CN113186056A

CN113186056A - Solid state fermentation device and solid state fermentation method

Info

Publication number: CN113186056A
Application number: CN202110425704.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘小刚; 吴杨昊天; 兰余; 邓波; 毛健; 王丹; 雷翔云; 邓友辉
Original assignee: Jiangnan University; Luzhou Laojiao Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangnan University; Luzhou Laojiao Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-20
Filing date: 2021-04-20
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-20
Also published as: CN113186056B

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid-state fermentation device, and also relates to a solid-state fermentation method, belonging to the technical field of white spirit brewing. According to the invention, through the structural design of the solid-state fermentation device, the production mode of the traditional pit mud cellar is changed, so that the traditional brewing container becomes an automatic modern fermentation tank, and the automatic modification of brewing fermentation is facilitated; the fermented grains in the upper and lower layers are kept consistent in fermentation quality by circulating the upper and lower parts of the yellow water and alcohol fragrance in the fermentation process, so that the fermented grains in the upper and lower layers are in relatively consistent environmental conditions. Through the control to jar body heat preservation stage nature, be favorable to keeping cellar for storing things mud in suitable fermentation temperature stage, reduce the microbial fermentation process in the external environment influences cellar for storing things mud, promote cellar for storing things mud to give birth to fragrant fermentation. The invention successfully realizes the innovation of the automatic production mode of the traditional mud pit fermentation mode, improves the production automation degree, reduces the labor cost, regulates and controls the uniformity and consistency of fermentation and promotes the stability of the fermentation quality.

Description

Solid state fermentation device and solid state fermentation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a solid-state fermentation device, and also relates to a solid-state fermentation method, belonging to the technical field of white spirit brewing.

Background

The solid state fermentation is a traditional fermentation technology in China, is widely applied to the food fields of white spirit, sauce, vinegar and the like in China, and particularly plays an important role in the white spirit industry in the food industry in China. The traditional white spirit is prepared by mixing grains and yeast to prepare fermented grains, wherein the fermented grains are solid and are filled into a pit for fermentation. Wherein, the Luzhou-flavor liquor occupies more than 70 percent of the liquor market in China, and is accepted and favored by wide-spread consumers. The Luzhou-flavor liquor is prepared by adopting a mud cellar as a fermentation container and sorghum and wheat as raw materials in a traditional solid state fermentation mode, and has a typical Luzhou-flavor style.

