CN113186374A - High-temperature adjacent metal heat treatment device and method - Google Patents
High-temperature adjacent metal heat treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113186374A CN113186374A CN202110477485.3A CN202110477485A CN113186374A CN 113186374 A CN113186374 A CN 113186374A CN 202110477485 A CN202110477485 A CN 202110477485A CN 113186374 A CN113186374 A CN 113186374A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to metal heat treatment, and discloses a high-temperature adjacent metal heat treatment device and method. The device comprises an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate which are oppositely arranged, wherein the materials of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are both joule heat materials, a workpiece to be processed is placed between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, after current is introduced into the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are rapidly heated and transmit the temperature to the heat processing part, and after the current is cut off, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are rapidly cooled, so that the temperature in the workpiece to be processed is reduced, and the heat processing of the workpiece to be processed is realized. In the heat treatment process, the processes of atomic diffusion, phase transformation, grain growth and the like all accord with the thermal activation process, faster reaction kinetics can be provided through the method, exponential shortening of heat treatment time is realized, and the heat treatment method which has the advantages of high speed, low energy consumption and capability of accurately controlling and obtaining the required metal material performance is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to metal heat treatment, and particularly relates to a high-temperature adjacent metal heat treatment device and method.
Background
The heat treatment is a process of heating a metal material to a target temperature at a certain rate, preserving heat for a certain time, and cooling the metal material to normal temperature or lower at a certain rate in a medium so as to regulate and control the microstructure and the performance of the material. The heat treatment is a crucial part in the development and application process of the metal structural part, and the microstructure of the material can be adjusted by reasonably and skillfully designing a heat treatment system, so that excellent performance is obtained, various special applications can be met, and the safety and the service life are well guaranteed.
The core control factors of the heat treatment are: heating mode and speed, heat preservation time, cooling mode and speed, heat treatment system mode and times and the like. For example, steel No. 45 generally needs to be quenched and tempered, i.e., a heat treatment process of quenching and tempering, in which (1) quenching: heating the No. 45 steel to 800 ℃ at a speed of about 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, and then quenching in water to realize ultra-fast cooling quenching treatment; (2) tempering: after quenching, the No. 45 steel is heated to 500 ℃ at the speed of about 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 20 minutes to 2 hours, and then the steel is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, thus finishing the tempering process. The performance of the No. 45 steel subjected to quenching and tempering is greatly improved, and the steel has excellent mechanical strength and toughness.
The traditional metal heat treatment is generally carried out in an electric resistance furnace, and the heat treatment process of the metal material is realized by a heating furnace body. The resistance furnace has the defects of slow temperature rise and fall rate (generally 5-10 ℃/min), high temperature limit (generally <1200 ℃), large energy consumption (>100kW) and the like, so that the metal heat treatment is generally carried out in a slow mode, generally takes several hours or even days, not only spends huge time and energy consumption cost, but also has limited adjustable range and mode of the heat treatment, and further improvement of the performance of the metal material is hindered. High-frequency induction heating, laser heating and current heating are emerging rapid heating technologies, and all of the technologies have the advantages of energy concentration, high heating speed and the like. However, high-frequency induction heating and current heating have requirements on the properties and the shapes of materials to be processed, and special clamps are required, so that laser heating is high in energy consumption and is not suitable for wide application. These techniques achieve rapid heat treatment of a single workpiece, but none have batch processing capability. The invention patent with publication number CN112094995A heats the metal material by directly electrifying the metal material, but the excellent conductivity of the metal material usually results in very undesirable heating effect and large power consumption, high vacuum is required for protection, and the safety and easy operability of the equipment are very challenging. Secondly, the metal part must be prepared into a special shape to ensure contact with the positive and negative electrodes and good heating effect, and the heat treatment effect of the contact part is not good enough. Thirdly, because the high vacuum is directly electrified and heated, only one sample can be processed at a time, and the batch processing can not be realized. Therefore, it is an urgent need to find a new metal heat treatment technology that can heat rapidly, has wide applicability, and has good batch treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature adjacent metal heat treatment device and method, which utilize adjacent heat radiation to heat metal materials for high-temperature rapid heat treatment, provide a heat treatment method with high speed, low energy consumption and accurate control on obtaining the required metal material performance, and have wide applicability and good batch treatment effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, according to the invention, the device comprises an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate which are oppositely arranged, wherein the structural materials of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are both joule heating materials, a workpiece to be processed is placed between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, after current is introduced into the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are quickly heated and transmit the temperature to the heat processing part, and after the current is cut off, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are quickly cooled so that the temperature in the workpiece to be processed is reduced, thereby realizing the heat processing of the workpiece to be processed.
