CN113186387B - Heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welding joint - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN113186387B CN113186387B CN202110411686.3A CN202110411686A CN113186387B CN 113186387 B CN113186387 B CN 113186387B CN 202110411686 A CN202110411686 A CN 202110411686A CN 113186387 B CN113186387 B CN 113186387B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
- C21D9/505—Cooling thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of a repair welding joint of Mg-Y-RE alloy, which comprises the following steps: before repair welding, the Mg-Y-RE alloy part to be repaired and welded is subjected to high-temperature solution treatment for a long time in advance; and then completing repair welding, carrying out short-time low-temperature solution treatment on the repair welding joint, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment. The heat treatment method can effectively inhibit abnormal coarsening of crystal grains in a repair welding area under the condition of long-term high-temperature solution treatment after repair welding of the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting, is favorable for improving the mechanical property of the repair welding joint of the Mg-Y-RE alloy, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material forming, and relates to a heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of a repair welding joint of Mg-Y-RE alloy. Particularly, the abnormal coarsening phenomenon of crystal grains in a repair welding area caused by long-term high-temperature solution treatment after welding can be effectively avoided through the application of the method.
Background
The magnesium-rare earth alloy is used as a novel light structural material and has the performance advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good machinability, strong electromagnetic shielding capability and the like. The structural components such as an engine case, a missile cabin body, a satellite bracket and the like prepared from the magnesium rare earth alloy are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, national defense war industry and the like, and make important contribution to the light weight of relevant key equipment. The Mg-Y-RE alloy is a magnesium rare earth alloy with the highest degree of commercialization at present. In industrial production, most of large structural parts of Mg-Y-RE alloy are produced by a sand casting process, but because of the strong activity of rare earth elements and the defects of the sand casting process, the Mg-Y-RE alloy sand casting is easy to have the defects of oxide inclusion, air holes, sand inclusion, cracks and the like, and usually needs to be repaired by a repair welding process, so that the yield is improved, and the production cost is reduced. At present, the repair welding process of the magnesium rare earth alloy is mainly tungsten argon arc welding (TIG welding) mainly because the TIG welding can be manually operated, so that the repair welding method has unique technical advantages when repairing more complex parts such as cambered surfaces, inner cavities and the like.
And some problems still exist when the TIG welding is adopted to repair the Mg-Y-RE alloy sand casting. First, since TIG welding has a large heat input and a continuously coarse eutectic structure exists in a sand-cast Mg-Y-RE alloy, the eutectic structure with a low melting point near a weld line undergoes reverse eutectic transformation under the high welding temperature to form a liquid film having a eutectic composition at a grain boundary. During the cooling process after the completion of repair welding, the weldment may undergo solidification shrinkage. Therefore, welding hot cracks can be initiated from the liquid films with extremely low strength, and the success rate of repair welding is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to perform pre-welding solution treatment on the Mg-Y-RE alloy to-be-welded piece before repair welding, so as to reduce the content of eutectic structures, and the repair welded joint is different from the conventional welded joint for connection. This is because the volume of the molten pool in the repair welding area is small, and the whole repair welding process has the characteristics of 'quick heating and quick cooling', so the residual stress of the fusion area of the repair welding joint is much larger than that of the traditional fusion welding seam. After repair welding, the joint is usually subjected to post-welding solid solution and aging treatment to further improve the mechanical properties of the joint. The literature search shows that the influence of heat treatment on the WE43 alloy structure and mechanical property (Chinese casting equipment and technology 2013; 04: pp 36-39) describes the heat treatment process of the as-cast WE43 magnesium alloy, and because the eutectic structure in the alloy has high melting point and content, the alloy needs to be kept at 520 ℃ for a long time to be completely dissolved during solution treatment. However, for the Mg-Y-RE repair welded joint, because the residual stress in the fusion zone of the repair welded joint is extremely large, the structural distortion performance is high, a large amount of residual stress can be released in the conventional post-welding long-time high-temperature solution treatment process of the weld zone, the recrystallization and abnormal coarsening of recrystallized grains can occur, the size of the abnormally coarsened grains reaches the millimeter level, as shown in fig. 1 in the attached drawing of the specification, the mechanical property of the repair welded joint is seriously weakened. Therefore, post-weld heat treatment of Mg-Y-RE alloy repair-welded joints using conventional high temperature solution treatment is not feasible.