With the development of science and technology in recent years, the intelligent, automatic and mechanical transformation of liquor is continuously carried out, a modern liquor making industry base is established for famous liquor enterprises represented by Luzhou Laojiao and the like, and a beginning demonstration effect is played for the upgrading of liquor industry. However, the traditional fermentation pit fermentation still cannot be automatically modified in the industry, and the problems of extensive operation mode, low production efficiency, high labor cost, unstable product quality and the like exist, so that the modernization and the manufacturing upgrade of the white spirit industry are restricted. Meanwhile, for the traditional pit fermentation tank, once the fermented grains are filled, the fermented grains cannot pass subsequent regulation and control measures and can only be naturally fermented, so that the fermentation quality difference of the pit fermentation tanks in different temperature seasons or different workshop places is large. Meanwhile, along with the growth and propagation of microorganisms in the fermentation process, moisture contained in the fermented grains is gradually released and gradually deposited on the lower layer under the action of gravity, and most of alcohol fragrance and low-boiling-point substances generated by the water are accumulated on the upper layer of the fermentation tank under the influence of the internal fermentation temperature. Meanwhile, due to the heat preservation and heat dissipation effects of the traditional pit, the upper and lower layer temperatures and the inner and outer layer temperatures of the traditional pit are different. Therefore, in the traditional pit, the environmental conditions of temperature, moisture, alcohol aroma substrate concentration and the like of the fermented grains at different levels are different, so that the quality of the fermented grains at different positions in the pit is different, the quality of the pits in workshops at different places is also different, and the stability of the product quality and the stable maintenance of the typical style are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a solid state fermentation device which can improve the stability of fermentation quality.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the solid-state fermentation device comprises a cover plate and a fermentation tank, wherein the cover plate is arranged at the top end of the fermentation tank in an openable and closable manner, a sealing connection structure is arranged between the cover plate and the top end of the fermentation tank, a one-way exhaust valve, a spraying device and a vacuum exhaust pipe are arranged on the cover plate, and the vacuum exhaust pipe is connected with a vacuumizing device; the pit mud plate is transversely arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank and comprises a supporting plate with a top groove, the top end surface of the top groove of the supporting plate is sealed by a supporting net, pit mud is filled in a space formed by the top groove of the supporting plate and the supporting net, and the supporting net is supported and fixed by supporting ribs; a filter screen opening is formed in the pit mud plate beside the pit mud filling area, a filter screen is arranged at the filter screen opening, and an inner cavity of the fermentation tank below the pit mud plate is used as a water liquid collecting tank; a gas ejector is arranged above the cellar mud plate; the gas inlet end of the gas ejector is connected with the exhaust end of the vacuumizing device through a pipe valve; the side wall of the fermentation tank body sequentially comprises a pit mud sleeve body, a water-retaining spongy sleeve body and an outer shell from inside to outside, and the water-retaining spongy sleeve body is arranged in an annular cavity between the pit mud sleeve body and the outer shell; the pit mud sleeve body comprises an annular supporting plate positioned on the outer ring side of the pit mud sleeve body and a supporting net positioned on the inner ring side of the pit mud sleeve body, pit mud is filled in a space enclosed by the annular supporting plate and the supporting net, the supporting net is supported and fixed through supporting ribs, and a plurality of water permeable holes are formed in the annular supporting plate; one or more infusion coils are arranged inside the upper end of the water-retaining sponge sleeve body, and the infusion coils are provided with a liquid supplementing pipe; the bottom of the water liquid collecting tank is provided with a water outlet pipe valve, the other end of the water outlet pipe valve is connected to the water inlet end of the water pump, the water outlet end of the water pump is respectively connected to the water outlet pipe valve and the circulating pipe valve, the water outlet end of the circulating pipe valve is connected with a first branch pipe valve and a second branch pipe valve, the water outlet end of the first branch pipe valve is connected to the liquid supplementing pipe of the liquid conveying coil pipe, and the water outlet end of the second branch pipe valve is connected to the spraying device.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the water inlet end of the second branch pipe valve is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe and a third pipe valve.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: a sealing connection structure is formed between the cover plate and the top end of the fermentation tank through a sealing ring; the side wall of the fermentation tank is provided with a temperature detector.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the bottom end of the fermentation tank is of an open structure and is sealed and closed through a bottom cover groove, and the bottom cover groove is opened and closed through a connecting device; the cellar mud plate is arranged in the groove body of the bottom cover groove.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the cover plate is provided with a lifting device which is arranged on the horizontal displacement mechanism.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder is cylindrical, hoisting device includes the lifter, the end of lifter is provided with the connecting plate, the connecting plate has group crowded device through bolted connection, it includes fixed baseplate to dial crowded device, the last rotary rod that rotates the setting that is provided with of fixed baseplate, the rotary rod sets up with the fermentation cylinder coaxial line, the upper end of rotary rod sets drives its pivoted actuating mechanism, the lower extreme of rotary rod is connected with a set of arc pressure guide plate, the arc pressure guide plate sets up the both sides at the rotary rod, the central line of arc pressure guide plate is arranged for the axis slope of rotary rod.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder is cylindrical, hoisting device includes the lifter, the end of lifter is provided with the connecting plate, the connecting plate has cleaning device through bolted connection, cleaning device includes fixed baseplate, the last rotary rod that rotates the setting that is provided with of fixed baseplate, the rotary rod sets up with the fermentation cylinder coaxial line, the upper end of rotary rod sets drives its pivoted actuating mechanism, the lower extreme of rotary rod is connected with the dead lever, the both ends of dead lever are connected with the brush cleaner, the axis of dead lever is arranged for the axis slope of rotary rod.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the shell body is internally provided with a heat preservation cavity, and the outer side wall of the shell body is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the heat preservation cavity.

On the basis of the solid state fermentation device, the invention also provides a solid state fermentation method, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, closing a bottom cover groove and a fermentation tank through a connecting device before fermentation if the bottom end of the fermentation tank is of an open structure;

step two, delivering the brewed yellow water of the previous round into a water-retaining sponge sleeve body of a fermentation tank through a first branch pipe valve, and keeping the brewed yellow water in a water-absorbing state;

filling the solid grains to be fermented into the fermentation tank, performing filling in a mode of filling in times, compacting after filling a set amount of grains each time, then filling the grains again, and performing the circulation operation until the grains to be fermented are completely filled; if the stirring and extruding device is arranged, the stirring and extruding device is adopted to perform pressing in real time, and the filling amount of the grain residue each time is 1/10-1/5 of the volume capacity of the fermentation tank;

