CN113187444A - Mining and safe storage and transportation technology of deep-sea combustible ice - Google Patents
Mining and safe storage and transportation technology of deep-sea combustible ice Download PDFInfo
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- CN113187444A CN113187444A CN202110508351.3A CN202110508351A CN113187444A CN 113187444 A CN113187444 A CN 113187444A CN 202110508351 A CN202110508351 A CN 202110508351A CN 113187444 A CN113187444 A CN 113187444A
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- hydrate
- combustible ice
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0007—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 for underwater installations
Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for exploiting, safely storing and transporting deep-sea combustible ice. The invention provides a deep-sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology, which aims to solve the technical problems that the combustible ice mining difficulty and the operation difficulty are huge, the implementation cost investment is too high and the safe storage and transportation are difficult under the complex deep-sea environment. The invention has safe and controllable whole exploitation process, and gets rid of the necessary transportation pipeline leading to the platform for oil and gas well, which is a set of complete and independent deep sea combustible ice exploitation and storage and transportation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine oil and gas resource exploitation, in particular to a technology for exploiting, safely storing and transporting deep-sea combustible ice.
Background
The combustible ice is natural gas hydrate, is an ice-like crystal formed by methane gas and water under special conditions of high pressure and low temperature, can be combusted when encountering fire, can generate natural gas with the volume of more than 160-. The combustible ice in nature is mostly in a solid state, so that the combustible ice cannot be ejected by self-jetting like petroleum and natural gas exploitation, and cannot be directly excavated out of the solid hydrate like coal mining in a coal mine, so that the combustible ice is very difficult to obtain. In order to obtain the clean high-quality energy, a scheme of changing the phase state of the seabed combustible ice into fluid by using a decomposition method such as a depressurization method, a pyrolysis method, a replacement method, a chemical agent injection method and the like and then exploiting the fluid in a conventional mode like extracting petroleum and natural gas is proposed, however, the method is only feasible theoretically and experimentally exploiting without cost, but the operation is difficult and serious in a complex deep sea environment; in order to obtain the solid combustible ice, only a method of in-situ decomposition and then synthesis is feasible, but mass production is more difficult; the pyrolysis method proposed in the past has no popularization prospect because the common heat source is high in cost and uneconomical. At present, the widely seen method is a water pumping and pressure reducing decomposition method, which decomposes hydrate by reducing reservoir pressure through pumping water, the previous trial exploitation adopts a submersible pump to pump fluid in a reservoir from a well mouth, the natural gas is pumped to a production platform through a shaft pipeline and then separated, the production method has the defects that a large amount of sand production inevitably occurs, the natural gas in the fluid has a small proportion, part of silt is pumped to the platform along with the fluid, and part of silt can be deposited in the shaft or decomposed methane gas is generated due to temperature and pressure change, hydrate is formed in the shaft again to block the pipeline, the silt in the fluid can also cause abrasion to equipment, the working efficiency and the service life are reduced, and if a running submersible pump is stopped or decelerated suddenly, the backflow silt can be seriously deposited to block the pipeline, so that irreversible loss is caused; at present, no matter which decomposition method is used for mining, the technical problems of high implementation cost investment, uncontrollable hydrate decomposition speed, high difficulty in increasing yield and the like exist. In the aspect of storage and transportation, as the mining platform is far away from the land, if the obtained natural gas is transported in a pipeline mode, a gas pipeline needs to be laid for a long distance, related facilities are extremely easy to corrode in a high-salt marine environment, and complicated seabed ocean currents enable the related facilities to be easily damaged; for liquefaction, storage and transportation of natural gas, the liquefaction process needs to be finished on a mining platform, corresponding large-scale compression equipment and a large number of storage facilities need to be configured, the processes of liquefaction, purification and the like are complicated, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the whole operation area is flammable, explosive and unsafe; although the solid storage and transportation of combustible ice has many advantages in the aspects of safety, the natural gas hydrate under normal temperature and normal pressure is difficult to maintain the solid form for a long time, so that the solid, solid or gaseous natural gas hydrate has a great technical problem in the aspects of exploitation, storage and transportation; the greenhouse effect of methane is twenty times that of carbon dioxide, if a large amount of methane gas is escaped to the atmosphere due to improper exploitation, the environment can be further caused with inestimable adverse effects, and a reliable scheme for the production, safe storage and transportation of deep sea combustible ice, which is safe, environment-friendly and efficient, is not available at home and abroad up to now.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that the exploitation difficulty and the control difficulty of combustible ice are huge, the implementation cost investment is too high and the safe storage and transportation are difficult under the complex deep sea environment, the invention provides a technology for exploiting and safely storing and transporting the combustible ice in the deep sea, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of arranging a huge underwater collecting device and a forming device above a submarine mining area, decomposing hydrates in a deep sea ore bed, continuously spraying a large amount of methane gas in a bubble form along with fluid, recombining the methane gas collected by the underwater collecting device with water to form hydrates, packaging and forming by the forming device, thus obtaining a large amount of pure solid combustible ice finished products with consistent specifications in situ on the seabed, and then packaging the solid combustible ice finished products into special external packages for storage and transportation, thereby achieving the purpose of safe storage and transportation.