In conclusion, the problem of how to inhibit abnormal coarsening of crystal grains in the high-temperature heat treatment process after welding of the Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welding joint is a difficult problem to be solved urgently. Therefore, the base material is subjected to solution treatment before welding before repair welding is performed, so that the content of eutectic structures in the base material can be reduced; and then the concept of avoiding abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of the welding seam by adopting short-time low-temperature solution treatment aiming at the newly formed fine eutectic structures in the fusion zone after repair welding has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the crystal grains of the existing Mg-Y-RE alloy tungsten electrode argon arc repair welding joint are abnormally coarsened in the high-temperature solution treatment process after welding, a novel heat treatment method for inhibiting the crystal grains of the Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welding joint from being abnormally coarsened is provided. The invention provides a brand-new solution for the problem that the abnormal coarsening of crystal grains occurs in the post-welding heat treatment process of the Mg-Y-RE repair welding joint.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical problems are solved by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of a repair welding joint of Mg-Y-RE alloy, which comprises the following steps: before repair welding, performing long-time high-temperature solution treatment for 4-6h on the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting to be repaired; then completing repair welding, and carrying out short-time low-temperature solution treatment for 0.5-2h on the obtained repair welding joint; finally, carrying out artificial aging treatment.
Because the solid solubility of rare earth elements in Mg-Y-RE alloy is high, a casting usually contains a large amount of eutectic structures with low melting points, and therefore solid solution before welding is necessary to reduce the content of the eutectic structures in a parent metal. On the other hand, because the cooling speed of the molten pool is very high in the repair welding process, the eutectic structure of the part of the area is usually fine, and the complete dissolution can be promoted only by short solid solution time. In order to avoid the problem of abnormal coarsening of crystal grains in a repair welding area caused by long-time solid solution after welding, the invention provides a new concept of heat treatment of a Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welding joint, which combines long-time high-temperature solid solution treatment before welding with short-time low-temperature solid solution treatment after welding.
Preferably, the solid solution temperature of the long-term high-temperature solid solution treatment is 520-540 ℃.
Preferably, the solid solution temperature of the short-time low-temperature solid solution treatment is 460-480 ℃.
Preferably, the aging temperature of the low-temperature artificial aging treatment is 220-250 ℃, and the aging time is 12-18 h.
Because the cooling speed of a molten pool is extremely high in the repair welding process, a large number of fine isometric crystals with higher distortion degree are formed in a repair welding area, the problem of abnormal coarsening of crystal grains is easily caused under the condition of conventional long-time and high-temperature solution treatment after welding, the mechanical property of a repair welding joint is greatly reduced, and the problem cannot be caused in the solution treatment process in a shorter time; in addition, the eutectic structure formed in the repair weld zone under rapid cooling conditions is generally fine and requires only a short solution treatment.
Preferably, the heating device for high-temperature solution treatment is a box-type resistance furnace, and the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting to be subjected to repair welding is placed in pyrite for protection; the heating device for aging treatment is an oil bath furnace. The pyrite is decomposed in the high-temperature solution treatment process, and can play a role in protecting Mg-Y-RE alloy parts and preventing oxidation.
Preferably, the step of cooling is carried out after the high-temperature solution treatment, the low-temperature solution treatment and the artificial aging treatment, and the cooling mode is that the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting or the repair welding joint is placed in water at the temperature of 20-70 ℃ for quenching.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the method, the long-time high-temperature solution treatment is carried out on the piece to be welded before repair welding, so that a coarse continuous eutectic structure in a base material is reduced, the solid solubility of alloy elements in the base material can be increased through the solution treatment before welding, and the difficulty of the solution treatment after welding is reduced.
2) The solidification speed of the molten pool is extremely high in the repair welding process, fine isometric crystals with large distortion degree are formed in a repair welding area, and abnormal coarsening of crystal grains is easy to occur.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a metallographic microscopic image of a repaired joint in comparative example 4 after completion of heat treatment;
FIG. 2 shows a metallographic microscopic image of a repair-welded joint in example 1 after heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the invention. All falling within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Taking Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr (wt%) magnesium rare earth alloy low-pressure sand casting as an example (wt% refers to the percentage of the components in the total mass of the prepared magnesium rare earth alloy), repair welding is carried out by argon tungsten-arc welding.
Before repair welding, performing long-time high-temperature solution treatment on a magnesium rare earth alloy part to be welded at 520 ℃ for 6 hours, then performing repair welding (the components of a welding wire are consistent with those of a base metal), and performing short-time low-temperature solution treatment and artificial aging treatment on a repair welding joint after the repair welding is completed, wherein the short-time low-temperature solution treatment temperature is 460 ℃, the time is 0.5 hour, the artificial aging temperature is 220 ℃, and the time is 18 hours.
The heating device for solution treatment is a box-type resistance furnace, and Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded pieces are placed in pyrite for protection; the heating device used for the low-temperature aging treatment is an oil bath furnace. Quenching and cooling are carried out after high-temperature solution treatment, low-temperature solution treatment and low-temperature aging treatment, and the mode is that the magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded piece or repair welding joint is placed in water at 20 ℃ for quenching.