step four, mounting the cover plate on the upper part of the fermentation tank to form a closed structure; starting a vacuum exhaust pipe, starting a vacuumizing device to internally exhaust and reduce pressure, and enabling the vacuum degree in the tank to reach 5% -20% according to different temperature of the environment outside the tank body, wherein the vacuum degree is low when the temperature of the environment outside the tank body is low, and the vacuum degree is high when the temperature of the environment outside the tank body is high;

step five, opening a water outlet pipe valve every 5-10 days in the middle and later stages of fermentation along with the progress of fermentation, starting a water pump to convey the brewed yellow water in the water liquid collecting tank to a spraying device below the cover plate, and spraying the brewed yellow water on the fermented grains at the top of the fermentation tank; opening a first branch pipe valve every 10-20 days, and conveying a part of brewed yellow water into the water-retaining spongy sleeve body to supplement water for the pit mud sleeve body; if the water inlet end of the second branch pipe valve is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe and a third pipe valve, the third pipe valve is opened every 5-10 days according to the requirement of a fermentation substrate in the middle and later stages of fermentation, and acids or ethanol substances are conveyed into the fermentation tank through a spraying device to promote esterification and aroma generation reaction; when the temperature of the fermented grains in the fermentation tank rises from the initial temperature to the temperature A, the fermentation medium stage is indicated; in the end stage of the middle stage of fermentation, when the temperature of the fermented grains falls back to the temperature B, the fermented grains are shown to enter the later stage of fermentation; the temperature A is 28-30 ℃, and the temperature B is 28-30 ℃;

step six, in the fermentation process, starting a vacuumizing device every 5-10 days, and conveying alcohol fragrance on the upper part of a fermentation tank to a gas ejector above a pit mud plate through a pipe valve;

opening a liquid outlet pipe valve 3-8 days before the fermentation is finished, starting a water pump to discharge yellow water in the water liquid collecting tank, and draining fermented grains in the fermentation tank;

step eight, taking out the vinasse after the fermentation is finished; if the bottom end of the fermentation tank is of an open structure, lifting the cover plate, simultaneously opening the bottom cover groove, and pouring fermented vinasse from the fermentation tank; if the cleaning device is arranged, the cleaning device is additionally arranged on the lifting rod of the lifting device, and the residual fermented grains on the inner wall of the pit mud sleeve body are cleaned in a rotating way from top to bottom, so that the whole fermented grain fermentation process is completed.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: a heat insulation cavity is arranged in the outer shell of the solid state fermentation device, and a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the heat insulation cavity are arranged on the outer side wall of the outer shell; in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of fermentation, water liquid with different temperatures is respectively injected into the heat-insulating cavity of the outer shell, so that the outer wall of the fermentation tank is respectively kept at the temperature of 22-26 ℃, 26-32 ℃ and 20-26 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the structural design of the solid-state fermentation device, the production mode of the traditional pit mud cellar is changed, so that the traditional brewing container becomes an automatic modern fermentation tank, and the automatic modification of brewing fermentation is facilitated; through setting up sealing washer and vacuum operation of bleeding under the fermenting installation apron, make the fermentation cylinder keep good sealed effect, it is easy and simple to handle, realized simultaneously to the adjustable effect of oxygen content in the fermentation cylinder, be favorable to controlling the start-up speed of fermentation under the different temperature seasons, promote the anaerobic fermentation process. The fermented grains in the upper and lower layers are kept consistent in fermentation quality by circulating the upper and lower parts of the yellow water and alcohol fragrance in the fermentation process, so that the fermented grains in the upper and lower layers are in relatively consistent environmental conditions. Through the control to jar body heat preservation stage nature, be favorable to keeping cellar for storing things mud in suitable fermentation temperature stage, reduce the microbial fermentation process in the external environment influences cellar for storing things mud, promote cellar for storing things mud to give birth to fragrant fermentation. The invention successfully realizes the innovation of the automatic production mode of the traditional mud pit fermentation mode, improves the production automation degree, reduces the labor cost, regulates and controls the uniformity and consistency of fermentation, promotes the stability of fermentation quality, and has good practical value in the actual production of enterprises.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the extrusion apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the partial structure of the inner ring surface of the pit mud jacket body in the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the partial structure of the outer annular surface of the pit mud jacket body of the present invention.

