CN113190950B - Battery cooling channel design method and battery thermal management system control method - Google Patents
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power battery heat transfer model, which is characterized in that: assuming that the power battery is in a cuboid structure, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the center of the power battery as an origin, the heat conductivity coefficients and the surface convection heat exchange coefficients of the power battery in X, Y, Z directions are different, the power battery has a stable and uniform internal heat source, and the boundary conditions are led into a two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction differential equation to respectively obtain a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery in XOY, YOZ and XOZ directions. The model considers the anisotropy of the heat conductivity coefficient and the convection heat transfer coefficient of the power battery, and improves the prediction accuracy of the model. The invention also discloses a power battery cooling channel design method and a power battery thermal management system control method. The cooling capacity of the cooling channel in the battery is matched with the temperature distribution field, and the control accuracy of the battery thermal management system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a battery cooling channel design method and a battery thermal management system control method.
Background
In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the battery state (SOC and the like) and obtain more accurate BMS control accuracy, thereby improving the use safety and the service life of the battery, the traditional method generally uses an equivalent circuit model to predict the electric signal conditions of output voltage and the like, thereby judging the battery state, and does not consider the closed-loop influence between the heat generation and heat dissipation of the battery and the electric performance output.
Chinese patent CN106785216A discloses a battery temperature control system, which includes the establishment of a battery thermal model, wherein the battery thermal model is based on a temperature field control equation:
in the formula C p And ρ are the average thermal capacity and average density, respectively, K is the battery material heat transfer parameter, Q is the volumetric heat generation rate,
is a derivative of the temperature T and time T, is a vector derivative operator. And the heat of the battery cell in the x direction is input and obtained by combining the formulas (4), (5) and (3)
Substituting the conduction rate equations in three directions, in the x-direction and in the y-and z-directions, according to the fourier heat conduction law, with the initial condition T (x, y, z,0) being T (T), based on the boundary conditions 0 Further, a temperature field model can be obtained. According to the heat production rate formula (1), under the initial condition T (x, y, z,0) being T 0 In the following formula, x, y and z are coordinate systems of the thermal model of the battery, T is time, and in an initial state, T is 0 and T is 0 Is the initial temperature, the ambient temperature T ∞ The constant is 20 ℃, and the change data of the battery temperature field along with time is calculated based on a finite element analysis method and is marked as the predicted temperature of the battery. The prediction method does not consider the actual conditions of anisotropy of heat transfer coefficient and convection heat transfer coefficient, and does not consider the process of inverse analysis, so that the real conditions of the temperature field part inside the battery and the heat generation condition are difficult to predict.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a battery cooling channel design method and a battery thermal management system control method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power battery heat transfer model, wherein boundary conditions are set as follows: assuming that the power battery is in a cuboid structure, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the center of the power battery as an original point, the heat conductivity coefficients and the surface convection heat transfer coefficients of the power battery in X, Y, Z three directions are different, the power battery has a stable and uniform internal heat source, and the boundary conditions are led into a two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction differential equation to respectively obtain a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery in XOY, YOZ and XOZ directions.
Further, the two-dimensional stable heat transfer model is
Q MON ＝h M A M (T S -T WM )+h N A N (T S -T WN )
Wherein, M, N belongs to (X, Y, Z), M, N belongs to (X, Y, Z), (X, Y, Z) is the coordinate of any point of the battery, M is the coordinate value of the M axis, N is the coordinate value of the N axis, Q MON Is the heat flow on the MON plane, λ M Is the thermal conductivity in the direction of the M axis, λ N Is the thermal conductivity in the N-axis direction, h M Is the surface convection heat transfer coefficient h in the direction of the M axis N Is the surface convection heat transfer coefficient in the N-axis direction, A M Is the cross-sectional area of the cell perpendicular to the M axis, A N Cross-sectional area of cell, T, perpendicular to the N-axis mn Is the cell temperature, T, at the coordinate (m, n) WM Surface temperature, T, of the power cell perpendicular to the M-axis WN Surface temperature, T, of the power cell perpendicular to the N-axis S Is the ambient temperature, T, of the surface of the power cell O The temperature of the power battery at the origin of coordinates.
