CN113188487A - Method for detecting gap width of plate-shaped composite material containing ceramic block splicing layer - Google Patents
Method for detecting gap width of plate-shaped composite material containing ceramic block splicing layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the gap width of a plate-shaped composite material containing a ceramic block splicing layer. According to the method, data are acquired in a scanning mode of rotating 180 degrees at different fixed interval angles according to the gap with the fixed width to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, and a three-dimensional imaging image is obtained, so that the problem of image overlapping is solved, the measurement error of the gap width is reduced, and the detection precision is improved. In addition, the method has the advantages of strong operability, wide applicability, high reliability, high accuracy and the like. The method is suitable for the field of X-ray digital imaging detection of composite materials, in particular to X-ray digital imaging detection of the gap width of plate-shaped composite material products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial nondestructive testing, in particular to a method for detecting the gap width of a plate-shaped composite material containing a ceramic block splicing layer.
Background
The ceramic layer of the plate-shaped composite material containing the ceramic block splicing layer is formed by splicing a plurality of ceramic blocks which can be densely arranged, such as a regular quadrangle or a regular hexagon, and the like, and a gap with the width of 0.4 mm-0.8 mm usually exists at the splicing position. In an ideal state, all the gaps are parallel to each other, and in the actual preparation process of the product, because of the interference of factors such as a preparation process, a forming process and the like, the complete parallelism of the gaps cannot be ensured, and included angles in different directions may exist.
For measuring the width of a plurality of gaps of a laminated composite material product containing ceramic blocks, two methods are commonly used at present, one method is to adopt a set of feelers with metal sheets with different standard thicknesses for measurement, but the method has the disadvantages of poor operation convenience, complexity and low measurement precision in the measurement process. The other is to adopt the digital imaging detection method of X ray to measure the plate-like composite gap width, detect the internal situation that the formation of image can reflect the product directly and fast through the single angle, the transillumination of unidirectional is detected, can measure the gap width directly from the formation of image, but the ray source sends out the bundle of rays and is fan-shaped or toper, therefore the bundle of rays can not be incided into the gap in the plate-like composite member completely parallelly, because of there is certain angle between the gap again, lead to the image to overlap, the definition of detecting the image has been influenced, make the image fuzzy, cause the gap width measuring error to increase correspondingly, show through a large amount of tests: the gap width measurement error is 5% where the beam is incident exactly perpendicular to the gap. Whereas at off-beam positions the gap width measurement error is as high as 23%. Therefore, the transillumination detection in a single direction is carried out by adopting a single angle, and the gap width detection precision is seriously reduced.
By searching literature data, no patent on a nondestructive testing method for measuring the gap width is reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The method provided by the invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing nondestructive technology, and provides the method for detecting the gap width of the plate-shaped composite material containing the ceramic block splicing layer, so that the image overlapping is eliminated, and the accuracy of gap width measurement is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: preparing a composite material comparison sample with a fixed gap width by adopting a preset template limiting method and utilizing different clearance gauge combinations; carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on a contrast sample by adopting a mode of rotating 180 degrees at different fixed interval angles, acquiring detection data, reconstructing an image, measuring the width dimension of a prefabricated gap, calculating a measurement error and determining an optimal interval angle; and determining the width dimension of the gap of the sample to be detected by using the optimal rotation interval angle.
The invention relates to an X-ray digital imaging detection method for the gap width of a platy composite material, which comprises the following steps of:
1) preparation of comparative samples
Selecting raw materials the same as the detected sample, preparing a comparison sample which has the same size and composition with the appearance structure of the detected sample, and prefabricating the width of a gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks in the middle layer by adopting a prefabricated template limiting method and utilizing a clearance gauge with proper width;
2) determination of process parameters for testing
Determining the detection process parameter conditions according to the width of the prefabricated gap of the comparison sample;
3) contrast sample X-ray digital imaging detection
And placing the contrast sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on the contrast sample by adopting the determined optimal detection process parameters. During detection, the contrast sample is subjected to data acquisition and three-dimensional reconstruction by respectively adopting a scanning mode of rotating 180 degrees at different interval angles through a rotary table to obtain three-dimensional detection images of the contrast sample at different interval angles, the width of a prefabricated gap in the detection image is respectively measured for six times and calculated to obtain an average value, and a measurement error average value is calculated according to the average value; finding an error average value which is less than and closest to 5%, wherein the corresponding interval angle is the optimal interval angle;
4) gap width measurement of a test sample
And carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on the detected sample by adopting the determined detection process parameters and the optimal rotation interval angle to obtain the gap width of the detected sample.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the gap width of a spliced laminated composite material containing ceramic blocks, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the width of a prefabricated gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks of the comparison sample is 0.3mm-1.0 mm.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the gap width of a spliced laminated composite material containing ceramic blocks, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the detection process parameter conditions comprise that the size of a focus of a ray source is 0.8-2.5 mm, the voltage of a tube is 80-150 kV, the current of the tube is 8-12 mA, the integration time is 14-24 ms, the row merging number is 3-5, and the pixel merging number is 3.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the gap width of a spliced laminated composite material containing ceramic blocks, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the rotating interval angle is less than or equal to 6 degrees.