The labels in the figure are: the device comprises a cover plate 1, a fermentation tank 2, a bottom cover groove 3, a connecting device 4, a vacuum pumping pipe 5, a spraying device 6, a one-way exhaust valve 7, a sealing ring 8, a cellar mud sleeve body 9, a water-retaining spongy sleeve body 10, an outer shell body 11, a water inlet 12, a water outlet 13, a temperature detector 14, a liquid conveying coil pipe 15, a filter screen opening 16, a cellar mud plate 17, a water liquid collecting groove 18, a water outlet pipe valve 19, a water pump 20, a liquid outlet pipe valve 21, a circulating pipe valve 22, a liquid inlet pipe 23, a third pipe valve 24, a second branch pipe valve 25, a lifting device 26, a lifting rod 27, an automatic controller 28, a stirring and extruding device 29, an arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30, a cleaning device 31, a cleaning brush 32, a supporting net 33, a supporting rib 34, a water permeable hole 35, an annular supporting plate 36, a vacuumizing device 37, a first branch pipe valve 38 and a gas ejector 39.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the solid state fermentation device of the present invention includes a cover plate 1 and a fermentation tank 2, the cover plate 1 is installed on the top end of the fermentation tank 2 in an openable and closable manner, a sealing connection structure is provided between the cover plate 1 and the top end of the fermentation tank 2, the cover plate 1 is provided with a one-way exhaust valve 7, a spraying device 6 and a vacuum exhaust pipe 5, and the vacuum exhaust pipe 5 is connected with a vacuum pumping device 37.

The cover plate 1 can be generally set to be a dome-shaped heat-preservation stainless steel cover plate, the cover plate 1 can be in a water seal mode, and can also be in an elastic sealing ring mode, in order to facilitate installation and improve operation efficiency, a sealing connection structure is formed between the cover plate 1 and the top end of the fermentation tank 2 through a sealing ring 8, and the sealing ring 8 can be a trapezoidal rubber sealing gasket. The invention adopts the form of the sealing ring 8, has simple and reliable structure, and can ensure that the trapezoidal rubber sealing gasket and the fermentation tank 2 keep good sealing effect by the self gravity of the cover plate 1.

The arranged one-way exhaust valve 7 can discharge gas from inside to outside in one way, which is beneficial to automatically discharging excessive carbon dioxide gas generated in the tank in the middle period before fermentation without influencing the sealing performance of the cover plate 1 and the fermentation tank 2.

The spraying device 6 only needs to have a structure capable of uniformly spraying water, for example, one or more circles of annular pipelines can be adopted, and a plurality of water spraying holes are uniformly arranged at intervals on each circle of annular pipeline; in addition, the water spraying disc can also be adopted and comprises a disc-shaped box body, and a plurality of water spraying holes are uniformly formed in the box body. The spraying device 6 can be connected with an external pipe for yellow water circulation and cellar sprinkling or fermentation liquor addition.

Through vacuum exhaust tube 5 and evacuating device 37, on the one hand can internally bleed air and reduce the pressure, be favorable to regulating and control the oxygen content that reduces in fermentation cylinder 2 when the fermentation begins, control too fast aerobic fermentation, promote anaerobic fermentation, on the other hand carries on the gas blowout ware 39 of bottom through the pipe valve, carries out the circulation of the alcohol fragrance of upper and lower part in fermentation cylinder 2, is favorable to the fermented grain fermentation quality in fermentation cylinder 2 even.

The pit mud plate 17 is transversely arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank 2, the pit mud plate 17 comprises a support plate with a top groove, the top end surface of the top groove of the support plate is sealed by a support net 33, pit mud is filled in a space formed by the top groove of the support plate and the support net 33, and the support net 33 is supported and fixed by a support rib 34; the side of the cellar mud filling area of the cellar mud plate 17 is provided with a filter screen port 16, and the filter screen port 16 is provided with a filter screen. During implementation, the vinasse is stacked on the pit mud plate 17 and penetrates through the supporting net 33, so that the pit mud is favorably contacted with the fermented grains on the upper layer, and the fragrance production and fermentation are promoted. Specifically, the support ribs 34 are mainly used for maintaining the flatness of the support net 33, are not prone to stress deformation, and can be made of various forms of reinforcing rib plates. The support net 33 may be a stainless steel fine net, and the support plate may be a stainless steel plate. The screen of the screen port 16 may be designed as an integral structure with the support screen 33. The inner cavity of the fermentation tank 2 below the cellar mud plate 17 is used as a water liquid collecting tank 18; the water liquid collecting tank 18 can collect the yellow water generated by fermenting the fermented grains in the tank body at any time. A gas ejector 39 is arranged above the cellar mud plate 17; the gas ejector 39 has a gas inlet end connected to the evacuation device 37 at a gas outlet end via a pipe valve. The gas ejector 39 can adopt one circle or a plurality of circles of annular pipelines, and each circle of annular pipeline is uniformly provided with a plurality of gas injection holes at intervals; in addition, a disc-shaped box body structure can be adopted, and a plurality of air injection holes are uniformly formed in the box body. The alcohol fragrance extracted from the upper part of the fermentation tank 2 can be returned to the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 by the vacuum extractor 37, so that the alcohol fragrance of the upper and lower parts in the fermentation tank 2 keeps the same concentration condition, the fermentation environment is uniform, and the stability of the fermented grain quality is promoted.

