CN104950261A - Battery hardware-in-loop simulation testing method and system - Google Patents
Battery hardware-in-loop simulation testing method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery simulation and discloses a battery hardware-in-loop simulation testing method and system. The method includes: building a one-dimensional battery heat model, wherein heat energy generated during battery operation is evenly distributed in a battery body; coupling the heat energy generated during battery operation with a battery equivalent circuit; calculating according to the heat energy generated during battery operation, atmosphere temperature and air flow to obtain battery temperature. The method has the advantages actual battery operation conditions can be reflected effectively, fast calculation and low internal memory occupation are achieved, and battery temperature change can be output to a battery management system in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the simulation technical field of battery, particularly a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test method and system of battery.
Background technology
Battery has different operational effects at different temperature, too low temperature can have a strong impact on the discharge capability of battery, although high temperature can increase electrochemical reaction velocity, improves the operation of battery, but the life-span of battery because the lifting of temperature can increase corrosion, can accelerate cell degradation process.And the temperature variation of battery causes due to the ruuning situation of battery and external environment.Therefore, concerning battery management system, how the temperature variation of prediction battery temperature profile and prediction battery affects the operation of battery, extremely important to design heat management system.
At present, can finite element software be used, as ANSYS or COMSOL, set up the 3D model of battery, point-device simulation is carried out to battery electrochemical and heat transfer.This model can reflect the temperature field that inside battery runs.But these softwares very consume internal memory and time in the application, in real time the temperature variation of battery can not be exported to battery management system in real time.Such as, in the three-dimensional computations in the temperature field to battery, at some Still time, calculating the distribution of medium grid needs more than 1 minute consuming time.
Also have a kind of simple battery simulation method, suppose that the temperature variation of battery is slowly relative to control, therefore just the temperature of battery is set to definite value.This emulation mode can not reflect that temperature affects situation to battery operation doing in loop test.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is the hardware-in-the-loop test method and system providing a kind of battery, not only effectively can reflect the real ruuning situation of battery, and computing velocity is fast, committed memory is few, in real time the temperature variation of battery can be exported to battery management system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery, comprise following steps:
Set up one dimension cell thermal model; Wherein, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous;
The heat energy produced by battery operation is coupled with battery equivalent electrical circuit and runs;
According to heat energy, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow that battery operation produces, calculate battery temperature.
Embodiments of the present invention additionally provide a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery, comprise: battery equivalent circuit module, temperature sensing module, air mass flow sensing module and battery thermal modules;
Described battery equivalent circuit module is coupled with described battery thermal modules; Described temperature sensing module, described air mass flow sensing module are all connected with described battery thermal modules;
Described battery equivalent circuit module, runs, calculates the heat energy of battery operation generation, and result of calculation is exported to described battery thermal modules for simulated battery;
Described temperature sensing module, for detecting the atmospheric temperature of battery ambient, and exports described battery thermal modules to;
Described air mass flow sensing module, for detecting the air mass flow of battery ambient, and exports described battery thermal modules to;
Described battery thermal modules, for the heat energy produced according to described battery operation, described atmospheric temperature, described air mass flow and the one dimension cell thermal model set up in advance, calculate battery temperature, and the battery temperature of calculating is fed back to described battery equivalent circuit module; Wherein, in one dimension cell thermal model, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous.
Embodiment of the present invention in terms of existing technologies, what set up is one dimension cell thermal model, and, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous, namely, only the medial temperature of battery is simulated, and the Temperature Distribution in each region of inside battery need not be simulated, like this, the whole thermal field of battery is simplified, when calculating battery temperature, calculated amount is little, computing velocity is fast, and committed memory is few, in real time the temperature variation of battery can be exported to battery management system; And the heat energy produced by battery operation is coupled with battery equivalent electrical circuit and runs, consider the heat of battery generation to battery operated impact, thus, effectively can reflect the real ruuning situation of battery.