Further preferably, the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate and the workpiece is less than or equal to 10mm, the distance can be adjusted according to the height of the workpiece to be processed, and more polar plates can be arranged around the workpiece for uniform heating if necessary.
Further preferably, the material of the workpiece to be treated is a single metal, an alloy or a metal matrix composite.
Further preferably, the joule heating material used has a temperature rise rate in the range of 103～105The temperature reduction rate is 10 ℃/s-10 DEG C4DEG C/s; the cooling may also be performed by an active cooling method, such as placing the workpiece in a medium such as ventilation air, liquid nitrogen, or cooling liquid, or a heat conduction and transfer device to increase the cooling rate.
Further preferably, the joule heating material is a carbon and carbon composite or a conductive ceramic, conductive metal.
Further preferably, one or more workpieces to be treated can be placed in the heat treatment device at a time, so that heat treatment of one or more parts can be realized.
Further preferably, the temperature range of the rapid temperature rise of the upper and lower polar plates is 300-3000 ℃.
A method for heat treatment using the heat treatment apparatus described above, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing the workpiece to be processed between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate of the heat treatment device;
s2, current is led between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, so that the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are heated rapidly, heat is transferred to the workpiece to be processed through heat conduction, and rapid heating of the workpiece to be processed is achieved;
and S3, cutting off the power supply, so that the upper and lower polar plates are rapidly cooled, and the workpiece to be processed is also rapidly cooled, thereby realizing the heat treatment process of the workpiece to be processed.
It is further preferable that the steps S1-S3 are repeated a plurality of times, thereby realizing the heat treatment process and improving the heat treatment effect.
Further preferably, the current is direct current or alternating current, and the atmosphere of the heat treatment is inert atmosphere or air.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is realized by realizing the second level (10)3～105Rapid temperature rise, can rise to 3000 ℃ and rise from top to bottomThe processing time is shortened in the two aspects of the temperature process and the processing time of the metal workpiece; the method has the advantages that the rapid, accurate and large-range adjustable radiation heat treatment technology is realized, meanwhile, the maximum temperature is greater than or equal to 3000 ℃, the limitation of the existing small-range heat treatment is broken through, the regulation and optimization of the material performance in a wider range are realized, and in the heat treatment process, the processes of atomic diffusion, phase transformation, grain growth and the like all accord with the thermal activation process, so that faster reaction kinetics can be provided through high temperature, and exponential shortening of the heat treatment time is realized;
2. according to the invention, the polar plates made of joule materials are adopted to heat the polar plates, the workpiece to be processed is arranged between the polar plates, so that the heat conduction process close to the joule materials is realized, the whole or local heat treatment is realized, the damage of the metal materials caused by directly heating the metal materials is avoided, and the performance differentiation processing of different positions in different areas of the workpiece is realized through the refined controllable heat treatment process so as to adapt to different use environments;
3. according to the invention, through high-flux or continuous online heat treatment, because the heating time is short and the workpiece does not need to be fixed, the online heat treatment is directly carried out while the workpiece is manufactured, and special heat treatment equipment and process design are avoided, so that the time cost and energy consumption are further greatly reduced, and the energy-saving manufacturing process is promoted; in addition, the processing speed is high, so that high-throughput batch data acquisition and research are facilitated, and rapid parameter exploration and data-driven intelligent optimization are realized, so that the optimization and intelligent deletion process of a heat treatment process are greatly accelerated, and materials with excellent performance are obtained while rapid energy-saving heat treatment is performed, and the required performance is finely regulated and controlled; the workpiece to be treated has no special