The collecting device is a huge underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above a submarine exploitation area, is specially made of a proper material, and is provided with a mooring positioning device, a dynamic positioning device, an ocean current generating device and various sensors at proper positions in order to prevent the gas collecting hood from displacing along with waves and flowing gradually like a jellyfish under a complex submarine ocean current environment; the system is intelligently controlled by a specific algorithm, so that the normal operation of each device is ensured, a large amount of methane gas (bubbles) decomposed by an effective method can be collected by the gas collecting hood in the ascending process, and the collected methane bubbles can be quickly recombined into clean hydrate due to the low-temperature high-pressure environment in the seabed in situ. Because the natural gas hydrate synthesized in situ has low density, irregular shape and inconvenient storage and transportation, a stirring mechanism, a scraper mechanism and a special forming and packaging device are arranged in the gas collecting hood, and the scraper mechanism pushes the loose hydrate to a giant spiral compression forming and packaging device for forming and seals the hydrate in a proper flexible material package, thereby obtaining the high-density pure combustible ice with uniform specification. The shape of the sealed combustible ice package is relatively stable under the high-pressure environment of the sea bottom, if the sealed combustible ice package is under the normal-pressure environment, the combustible ice in the package can be decomposed into gas due to decompression and temperature rise, so that the sealed package can expand unlimitedly, and in order to prevent the sealed package from expanding and cracking in the storage and transportation process, an external package (cage) special for storage and transportation (specially made of a proper light material) is additionally arranged for each sealed package, so that the sealed package is bound, the pressure in the package is maintained, the combustible ice is ensured to be in a solid state for a long time, and the safety requirement of land and water transportation under the low-pressure high-temperature environment is met; the outer package (cage) special for storage and transportation consists of two parts of shells A and B, a butt joint buckle is arranged at a proper position of the shell, and the shells can be folded up like a bean pod is wrapped with bean particles when in use to be combined into the outer package (cage) special for storage and transportation; in order to save space and facilitate transportation and transportation to deep sea operation areas, the shells to be used can be tightly piled together like dinner plates; under water, due to pressure, the outer packaging shells piled together are not easy to separate, so that the shells are provided with a plurality of holes, the pressure among individuals is consistent, and the piled shells are conveniently disassembled for use; the shell is provided with a firm hoisting lug, so that the special packaging (cage) for storage and transportation is fully loaded with hydrate and is continuously dragged to the mining platform through the underwater cable car system. The mining platform is a servo and control area and is provided with a central control room and other necessary facilities, electric power and bidirectional photoelectric signals are transmitted through a submarine cable, the operation of the above-water and underwater intelligent equipment is controlled, the underwater cable car is used for conveying required materials to the submarine equipment and conveying combustible ice finished products back to the platform, and the water and land transportation task can be completed by a special carrying tool.
The controllable decomposition method of the hydrate provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1. the environmental decompression mining method is characterized in that one or more well heads and cold springs are enclosed into an independent area by an enclosure, one or more large-flow drainage devices are arranged on the enclosure and used for pumping and discharging seawater in the enclosure, the pumping and discharging flow and the flow rate of the seawater in the enclosure are adjusted, so that the discharged speed is high, the supplemented speed is low, the water pressure of the well head area in the enclosure is reduced to a certain value, the original hydrate ore bed in a high-pressure environment is rapidly decomposed due to the reduction of the environmental pressure, methane gas is sprayed out from the well heads and the cold spring holes in a large amount along with fluid in a bubble form, and the methane bubbles which float up quickly are collected by an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above the enclosure; by adjusting the speed of pumping and draining, the required low pressure is dynamically created for the area, thereby realizing the control of the decomposition speed of the hydrate in the ore bed.
2. A jet-flow pressure-reducing exploitation method for the underground ore layer features that the high-pressure water jet connected to well head is used to pump the fluid in well to platform, and the high-speed jet pump with high flow rate is used to pump the fluid in well and eject it at high speed.