Under the condition, the repair welding joint is well formed; and sampling and testing the repair welding area after the heat treatment, and finding that the problem of abnormal coarsening of crystal grains does not occur in the repair welding area, wherein the size of the crystal grains is about 100 mu m and belongs to the range of normal growth of the crystal grains in the heat treatment process. The tensile strength of the repair welding joint reaches 163 percent of that of the Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr low-pressure sand casting, the elongation reaches 108 percent of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is met. The metallographic microscopic image of the repair welded joint of example 1 after heat treatment is shown in fig. 2.
Example 2
Taking Mg-5Y-2.5Nd-1.5Gd-0.7Zr (wt%) magnesium rare earth alloy low-pressure sand casting as an example (wt% refers to the percentage of the components in the total mass of the prepared magnesium rare earth alloy), repair welding is carried out through argon tungsten-arc welding.
Before repair welding, performing long-time high-temperature solution treatment on a magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded piece at 530 ℃ for 5 hours, then performing repair welding (the components of a welding wire are consistent with those of a base material), and performing short-time low-temperature solution treatment and artificial aging treatment on a repair welded joint after the repair welding is completed, wherein the short-time low-temperature solution treatment temperature is 470 ℃, the time is 1 hour, the artificial aging treatment temperature is 240 ℃, and the time is 15 hours.
The heating device for solution treatment is a box-type resistance furnace, and Mg-5Y-2.5Nd-1.5Gd-0.7Zr magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded pieces are placed in pyrite for protection; the heating device used for the low-temperature aging treatment is an oil bath furnace. Quenching and cooling are carried out after high-temperature solution treatment, low-temperature solution treatment and low-temperature aging treatment, and the mode is that the magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded piece or repair welding joint is placed in water at 50 ℃ for quenching.
Under the condition, the repair welding joint is well formed; after the heat treatment, the repair welding area is sampled and tested, the problem that the grains are abnormally coarsened in the repair welding area is found, the size of the grains is about 90 mu m, the grains belong to the range of normal growth of the grains in the heat treatment process, the tensile strength of the repair welding joint reaches 159 percent of that of Mg-5Y-2.5Nd-1.5Gd-0.7Zr low-pressure sand casting, the elongation reaches 109 percent of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is met.
Example 3
Taking Mg-6Y-3Nd-2Gd-1Zr (wt%) magnesium rare earth alloy low-pressure sand casting as an example (wt% refers to the percentage of the components in the total mass of the prepared magnesium rare earth alloy), repair welding is carried out through argon tungsten-arc welding.
Before repair welding, long-time high-temperature solution treatment is carried out on a magnesium rare earth alloy part to be welded for 4 hours at 540 ℃, then repair welding (the components of a welding wire are consistent with those of a base metal) is carried out, and short-time low-temperature solution treatment and artificial aging treatment are carried out on a repair welding joint after repair welding is finished, wherein the short-time low-temperature solution treatment temperature is 480 ℃, the time is 2 hours, the artificial aging temperature is 250 ℃, and the time is 12 hours.
The heating device for solution treatment is a box-type resistance furnace, and Mg-6Y-3Nd-2Gd-1Zr magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded pieces are placed in pyrite for protection; the heating device used for the low-temperature aging treatment is an oil bath furnace. Quenching and cooling are carried out after high-temperature solution treatment, low-temperature solution treatment and low-temperature aging treatment, and the mode is that the magnesium rare earth alloy to-be-welded piece or repair welding joint is placed in water at 70 ℃ for quenching.
Under the condition, the repair welding joint is well formed; after the heat treatment, the repair welding area is sampled and tested, the problem that the grains are abnormally coarsened in the repair welding area is found, the size of the grains is about 70 mu m, the repair welding area belongs to the range that the grains normally grow in the heat treatment process, the tensile strength of the repair welding joint reaches 171 percent of that of a Mg-6Y-3Nd-2Gd-1Zr low-pressure sand casting, the elongation reaches 113 percent of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is met.
Comparative example 1
The repair welding process and the casting components of the comparative example are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the long-time high-temperature solution treatment before welding is removed in the heat treatment process.
After all the processes are finished, sampling and testing are carried out on the repair welding joint, the grain size is about 60 mu m, and the method belongs to the range of normal grain growth in the heat treatment process. But the tensile strength of the welding head is only 103 percent of that of the low-pressure sand casting, the elongation rate reaches 96 percent of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is not met.
Because the long-time high-temperature solution treatment is not carried out on the piece to be welded before repair welding, the eutectic structure in the base metal is overburnt and forms a thick and continuous appearance in the repair welding process, and the eutectic structure in the heat affected zone and the base metal can only be partially dissolved in the short-time low-temperature solution treatment after welding, so that the effect of aging strengthening is greatly reduced, and the performance of the joint cannot reach the standard.