requirement, and the rapid heat treatment can be realized only by placing the conveyor belt into the workpiece to be treated, so that the batch rapid heat treatment of the workpiece can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a high temperature, close proximity metal heat treatment apparatus constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention for heat treating a plurality of workpieces;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a high temperature close proximity metal heat treatment apparatus constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of energy consumption and time comparison between a rapid thermal process constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a conventional thermal process;
FIG. 4 is a graph of temperature versus reaction rate constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for heat treating high temperature proximate metals constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a high temperature close proximity metal heat treatment apparatus, which comprises an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate which are oppositely arranged, wherein the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are made of joule heating materials, a workpiece to be treated is placed between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, after current is applied to the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are rapidly heated and transmit the temperature to a heat treatment part, and after the current is cut off, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are rapidly cooled, so that the temperature in the workpiece to be treated is reduced, thereby realizing the heat treatment of the workpiece to be treated.
As shown in fig. 5, the heat treatment process of the present invention comprises: (1) placing the metal workpiece in a heating device; (2) electrifying the ear heating material to rapidly heat up; (3) carrying out short-time heat preservation at the required temperature; (4) cooling by changing the size of the introduced current and a medium cooling mode; (5) if necessary, repeating the steps of heating, heat preservation, cooling and the like; (6) finally, cooling to room temperature to obtain the metal workpiece with the required performance.
Preferably, the material selected for electrical heating is not particularly limited, including but not limited to carbon and carbon composites, conductive ceramics, and other joule heating materials of suitable electrical resistance. Among them, carbon materials are particularly suitable, notIs only cheap and easily available and can be heated rapidly under an inert atmosphere (10)5To over 3000 ℃ at a temperature of 10℃/s) and a cooling rate of 10 DEG C4The temperature is in the order of DEG C/s, and extremely high heat treatment temperature and an extremely large temperature rise and fall speed range can be provided.
Preferably, the energizing mode can be direct current or alternating current, or a combination of the direct current and the alternating current, and only a certain voltage and a certain magnitude of current need to be provided to realize the energizing heating.
Preferably, the magnitude of the current can be adjusted according to the resistance of the joule heating material to achieve different temperature and temperature rise and fall rate controls.
Preferably, the heat treatment time can be controlled by controlling the speed of the conveyor and the width of the plate.
Preferably, the heat treatment environment may be an inert atmosphere or air, and is selected according to the conditions of the joule heating material and the heat-treated workpiece, and if the joule heating material and the heat-treated workpiece are stable in air at high temperature, the treatment may be performed in air; if the workpiece being treated is susceptible to oxidation at high temperatures, it may be carried out in an inert atmosphere.
Preferably, the heat treatment time and process flow can be adjusted and designed according to the properties of the metal workpiece required.
Preferably, the radiation heating area can be designed according to requirements, and the radiation heating area comprises modes of carrying out overall workpiece or local heating and the like.
Preferably, the workpieces may be processed one at a time or multiple at a time, and may be fed into the heating zone for high throughput or continuous in-line heat treatment by continuous transport.
Preferably, the device can expand a plurality of sections of heating areas and cooling areas to realize the completion of the heat treatment conditions contained in the workpiece heat treatment system through one process.
Preferably, the data obtained by the rapid thermal processing can be combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques for intelligent prediction and optimization of thermal processing and workpiece performance.