3. The thermal decomposition method utilizes the characteristics of long half-life period and continuous heating of the spent fuel (nuclear waste), uses a container for shielding nuclear radiation to contain the spent fuel to serve as a heat source for decomposing hydrate in a seabed ore bed, and decomposed methane gas (bubbles) is collected by an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above a well mouth. The heating decomposition control of the hydrate can be completed only by adjusting the distance between a spent fuel heat source and an ore bed.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a technology for mining, safely storing and transporting deep sea combustible ice, which has the following specific implementation modes:
the mining platform is a servo and control area and is provided with a central control room and other necessary facilities, the platform is connected through a submarine cable, electric power and bidirectional photoelectric signals are transmitted, the operation of the above-water and underwater intelligent equipment is controlled, a special collecting and forming device and related facilities are arranged on the seabed, and a submarine cable car system is arranged to convey required materials to the submarine equipment and convey combustible ice finished products back to the platform.
The collecting device is a huge underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above a submarine exploitation area, is specially made of a proper material, and is provided with a mooring positioning device, a dynamic positioning device, an ocean current generating device and various sensors at proper positions in order to prevent the gas collecting hood from displacing along with waves and flowing gradually like a jellyfish under a complex submarine ocean current environment; the system is intelligently controlled by a specific algorithm, so that the normal operation of each device is ensured, a large amount of methane gas (bubbles) decomposed by an effective method can be collected by the gas collecting hood in the ascending process, and the collected methane bubbles can be quickly recombined into clean hydrate due to the low-temperature high-pressure environment in the seabed in situ. Because the natural gas hydrate synthesized in situ has low density, irregular shape and inconvenient storage and transportation, a stirring mechanism, a scraper mechanism and a special forming and packaging device are arranged in the gas collecting hood, and the scraper mechanism pushes the loose hydrate to a huge (as large as possible) spiral compression forming and packaging device (similar to sausage filling) for forming and seals the device in a proper flexible material (casing) package (similar to a huge sausage), thereby obtaining the high-density pure combustible ice with uniform specification. The shape of the sealed combustible ice package is relatively stable under the high-pressure environment of the sea bottom, if the sealed combustible ice package is under the normal-pressure environment, the combustible ice in the package can be decomposed into gas due to decompression and temperature rise, so that the sealed package can expand unlimitedly, and in order to prevent the sealed package from expanding and cracking in the storage and transportation process, an external package (cage) special for storage and transportation (specially made of a proper light material) is additionally arranged for each sealed package, so that the sealed package is bound, the pressure in the package is maintained, the combustible ice is ensured to be in a solid state for a long time, and the safety requirement of land and water transportation under the low-pressure high-temperature environment is met; the outer package (cage) special for storage and transportation consists of two parts of shells A and B, a butt joint buckle is arranged at a proper position of the shell, and the shells can be folded up like a bean pod is wrapped with bean particles when in use to be combined into the outer package (cage) special for storage and transportation; in order to save space and facilitate transportation and transportation to deep sea operation areas, the shells to be used can be tightly piled together like dinner plates; under water, due to pressure, the outer packaging shells piled together are not easy to separate, so that the shells are provided with a plurality of holes, the pressure among individuals is consistent, and the piled shells are conveniently disassembled for use; the shell is provided with a firm lifting lug, so that the special storage and transportation package (cage) is fully loaded with hydrate, is continuously dragged to a mining platform through an underwater cable car system, is transported to land by a ship, and is transported on land and water by a special carrying tool.
The controllable decomposition method of the hydrate provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1. an environment decompression mining method, which is characterized in that one or more well heads and cold springs are enclosed into an independent area by an enclosure, one or more large-flow drainage devices (such as a ship propeller) are arranged on the enclosure and used for pumping and discharging seawater in the enclosure, the pumping and discharging speed of the seawater in the enclosure is adjusted, so that the discharged speed is high, the supplemented speed is low, the water pressure of the well head area in the enclosure is reduced to a certain value, a hydrate ore layer originally in a high-pressure environment is rapidly decomposed due to the reduction of the environmental pressure, methane gas is sprayed out from the well heads and the cold spring holes along with fluid in a bubble form, and the rapidly floating methane bubbles are collected by an underwater gas collection hood (pocket) arranged above the enclosure; by adjusting the speed of pumping and draining, the required low pressure is dynamically created for the area, thereby realizing the control of the decomposition speed of the hydrate in the ore bed.
2. A jet-flow pressure-reducing exploitation method for the underground ore layer features that the high-pressure water jet connected to well head is used to pump the fluid in well to platform, and the high-speed jet pump with high flow rate is used to pump the fluid in well and eject it at high speed.