Further, in the described heat energy, atmospheric temperature and the air mass flow that produce according to battery operation, calculate in the step of battery temperature, comprise following sub-step: adopt the air heat transfer model set up in advance, according to the heat Q that the moving air of last computation is taken away
air, the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate the heat Q that now thereof air is taken away
air_out; Adopt the battery set up in advance to produce heat and heat transfer model, the heat energy that the heat taken away according to described now thereof air and battery operation produce, calculates battery temperature.When calculating battery temperature, except considering heat energy, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow that battery operation produces, the difference of the heat that the moving air calculated before also considering is taken away and battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, like this, the battery temperature of calculating can be made more accurate, more can reflect real battery temperature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery according to third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation according to the air heat transfer submodule in four embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail.But, persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that in each embodiment of the present invention, proposing many ins and outs to make reader understand the application better.But, even without these ins and outs with based on the many variations of following embodiment and amendment, each claim of the application technical scheme required for protection also can be realized.
First embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery, and idiographic flow as shown in Figure 1, comprises following steps:
Step 101, sets up one dimension cell thermal model; Wherein, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous.In the present embodiment, adopt the analogy method of one dimension, the whole thermal field of battery is simplified, only the medial temperature of battery is simulated, and without the Temperature Distribution in each region, simulated battery inside.
Step 102, the heat energy produced by battery operation is coupled with battery equivalent electrical circuit and runs.The heat energy that battery operation produces to be coupled with battery equivalent electrical circuit run time, the heat energy of battery operation generation can act on battery equivalent electrical circuit, like this, effectively can reflect the real ruuning situation of battery, make analog result more accurate.
Step 103, calculates the heat energy that battery operation produces, and gathers atmospheric temperature and air mass flow.In this step, by the heat energy of following formulae discovery battery operation generation:
Wherein,
for the heat energy that battery operation produces, R is the internal resistance of cell, and I is the working current of battery, and N is the number in resistance capacitance (R-C) loop, and n is natural number.
Step 104, according to heat energy, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow that battery operation produces, calculates battery temperature.
In this step, battery temperature and the relational expression of time is calculated by following equation:
Wherein,
q is the remaining heat energy of inside battery, m
batfor battery quality, c
batfor the specific heat capacity of battery, T is battery temperature, and t is the time; A is the contact area of battery and air, and h is heat-conduction coefficient, T
ampfor atmospheric temperature, d is differential sign.
In the present embodiment, simulation step length, within 10 microseconds, even if to the battery case comprising 100 more pieces, carry out temperature simulation to each battery, also can control within 1 millisecond by computing time.So, in real time the temperature variation of battery can be exported to battery management system.
Compared with prior art, foundation be one dimension cell thermal model, and, the heat energy that battery operation produces, in the distribution of battery body inner homogeneous, namely, is only simulated the medial temperature of battery, and the Temperature Distribution in each region of inside battery need not be simulated, like this, the whole thermal field of battery is simplified, when calculating battery temperature, calculated amount is little, computing velocity is fast, and committed memory is few, in real time the temperature variation of battery can be exported to battery management system; And the heat energy produced by battery operation is coupled with battery equivalent electrical circuit and runs, consider the heat of battery generation to battery operated impact, thus, effectively can reflect the real ruuning situation of battery.
Second embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery.Second embodiment has done further improvement on the basis of the first embodiment, main improvements are: in second embodiment of the invention, when calculating battery temperature, not only consider heat energy, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow that battery operation produces, also consider the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, like this, the battery temperature of calculating can be made more accurate, more can reflect real battery temperature.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery, specifically as shown in Figure 2, comprises following steps:
Step 201, sets up one dimension cell thermal model; Wherein, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous.This step is identical with the step 101 in the first embodiment, does not repeat them here.
Step 202, the heat energy produced by battery operation is coupled with battery equivalent-circuit model and runs.This step is identical with the step 102 in the first embodiment, does not repeat them here.
Step 203, gathers atmospheric temperature and air mass flow.
Step 204, according to heat, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow that the moving air of last computation is taken away, calculates battery ambient air themperature.In this step, calculate battery ambient air themperature by following equation:
T
air_ave＝T
amp-Q
air/k/c
air/2
Wherein, T
air_avefor battery ambient air themperature, T
ampfor atmospheric temperature, Q
airfor the heat that the moving air of last computation is taken away, k is air mass flow, c
airfor air ratio thermal capacitance.