According to the method for detecting the gap width of the plate-shaped composite material containing the ceramic block splicing layer, data are acquired in a scanning mode of rotating 180 degrees at different fixed interval angles according to the gap with the fixed width to perform three-dimensional reconstruction, and a three-dimensional imaging image is obtained, so that the problem of image overlapping is solved, the measurement error of the gap width is reduced, and the detection precision is improved. In addition, the method has the advantages of strong operability, wide applicability, high reliability, high accuracy and the like. The method is suitable for the field of X-ray digital imaging detection of composite materials, in particular to X-ray digital imaging detection of the gap width of plate-shaped composite material products.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiments, but the technical solution of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The test sample was a 250mm × 200mm × 10mm sandwich-structured composite plate. The middle layer is a ceramic layer and is formed by splicing square ceramic blocks with the side length of 15mm and the thickness of 6 mm; the surface layer and the back layer are made of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite materials with the thickness of 2 mm.
When the gap width of the sample to be detected is detected, the steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of comparative samples
Selecting raw materials the same as the detected sample, preparing a comparison sample which has the same shape, structure and size and composition with the detected sample, wherein a gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks in the middle layer is prefabricated with the width of 0.3mm by a pre-template limiting method and using a feeler gauge with the width of 0.3 mm.
(2) Determination of detection process parameters
According to the width of the prefabricated gap of the comparative sample of 0.3mm, the optimal detection process parameters of 100kV of voltage, 8.5mA of current, 0.8mm of focal spot size, 20ms of integration time, 5 of row merging number and 3 of pixel merging number are determined.
(3) Contrast sample X-ray digital imaging detection
And placing the contrast sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on the contrast sample by adopting the determined optimal detection process parameters. During detection, the comparison sample is rotated by a half circle through a turntable at the interval angles of 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees and 6 degrees respectively, data acquisition is carried out in the rotating process, detection data under six interval angles are obtained, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on the detection data respectively, three-dimensional detection images of the comparison sample under six interval angles are obtained, the width of a prefabricated gap in the detection images is measured for six times, and the average value is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of rotations at different angular intervals
Based on the measurement error of the gap measurement width being less than 5%, it can be seen from table 1 that the rotation interval angle is less than or equal to 3 °, and a larger interval angle is selected as much as possible on the premise of satisfying the detection efficiency, so that the comparison sample selects 3 ° as the optimal interval angle.
(4) Gap width measurement of a test sample
And placing the detected sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and rotating the sample to be detected at a rotation angle of 3 degrees at intervals to perform X-ray digital imaging detection to obtain the gap width of the detected sample.
Compared with the transillumination detection method adopting a single angle, the detection precision of the method is improved by 15 percent.
Example 2
The test sample was a composite plate having a sandwich structure of 200mm × 180mm × 11 mm. The middle layer is a ceramic layer and is formed by splicing regular hexagonal ceramic blocks with the side length of 10mm and the thickness of 3 mm; the surface layer and the back layer are made of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite materials with the thickness of 4 mm.
When the gap width of the sample to be detected is detected, the steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of control samples
The outline structure size and the composition of the comparison sample are consistent with those of the sample to be detected, the gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks in the middle layer is prefabricated with the width of 0.5mm by using a 0.5mm feeler gauge by adopting a preset template limiting method.
(2) Determination of detection process parameters
According to the width of the prefabricated gap of the comparative sample of 0.5mm, the optimal detection process parameters of 120kV of voltage, 6.75mA of current, 2.5mm of focus size, 18ms of integration time, 4 row merging numbers and 3 pixel merging numbers are determined.
(3) Contrast sample X-ray digital imaging detection
And placing the contrast sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on the contrast sample by adopting the determined optimal detection process parameters. During detection, the comparison sample is rotated by a half circle through a turntable at the interval angles of 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees and 6 degrees respectively, data acquisition is carried out in the rotating process, detection data under six interval angles are obtained, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on the detection data respectively, three-dimensional detection images of the comparison sample under six interval angles are obtained, the width of a prefabricated gap in the detection images is measured for six times, and the average value is calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
Based on the measurement error of the gap measurement width being less than 5%, as can be seen from table 1, the rotation angle is less than or equal to 4 °, and a larger spacing angle is selected as far as possible on the premise of satisfying the detection efficiency, so that the comparison sample selects 4 ° as the optimal spacing angle.