3. The thermal decomposition method utilizes the characteristics of long half-life period and continuous heating of the spent fuel (nuclear waste), uses a container for shielding nuclear radiation to contain the spent fuel to serve as a heat source for decomposing hydrate in a seabed ore bed, and decomposed methane gas (bubbles) is collected by an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above a well mouth. The heating decomposition control of the hydrate can be completed only by adjusting the distance between a spent fuel heat source and an ore bed.
Effects of the invention
The invention has the advantages of simple and reasonable principle, safety, controllability, energy conservation, high efficiency, economy, environmental protection and wide application range.
Claims (7)
1. The mining and safe storage and transportation technology of deep sea combustible ice is characterized in that: a collecting device and a forming device are arranged above a submarine mining area, after hydrate in a deep sea ore bed is decomposed by a controllable method and other methods, methane gas flows out along with fluid in a bubble form, the methane gas collected by the collecting device is recombined with water in situ to form hydrate, and the hydrate is formed and packaged into a solid combustible ice finished product with consistent specification by the forming device and then is filled into an outer package special for storage and transportation.
2. The deep sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology of claim 1, characterized in that: the collecting device is an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above a submarine exploitation area, the gas collecting hood is specially made of proper materials, and a mooring positioning device, a dynamic positioning device, an ocean current power generation device and various sensors are arranged at proper positions; methane gas (bubbles) decomposed by the effective method can be collected by the gas collecting hood in the ascending process, and the methane and water collected by the gas collecting hood can be rapidly synthesized into hydrate again in the low-temperature high-pressure environment in situ at the seabed.
3. The deep sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology of claim 1, characterized in that: the forming device is composed of a stirring mechanism, a scraping plate mechanism and a special forming and packaging device which are arranged in the underwater gas collecting hood (pocket). And the scraper mechanism pushes the loose hydrate to a spiral compression forming and packaging device for forming, and seals the hydrate in a proper flexible material package, so that the high-density pure combustible ice with uniform specification is obtained.
4. The deep sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology of claim 1, characterized in that: the outer package is made of proper light materials and consists of a shell body with a plurality of holes in the parts A and B, a butt joint buckle and a lifting lug are arranged at proper positions of the shell body, and when the outer package is used, the shell body can be folded like a bean pod is wrapped by beans and combined into an independent outer package (cage).
5. The deep sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology of claim 1, characterized in that: the controllable decomposition method is an environmental decompression mining method, one or more well heads and cold springs are enclosed into an independent area by an enclosure, one or more large-flow drainage devices are arranged on the enclosure and used for pumping and discharging seawater in the enclosure, the pumping and discharging speed of the seawater in the enclosure is adjusted, the discharged speed is high, the supplemented speed is low, the water pressure of the well head area in the enclosure is reduced to a certain value, the hydrate ore bed in the high-pressure environment is quickly decomposed due to the reduction of the environmental pressure, methane gas is sprayed out from the well heads and the cold spring holes in a large amount along with fluid in a bubble form, and the quickly floating methane bubbles are collected by an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above the enclosure; by adjusting the speed of pumping and draining, the required low pressure is dynamically created for the area, thereby realizing the control of the decomposition speed of the hydrate in the ore bed.
6. The deep sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology of claim 1, characterized in that: the controllable decomposition method is a jet flow decompression exploitation method, is suitable for single well mouth exploitation, decompresses the mineral bed in the well through a specially-made high-pressure water jet device connected to the well mouth, sucks fluid in the well through strong negative pressure formed by a special high-flow and high-speed jet pump during working, and ejects the fluid at a high speed in the well mouth area, silt and impurities in the fluid naturally sink after being ejected, only a large amount of methane bubbles and fresh water with low specific gravity naturally rise and are collected by an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) above the well mouth, and the speed of hydrate decomposition is completed by dynamically adjusting the power of the jet pump.
7. The deep sea combustible ice mining and safe storage and transportation technology of claim 1, characterized in that: the controllable decomposition method is a heating decomposition method, and utilizes the characteristics of long half-life period and continuous heating of the spent fuel (nuclear waste), a container for shielding nuclear radiation is used for containing the spent fuel and is used as a heat source for decomposing hydrate in a seabed ore bed, and decomposed methane gas (bubbles) is collected by an underwater gas collecting hood (pocket) arranged above a well mouth. The heating decomposition control of the hydrate can be completed only by adjusting the distance between a spent fuel heat source and an ore bed.
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| CN202110508351.3A CN113187444A (en) | 2021-05-08 | 2021-05-08 | Mining and safe storage and transportation technology of deep-sea combustible ice |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116654161A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-08-29 | 山东大学 | Bionic underwater unmanned aircraft |
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Application publication date: 20210730 |