Before battery operated, the initial value of battery ambient air themperature is atmospheric temperature, when battery operated, batteries produce heat, wherein, the heat that moving air is taken away can affect battery ambient air themperature, and battery ambient air mass flow also can affect battery ambient air themperature.Such as, the heat that the moving air of last computation is taken away is more, and battery ambient air themperature can be lower; Battery ambient air mass flow is larger, and battery ambient air themperature can reduce more.By above-mentioned formula, battery ambient air themperature can be calculated.
Step 205, according to battery ambient air themperature and battery temperature, calculates the difference (Δ T) of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature.Wherein, Δ T=T
air_ave-T, T are battery temperature.
Step 206, according to the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, calculates the heat (Q that now thereof air is taken away
air_out).In the present embodiment, calculate by following equation the heat that now thereof air takes away:
Q
air_out＝ΔT/q＝(T
air_ave-T)/q
Wherein, q is thermal resistance.
Step 207, adopt the battery set up in advance to produce heat and heat transfer model, the heat energy that the heat taken away according to now thereof air and battery operation produce, calculates battery temperature.In this step, battery temperature is calculated by following equation:
Wherein,
In the present embodiment, when calculating battery temperature, not only consider the thermolysis of thermal conduction capability to battery of air, also contemplate the cooling effect of difference to battery of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, consider the heat energy that these two kinds act on the battery generation passed away together, the battery temperature of calculating can be made more accurate, more can reflect real battery temperature.
It should be noted that, step 203 ~ 207 are circulations in cycle calculations, the heat that the moving air of last computation is taken away is the heat that moving air that a front cycle calculations draws is taken away, and the heat that now thereof air is taken away is the heat that moving air that this cycle calculations draws is taken away.It should be noted that the heat that the moving air that this cycle calculations draws is taken away as the input parameter of this cycle calculations, can only be able to not be preserved, as the input parameter of next cycle calculations.In the present embodiment, the step-length between each circulation is the fixed step size preset.
The step of various method divides above, just in order to be described clearly, can merge into a step or splitting some step, being decomposed into multiple step, when realizing as long as comprise identical logical relation, all in the protection domain of this patent; To adding inessential amendment in algorithm or in flow process or introducing inessential design, but the core design not changing its algorithm and flow process is all in the protection domain of this patent.
Third embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery, as shown in Figure 3, comprises: battery equivalent circuit module, temperature sensing module, air mass flow sensing module and battery thermal modules.
Battery equivalent circuit module is coupled with battery thermal modules; Temperature sensing module, air mass flow sensing module are all connected with battery thermal modules.
Battery equivalent circuit module, runs, calculates the heat energy of battery operation generation, and export result of calculation to battery thermal modules for simulated battery.
Temperature sensing module, for detecting the atmospheric temperature of battery ambient, and exports battery thermal modules to.
Air mass flow sensing module, for detecting the air mass flow of battery ambient, and exports battery thermal modules to.
Battery thermal modules, for the heat energy, atmospheric temperature, air mass flow and the one dimension cell thermal model set up in advance that produce according to battery operation, calculates battery temperature, and the battery temperature of calculating is fed back to battery equivalent circuit module; Wherein, in one dimension cell thermal model, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous.
Be not difficult to find, present embodiment is the system embodiment corresponding with the first embodiment, and present embodiment can be worked in coordination with the first embodiment and be implemented.The relevant technical details mentioned in first embodiment is still effective in the present embodiment, in order to reduce repetition, repeats no more here.Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in present embodiment also can be applicable in the first embodiment.
Four embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery.4th embodiment has done further improvement on the basis of the 3rd embodiment, main improvements are: in the 4th embodiment, the hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery is when calculating battery temperature, the parameters such as the heat energy, atmospheric temperature and the air mass flow that not only adopt battery operation to produce, also adopt the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, like this, the battery temperature of calculating can be made more accurate, more can reflect real battery temperature.
In the present embodiment, battery thermal modules comprises air heat transfer submodule and calculating sub module.