(4) Gap width measurement of a test sample
And placing the detected sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and rotating the sample to be detected at a rotation angle of 4 degrees at intervals to perform X-ray digital imaging detection to obtain the gap width of the detected sample.
Compared with the transillumination detection method adopting a single angle, the detection precision of the method is improved by 18 percent.
Example 3
The test sample was a composite plate of a sandwich structure of 220mm × 200mm × 14 mm. The middle layer is a ceramic layer and is formed by splicing equilateral triangle ceramic blocks with the side length of 12mm and the thickness of 8 mm; the surface layer and the back layer are made of aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite materials with the thickness of 5 mm.
(1) Preparation of control samples
The outline structure size and the composition of the comparison sample are consistent with those of the sample to be detected, the gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks in the middle layer is prefabricated to be 1.0mm in width by using a 1.0mm feeler gauge by adopting a preset template limiting method.
(2) Determination of detection process parameters
According to the width of the prefabricated gap of the comparative sample of 1.0mm, the optimal detection process parameters of 150kV of detection voltage, 9.0mA of detection current, 2.5mm of focus size, 14ms of integration time, 3 row merging numbers and 3 pixel merging numbers are determined.
(3) Contrast sample X-ray digital imaging detection
And placing the contrast sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on the contrast sample by adopting the determined optimal detection process parameters. During detection, the comparison sample is rotated by a half circle through a turntable at the interval angles of 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees and 6 degrees respectively, data acquisition is carried out in the rotating process, detection data under six interval angles are obtained, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on the detection data respectively, three-dimensional detection images of the comparison sample under six interval angles are obtained, the width of a prefabricated gap in the detection images is measured for six times, and the average value is calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.
Based on the measurement error of the gap measurement width being less than 5%, the rotation angle is determined to be less than or equal to 5 °, as can be seen from table 3, the rotation angle is less than or equal to 5 °, and a larger interval angle is selected as far as possible on the premise that the detection efficiency is satisfied, so that the comparison sample selects 5 ° as the optimal interval angle.
(4) Gap width measurement of a test sample
And placing the detected sample on a rotary table of an industrial CT mechanical system, and rotating the sample to be detected at a rotation angle of 5 degrees at intervals to perform X-ray digital imaging detection to obtain the gap width of the detected sample.
Compared with the transillumination detection method adopting a single angle, the detection precision of the method is improved by 20 percent.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting the gap width of a plate-shaped composite material containing a ceramic block splicing layer comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of comparative samples
Selecting raw materials the same as the detected sample, preparing a comparison sample which has the same size and composition with the appearance structure of the detected sample, and prefabricating the width of a gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks in the middle layer by adopting a prefabricated template limiting method and utilizing a clearance gauge with proper width;
2) determination of process parameters for testing
Determining the detection process parameter conditions according to the width of the prefabricated gap of the comparison sample;
3) contrast sample X-ray digital imaging detection
The contrast sample is placed on a turntable of an industrial CT mechanical system, the determined optimal detection process parameters are adopted to carry out X-ray digital imaging detection on the contrast sample,
during detection, the contrast sample is subjected to data acquisition and three-dimensional reconstruction by respectively adopting a scanning mode of rotating 180 degrees at different fixed interval angles through a turntable to obtain three-dimensional detection images of the contrast sample at different interval angles, the width of a prefabricated gap in the detection image is respectively measured for six times and calculated to obtain an average value, and a measurement error average value is calculated according to the average value; finding an error average value which is less than and closest to 5%, wherein the corresponding interval angle is the optimal interval angle;
4) gap width measurement of a test sample
And carrying out X-ray digital imaging detection on the detected sample by adopting the determined detection process parameters and the optimal rotation interval angle to obtain the gap width of the detected sample.
2. The method for detecting the gap width of the plate-shaped composite material containing the ceramic block splicing layer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of a prefabricated gap at the splicing position of the adjacent ceramic blocks of the comparison sample is 0.3mm-1.0 mm.
3. The method for detecting the gap width of the plate-shaped composite material containing the ceramic block splicing layer according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection process parameter conditions comprise that the size of a focus of a ray source is 0.8-2.5 mm, the voltage of a tube is 80-150 kV, the current of the tube is 8-12 mA, the integration time is 14-24 ms, the row merging number is 3-5, and the pixel merging number is 3.
4. The method for detecting the gap width of the plate-shaped composite material containing the ceramic block splicing layer according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotating interval angle is less than or equal to 6 degrees.
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Application publication date: 20210730 |