As shown in fig. 3, the high temperature close proximity metal heat treatment apparatus of the present invention can achieve rapid temperature rise and temperature fall, for example, the whole process can be controlled within 120s when the workpiece is subjected to heat treatment at 1700 ℃ for 60 s; if the heat treatment is carried out by using a traditional resistance furnace, the whole process needs more than 5 hours, and the traditional resistance furnace is difficult to reach 1700 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 4, during the heat treatment, the processes of atomic diffusion, phase transition, grain growth, etc. all conform to the thermal activation process, and the principle conforms to the Arrhenius equation reflecting the relationship between the chemical reaction rate constant and the temperature
I.e. at the same reaction energy barrier EaThe higher the temperature T, the higher the reaction constant k increases exponentially, so that the time required for the reaction decreases exponentially.
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: and (3) tempering the No. 45 steel, namely placing the quenching raw material of the No. 45 steel between the joule heating pole plates of the typical device diagram shown in figure 3, electrifying and heating the pole plates to 725 ℃, preserving heat for 10s, and taking out the workpiece to finish the high-temperature tempering process of the No. 45 steel, wherein the obtained tempered No. 45 steel has the performance consistent with that of the heat treatment of the traditional electric furnace.
Example 2: aging treatment of aluminum alloy, namely placing a 7000 series aluminum alloy blank between Joule heating plates of a typical device diagram shown in figure 3, electrifying and heating the plates to 425 ℃, preserving heat for 10s, and then taking out a workpiece, namely finishing the aging process of the 7000 series aluminum alloy, wherein the obtained 7000 series aluminum alloy has the strength consistent with that of the traditional electric furnace heat treatment.
Example 3: and (3) performing solid solution strengthening on the titanium alloy, namely placing an annealing raw material TC4 of the titanium alloy between Joule heating plates of a typical device diagram shown in figure 3, electrifying and heating the plates to 725 ℃, preserving heat for 10s, and taking out the workpieces to finish the solid solution strengthening process of the titanium alloy TC4, wherein the obtained TC4 titanium alloy has the strength consistent with that of the traditional electric furnace heat treatment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature is close to metal heat treatment device, its characterized in that, the device includes two upper and lower polar plates of relative setting, and wherein, the material of two upper and lower polar plate structures is the joule heat material, and the work piece of treating is placed between two upper and lower polar plates, and after the upper and lower two polar plates lets in the electric current, this upper and lower polar plate rapid heating up to transmit the temperature for heat treatment part, after the disconnection electric current, this upper and lower polar plate rapid cooling for the temperature drops in the work piece of treating, with this realization heat treatment of work piece of treating.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the distance between the upper and lower plates and the workpiece is less than or equal to 10 mm.
3. A high temperature close proximity metal heat treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the material of the workpiece to be treated is a single metal, alloy or metal matrix composite.
4. A high temperature proximate metal heat treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joule heating material used has a rate of temperature rise in the range of 103℃/s～105The temperature reduction rate is 10 ℃/s-10 DEG C4℃/s。
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the joule heating material is carbon and carbon composite, conductive ceramic or conductive metal.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 or 5, wherein the temperature range of the rapid temperature rise of the upper and lower plates is 300 ℃ to 3000 ℃.
7. A high temperature close proximity metal heat treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the heat treatment apparatus is capable of placing one or more workpieces to be treated at a time to effect heat treatment of one or more parts.
8. A method for heat treatment using the heat treatment apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
s1, placing the workpiece to be processed between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate of the heat treatment device;
s2, current is led between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, so that the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are heated rapidly, heat is transferred to the workpiece to be processed through heat conduction, and rapid heating of the workpiece to be processed is achieved;
and S3, cutting off the power supply, so that the upper and lower polar plates are rapidly cooled, and the workpiece to be processed is also rapidly cooled, thereby realizing the heat treatment process of the workpiece to be processed.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the steps S1-S3 are repeated a plurality of times to achieve a heat treatment process to improve the heat treatment effect.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the applied current is direct current or alternating current, and the atmosphere of the heat treatment is inert atmosphere or air.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113832423A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-24 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Local heat treatment method for thin-wall titanium alloy structure |
| CN114335785A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 华中科技大学 | Method for efficiently regenerating graphite cathode |
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