Temperature sensing module, the air mass flow sensing module submodule that conducts heat with air is respectively connected; Battery equivalent circuit module, air heat transfer submodule is connected with calculating sub module respectively.
Air heat transfer submodule, for the heat (Q taken away according to the moving air of atmospheric temperature, air mass flow, last computation
air), the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, calculate the heat (Q that now thereof air is taken away
air_out), and export calculating sub module to.
Calculating sub module, for the heat energy that the heat taken away according to now thereof air and battery operation produce, calculates battery temperature.
Say further, air heat transfer submodule comprises heat and transmits computing unit, the first computing unit and the second computing unit, specifically as shown in Figure 4.
Temperature sensing module, air mass flow sensing module transmit computing unit with heat respectively and are connected; Heat transmits computing unit and is connected with the first computing unit, the second computing unit respectively, and the first computing unit is connected with the second computing unit; Second computing unit is connected with calculating sub module.
Heat transmits computing unit, for the heat (Q taken away according to the moving air of last computation
air), atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate battery ambient air themperature, and export the first computing unit to.
First computing unit, for battery ambient air themperature is deducted battery temperature, obtains the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, and exports the second computing unit to.
Heat transmits computing unit, the heat (Q that the moving air that the heat energy also for being produced by battery deducts last computation is taken away
air), obtain the remaining heat energy of inside battery, and export the second computing unit to.
Second computing unit, for calculating the heat (Q that now thereof air is taken away according to the data received
air_out), and export calculating sub module to.
Further, heat transmission computing unit comprises medial temperature computation subunit and thermal conduction capability computation subunit.
Temperature sensing module, air mass flow sensing module are connected with medial temperature computation subunit respectively; Medial temperature computation subunit is connected with the first computing unit; Air mass flow sensing module is connected with thermal conduction capability computation subunit.
Medial temperature computation subunit, the heat (Q that the moving air for root last computation is taken away
air), atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate the medial temperature of battery ambient air, and export the first computing unit to.
Thermal conduction capability computation subunit, for calculating thermal conduction capability according to air mass flow.
Because the second embodiment and present embodiment are mutually corresponding, therefore present embodiment can be worked in coordination with the second embodiment and be implemented.The relevant technical details mentioned in second embodiment is still effective in the present embodiment, and the technique effect that can reach in this second embodiment can realize in the present embodiment too, in order to reduce repetition, repeats no more here.Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in present embodiment also can be applicable in the second embodiment.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the respective embodiments described above realize specific embodiments of the invention, and in actual applications, various change can be done to it in the form and details, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a hardware-in-the-loop test method for battery, is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
Set up one dimension cell thermal model; Wherein, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous;
The heat energy produced by battery operation is coupled with battery equivalent electrical circuit and runs;
According to heat energy, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow that battery operation produces, calculate battery temperature.
2. the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described heat energy, atmospheric temperature and the air mass flow that produce according to battery operation, calculate in the step of battery temperature, calculate battery temperature and the relational expression of time by following equation:
Wherein,
for the heat energy that battery operation produces, Q is the remaining heat energy of inside battery, m
batfor battery quality, c
batfor the specific heat capacity of battery, T is battery temperature, and t is the time; A is the contact area of battery and air, and h is heat-conduction coefficient, T
ampfor atmospheric temperature, d is differential sign;
And
r is the internal resistance of cell, and I is the working current of battery, and N is the number in resistance capacitance loop, and n is natural number.
3. the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the described heat energy, atmospheric temperature and the air mass flow that produce according to battery operation, calculates in the step of battery temperature, comprises following sub-step:
Adopt the air heat transfer model set up in advance, according to the heat Q that the moving air of last computation is taken away
air, the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate the heat Q that now thereof air is taken away
air_out;
Adopt the battery set up in advance to produce heat and heat transfer model, the heat energy that the heat taken away according to now thereof air and battery operation produce, calculates battery temperature.
4. the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, at the air heat transfer model that described employing is set up in advance, the difference of heat, battery temperature and the battery ambient air themperature taken away according to the moving air of last computation, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate in the step of the heat that now thereof air is taken away, comprise following sub-step:
According to the heat Q that the moving air of described last computation is taken away
air, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate battery ambient air themperature;
According to described battery ambient air themperature and battery temperature, calculate the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature;
According to the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, calculate the heat Q that described now thereof air is taken away
air_out.