Comparative example 2
The repair welding process and the casting components of the comparative example are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: before welding, the alloy is subjected to solution treatment for 6 hours at 510 ℃.
After all the processes are finished, the repair welding joint is subjected to sampling test, the grain size is about 60 mu m, and the method belongs to the range of normal grain growth in the heat treatment process. But the tensile strength of the welding head is only 112 percent of that of the low-pressure sand casting, the elongation rate reaches 89 percent of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is not met.
Because the temperature of the solution treatment before repair welding is lower, the coarse eutectic structures in the as-cast parent metal can not be effectively dissolved, and in addition, the solution effect in the short-time low-temperature solution treatment process after welding is also poorer, the effect of aging strengthening is greatly reduced, and the performance of the joint cannot reach the standard.
Comparative example 3
The repair welding process and the casting components of the comparative example are basically the same as those of the example 1, except that: before welding, the solution treatment is carried out for 12 hours at 520 ℃.
After all the processes are finished, sampling and testing are carried out on the repair welding joint, the grain size is about 150 mu m, and the method belongs to the range of normal grain growth in the heat treatment process. But the tensile strength of the welding head is only 145 percent of that of the low-pressure sand casting, the elongation rate reaches 107 percent of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is not met.
Because the time of solution treatment before repair welding is too long, although coarse eutectic structures in the as-cast base metal are effectively dissolved, crystal grains also grow in a high-temperature environment, and the performance of a welding head is reduced.
Comparative example 4
The repair welding process and the casting components of the comparative example are basically the same as those of the example 3, and the differences are that: after welding, the alloy is subjected to solution treatment for 2 hours at 500 ℃.
After all the processes are finished, the formation of a joint repair welding area is found to be good, the repair welding joint area is sampled and tested, and a large amount of abnormally coarsened crystal grains exist in the repair welding area, and the size of the abnormally coarsened crystal grains reaches more than 500 mu m. And the tensile strength of the welding head reaches 119% of that of a low-pressure sand casting, the elongation reaches 71% of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is not met. A metallographic microscopic image of the repair-welded joint of comparative example 4 after heat treatment is shown in fig. 1.
In the comparative example, after repair welding, high-temperature short-time solid solution treatment is carried out, and abnormal coarsening of crystal grains in a repair welding area occurs, so that the plasticity of a repair welding joint is seriously influenced.
Comparative example 5
The repair welding process and the casting components of the comparative example are basically the same as those of the example 3, and the differences are that: after welding, the alloy is subjected to solution treatment for 4 hours at 480 ℃.
After the whole process is finished, a large number of abnormally coarsened crystal grains with the size of more than 400 mu m exist in the repair welding area. And sampling and testing the repair welding joint area, wherein the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 96% of that of a low-pressure sand casting, the elongation reaches 87% of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is not met.
In the long-term low-temperature solution treatment process after welding, the problem of abnormal coarsening of fine equiaxed crystals with larger distortion energy in a repair welding area can occur, and the mechanical property of a repair welding joint is seriously influenced.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of a repair welding joint of Mg-Y-RE alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: before repair welding, performing long-time high-temperature solution treatment for 4-6h on the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting to be repaired; then completing repair welding, and carrying out short-time low-temperature solution treatment on the obtained repair welding joint for 0.5-2 h; finally, low-temperature artificial aging treatment is carried out;
the solid solution temperature of the long-term high-temperature solid solution treatment is 520-540 ℃;
the solid solution temperature of the short-time low-temperature solid solution treatment is 460-480 ℃;
before repair welding, the base material is subjected to solution treatment before welding, so that the content of eutectic structures in the base material can be reduced; and then, aiming at a fine eutectic structure newly formed in a fusion zone after repair welding, short-time low-temperature solution treatment is adopted to avoid abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of the welding seam.
2. The heat treatment method for inhibiting the abnormal coarsening of the crystal grains of the repair welded joint of the Mg-Y-RE alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aging temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 220-250 ℃, and the aging time is 12-18 h.
3. The heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of the crystal grains of the Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welding joint according to the claim 1, characterized in that the heating device for high-temperature solution treatment is a box type resistance furnace, and the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting to be repair welded is placed in pyrite for protection; the heating device for the low-temperature aging treatment is an oil bath furnace.
4. The heat treatment method for inhibiting abnormal coarsening of crystal grains of a Mg-Y-RE alloy repair welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps of cooling are carried out after the high-temperature solution treatment, the low-temperature solution treatment and the artificial aging treatment, and the cooling is carried out by putting the Mg-Y-RE alloy casting or the repair welded joint into water at 20-70 ℃ for quenching.
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