The invention also provides a battery cooling channel design method based on the power battery heat transfer model, which respectively obtains the external environment temperature T of the power battery S And X, Y, ZHeat flow Q in three directions MON Obtaining the surface temperature T of each power battery through the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model W And an internal temperature distribution field T (x,y,z) The smaller the temperature gradient, the greater the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling channel.
Further, the method for increasing the heat dissipation capacity of the power battery cooling channel comprises the steps of increasing the cross-sectional area of the heat dissipation channel, increasing the density of the heat dissipation channel and increasing the flow rate of the cooling liquid of the heat dissipation channel.
The invention also provides a battery thermal management system control method based on the power battery thermal management model, which respectively obtains the external environment temperature T of the power battery S And the temperature T of each surface of the power battery W And obtaining the heat flow Q of the power battery in X, Y, Z three directions through the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model MON And an internal temperature distribution field T (x,y,z) And obtaining the heat required by the power battery according to the thermal management system simulation model, and increasing the heat required by the power battery and/or reducing the output power of the power battery when the temperature of a certain position in the power battery exceeds the optimal working temperature range of the power battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the prediction accuracy of the battery temperature is high. A two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery under the condition that the thermal conductivity coefficients of all directions and the surface convection heat transfer coefficients are different is established, the heat flow and the internal temperature distribution field of the battery are predicted by simulating a real application scene, and the prediction precision is improved.
2. The battery cooling channel is more reasonable in design. The cooling channel designed based on the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery has the heat dissipation capacity matched with the temperature distribution field inside the battery, so that a large temperature gradient inside the battery is avoided, and the performance of the battery is improved.
3. The battery thermal management system is more accurately controlled. The heat flow and the internal temperature distribution field of the battery are predicted based on the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery, the heat required by the battery heat management system for cooling or heating the power battery can be accurately obtained, and the control is performed when the local temperature of the power battery exceeds the optimal working temperature range, so that the control precision is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional coordinate model of a power battery.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided to further explain the claimed embodiments of the present invention in order to make it clear for those skilled in the art to understand the claims. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following specific examples. It is intended that the scope of the invention be determined by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which includes claims that are directed to this invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a power battery heat transfer model is characterized in that: the boundary conditions are set as follows: assuming that the power battery is in a cuboid structure, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the center of the power battery as an origin, the heat conductivity coefficients and the surface convection heat exchange coefficients of the power battery in X, Y, Z directions are different, the power battery has a stable and uniform internal heat source, and the boundary conditions are led into a two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction differential equation to respectively obtain a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery in XOY, YOZ and XOZ directions.
The expression of the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model is
Q MON ＝h M A M (T S -T WM )+h N A N (T S -T WN )
Wherein M, N belongs to (X, Y, Z), M, N belongs to (X, Y, Z), (X, Y, Z) is the coordinate of any point of the battery, M is the coordinate value of M axis, N is the coordinate value of N axis, Q MON Is the heat flow on the MON plane, λ M Is the thermal conductivity in the direction of the M axis, λ N Is the thermal conductivity in the N-axis direction, h M Is the surface convection heat transfer coefficient in the direction of the M axis, h N Is the surface convection heat transfer coefficient in the N-axis direction, A M Being batteries perpendicular to the M axisCross sectional area, A N Cross-sectional area of the cell, T, perpendicular to the N-axis mn Is the cell temperature, T, at the coordinate (m, n) WM Surface temperature, T, of the power cell perpendicular to the M-axis WN Surface temperature, T, of the power cell perpendicular to the N-axis S Is the ambient temperature, T, of the surface of the power cell O The temperature of the power battery at the origin of coordinates.
The model is established under the condition that the heat conductivity coefficients of all directions and the surface convection heat transfer coefficients are different, the heat flow and the internal temperature distribution field of the battery are predicted by simulating a real application scene, and the prediction precision is improved.