5. the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the heat Q taken away according to the moving air of described last computation
air, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate in the step of battery ambient air themperature,
Battery ambient air themperature is calculated by following equation:
T
air_ave＝T
amp-Q
air/k/c
air/2
Wherein, T
air_avefor battery ambient air themperature, T
ampfor atmospheric temperature, k is air mass flow, c
airfor air ratio thermal capacitance.
6. the hardware-in-the-loop test method of battery according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in the described difference according to battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, calculates in the step of the heat that described now thereof air is taken away,
The heat that described now thereof air takes away is calculated by following equation:
Q
air_out＝(T
air_ave-T)/q
Wherein, T
air_avefor battery ambient air themperature, T is battery temperature, and q is thermal resistance.
7. a hardware-in-the-loop test system for battery, is characterized in that, comprise: battery equivalent circuit module, temperature sensing module, air mass flow sensing module and battery thermal modules;
Described battery equivalent circuit module is coupled with described battery thermal modules; Described temperature sensing module, described air mass flow sensing module are all connected with described battery thermal modules;
Described battery equivalent circuit module, runs, calculates the heat energy of battery operation generation, and result of calculation is exported to described battery thermal modules for simulated battery;
Described temperature sensing module, for detecting the atmospheric temperature of battery ambient, and exports described battery thermal modules to;
Described air mass flow sensing module, for detecting the air mass flow of battery ambient, and exports described battery thermal modules to;
Described battery thermal modules, for the heat energy produced according to described battery operation, described atmospheric temperature, described air mass flow and the one dimension cell thermal model set up in advance, calculate battery temperature, and the battery temperature of calculating is fed back to described battery equivalent circuit module; Wherein, in one dimension cell thermal model, the heat energy that battery operation produces distributes at battery body inner homogeneous.
8. the hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described battery thermal modules comprises air heat transfer submodule and calculating sub module;
Described temperature sensing module, the described air mass flow sensing module submodule that conducts heat with described air is respectively connected; Described battery equivalent circuit module, described air heat transfer submodule is connected with described calculating sub module respectively;
Described air heat transfer submodule, for the heat Q taken away according to the moving air of described atmospheric temperature, described air mass flow, last computation
air, battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature difference, calculate the heat Q that now thereof air is taken away
air_out, and export described calculating sub module to;
Described calculating sub module, for the heat energy that the heat taken away according to described now thereof air and described battery operation produce, calculates battery temperature.
9. the hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described air heat transfer submodule comprises heat and transmits computing unit, the first computing unit and the second computing unit;
Described temperature sensing module, described air mass flow sensing module transmit computing unit with described heat respectively and are connected; Described heat transmits computing unit and is connected with described first computing unit, described second computing unit respectively, and described first computing unit is connected with described second computing unit; Described second computing unit is connected with described calculating sub module;
Described heat transmits computing unit, for the heat Q taken away according to the moving air of described last computation
air, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate battery ambient air themperature, and export the first computing unit to;
Described first computing unit, for battery ambient air themperature is deducted battery temperature, obtains the difference of battery temperature and battery ambient air themperature, and exports the second computing unit to;
Described heat transmits computing unit, the heat Q that the moving air that the heat energy also for being produced by battery deducts last computation is taken away
air, obtain the remaining heat energy of inside battery, and export the second computing unit to;
Described second computing unit, for calculating the heat Q that described now thereof air is taken away according to the data received
air_out, and export described calculating sub module to.
10. the hardware-in-the-loop test system of battery according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described heat transmits computing unit and comprises medial temperature computation subunit;
Described temperature sensing module, described air mass flow sensing module are connected with described medial temperature computation subunit respectively; Described medial temperature computation subunit is connected with described first computing unit;
Described medial temperature computation subunit, for the heat Q that the moving air of last computation described in root is taken away
air, atmospheric temperature and air mass flow, calculate the medial temperature of battery ambient air, and export the first computing unit to.
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| CN104950261B (en) | 2018-02-09 |
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