晶硅基片,厚度为500mm,表面存在自然氧化的氧化层,PbSe薄膜层的厚度为90 nm。在PbSe薄膜层2上面压制两个直径为1 mm的金属银形成第一电极3和第二电极4,用银导线与并用铜导线与电压表5串联,用激光6波长为1064 nm的点光源照在光位置灵敏探测器上,并在第一电极和第二电 极之间移动,做侧向光伏效应测试,所得结果如图8所示,在20 mW的激光功率照射下,侧向光电压信号仅为2 mW。
本发明创造性的将PbSe应用到光位置灵敏探测器上,这在现有光位置探测器技术未见到有相关的报道,通过严格控制光响应薄膜层的厚度,极大的改善了响应信号的强弱,实现高响应信号和灵敏性,同时响应时间更快,在无外部供电的情况下工作,实现光位置探测。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于PbSe薄膜的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,其特征在于,包括单晶Si基片以及生长在所述单晶Si基片上的PbSe薄膜层,在所述PbSe薄膜层上设置有呈中心对称分布的第一电极和第二电极,在所述第一电极与第二电极之间连接有导线,所述导线上串联有电压表或示波器;所述PbSe薄膜层为纳米光响应薄膜层;所述PbSe薄膜层的厚度为10~20nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,其特征在于,所述第一电极和第二电极采用铟、金或银。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,其特征在于,所述第一电极和第二电极的形状均为圆形或正方形,圆形的直径或正方形的边长均不超过1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自供电光位置灵敏探测器,其特征在于,所述的导线为银导线或铜导线,导线的直径为100~250μm。
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