Based on the power battery cooling channel design method of the power battery heat transfer model, the external environment temperature T of the power battery is respectively obtained S And X, Y, Z heat flow Q in three directions MON Obtaining the surface temperature T of each power battery through the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model W And an internal temperature distribution field T (x,y,z) The smaller the temperature gradient is, the less the temperature change rate is, and the less the heat dissipation capacity is, and the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling channel should be increased at this position.
In this embodiment, the method for increasing the heat dissipation capacity of the power battery cooling channel includes increasing the cross-sectional area of the heat dissipation channel, increasing the density of the heat dissipation channel, and increasing the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the heat dissipation channel. The cooling channel designed based on the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery has the heat dissipation capacity matched with the temperature distribution field inside the battery, so that a large temperature gradient inside the battery is avoided, and the performance of the battery is improved.
The control method of the power battery thermal management system based on the power battery heat transfer model respectively obtains the external environment temperature T of the power battery S And the temperature T of each surface of the power battery W And obtaining the heat flow Q of the power battery in X, Y, Z three directions through the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model MON And an internal temperature distribution field T (x,y,z) Obtaining the heat required by the power battery according to the thermal management system simulation model, and increasing the power battery when the temperature of a certain position in the power battery exceeds the optimal working temperature range of the power batteryThe heat required by the power battery, and/or the output power of the power battery is reduced.
The heat flow and the internal temperature distribution field of the battery are predicted based on the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model of the power battery, the heat required by the battery heat management system for cooling or heating the power battery can be accurately obtained, and the control is performed when the local temperature of the power battery exceeds the optimal working temperature range, so that the control precision is improved.
Claims (3)
1. A battery cooling channel design method is characterized in that: the boundary conditions are set as follows: assuming that the power battery is in a cuboid structure, establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking the center of the power battery as an original point, wherein the heat conductivity coefficients and the surface convection heat exchange coefficients of the power battery in X, Y, Z directions are different, and the power battery has a stable and uniform internal heat source, introducing the boundary conditions into a two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction differential equation, and respectively obtaining two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer models of the power battery on three planes of XOY, YOZ and XOZ;
the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model is
Q MON ＝h M A M (T S -T WM )+h N A N (T S -T WN )
Wherein M, N belongs to (X, Y, Z), M, N belongs to (X, Y, Z), (X, Y, Z) is the coordinate of any point of the battery, M is the coordinate value of M axis, N is the coordinate value of N axis, Q MON Is the heat flow on the MON plane, λ M Is the heat conductivity in the direction of the M axis, λ N Is the thermal conductivity in the N-axis direction, h M Is the surface convection heat transfer coefficient h in the direction of the M axis N Is the surface convective heat transfer coefficient in the N-axis direction, A M Is the cross-sectional area of the cell perpendicular to the M axis, A N Cross-sectional area of cell, T, perpendicular to the N-axis mn Is the cell temperature, T, at the coordinate (m, n) WM Surface temperature, T, of the power cell perpendicular to the M-axis WN Surface temperature, T, of the power cell perpendicular to the N-axis S Is the external ambient temperature, T, of the power battery O The temperature of the power battery at the origin of coordinates;
respectively acquiring the external ambient temperature T of the power battery S And X, Y, Z heat flow Q in three directions MON Obtaining the surface temperature T of each power battery through the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model W And an internal temperature distribution field T (x,y,z) The smaller the temperature gradient, the greater the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling channel.
2. The battery cooling channel design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for increasing the heat dissipation capacity of the power battery cooling channel comprises the steps of increasing the cross section area of the heat dissipation channel, increasing the density of the heat dissipation channel and increasing the flow rate of cooling liquid of the heat dissipation channel.
3. A battery thermal management system control method based on the battery cooling passage design method of claim 1, characterized in that: respectively acquiring the external ambient temperature T of the power battery S And the temperature T of each surface of the power battery W And obtaining the heat flow Q of the power battery in X, Y, Z three directions through the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model MON And an internal temperature distribution field T (x,y,z) And obtaining the heat required by the power battery according to the thermal management system simulation model, and increasing the heat required by the power battery and/or reducing the output power of the power battery when the temperature of a certain position in the power battery exceeds the optimal working temperature range of the power battery.
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