The side wall of the fermentation tank 2 sequentially comprises a cellar mud sleeve body 9, a water-retention spongy sleeve body 10 and an outer shell body 11 from inside to outside, and the water-retention spongy sleeve body 10 is arranged in an annular cavity between the cellar mud sleeve body 9 and the outer shell body 11; the pit mud sleeve body 9 comprises an annular support plate 36 positioned on the outer ring side of the pit mud sleeve body and a support net 33 positioned on the inner ring side of the pit mud sleeve body, pit mud is filled in a space formed by the annular support plate 36 and the support net 33 in an enclosing mode, the support net 33 is supported and fixed through support ribs 34, and a plurality of water permeable holes 35 are formed in the annular support plate 36; one or more infusion coils 15 are arranged inside the upper end of the water-retaining sponge sleeve body 10, and the infusion coils 15 are provided with a liquid supplementing pipe. Wherein, the annular supporting plate 36 is generally made of stainless steel plate, the supporting net 33 can be made of stainless steel fine net, the supporting ribs 34 are mainly used for keeping the flatness of the supporting net 33, are not easy to deform under stress, and can be made of reinforcing rib plates in various forms. The structure of the pit mud sleeve body 9 is beneficial to fixing pit mud and simultaneously enabling the pit mud to be in full contact with fermented grains. Can be with cellar for storing things mud and the effective separation of the spongy mass body 10 of moisturizing on the annular support plate 36, utilize a plurality of holes 35 of permeating water that set up simultaneously, can keep the transmission effect of moisture again, avoid long-time fermentation to lead to cellar for storing things mud moisture to sink and become dry and harden and influence cellar for storing things mud fermentation quality, be favorable to making cellar for storing things mud remain moist state throughout. The water-retaining sponge sleeve body 10 can be selected from sponge fillers with good water absorption and retention performance, and water can be uniformly input into the water-retaining sponge sleeve body 10 through the infusion coil 15. Preferably, a heat preservation cavity is arranged in the outer shell 11, a water inlet 12 and a water outlet 13 which are communicated with the heat preservation cavity are arranged on the outer side wall of the outer shell 11, water liquid with different temperatures can be communicated to achieve the regulation and control effect on the fermentation temperature of the pit, appropriate growth conditions are provided for microorganisms in pit mud, and life metabolic activity of the microorganisms is promoted.

A water outlet pipe valve 19 is arranged at the bottom of the water liquid collecting tank 18, the other end of the water outlet pipe valve 19 is connected to the water inlet end of a water pump 20, and the water outlet end of the water pump 20 is respectively connected to a water outlet pipe valve 21 and a circulating pipe valve 22 for automatic discharge and automatic control circulation. The water outlet end of the circulating pipe valve 22 is connected with a first branch pipe valve 38 and a second branch pipe valve 25, the water outlet end of the first branch pipe valve 38 is connected with a liquid supplementing pipe of the liquid conveying coil 15, and the water outlet end of the second branch pipe valve 25 is connected with the spraying device 6. The first branch pipe valve 38 can convey the fermented yellow water liquid into the water retention spongy sleeve body 10 to supplement water for pit mud of the fermentation tank 2. The second branch pipe valve 25 can convey the fermented grain yellow water liquid to the fermentation tank 2 to supplement fermentation substrates for the fermented grains in the fermentation tank 2.

In addition, the water inlet end of the second branch pipe valve 25 is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe 23 and a third pipe valve 24, and cocoa can be used for supplementing fermentation nutrient solution in the fermentation process to meet different fermentation regulation and control requirements or technological measures. The side wall of the fermentation tank 2 is provided with a temperature detector 14 which can detect the fermentation temperature at the right time.

Integral structure can be adopted to the bottom of fermentation cylinder 2, also available area open-ended split type structure, for the assembly of being convenient for, the later stage of being convenient for simultaneously is poured fermented lees, preferably: the bottom end of the fermentation tank 2 is of an open structure and is sealed and closed through a bottom cover groove 3, and the bottom cover groove 3 is opened and closed through a connecting device 4; the cellar mud plate 17 is arranged in the groove body of the bottom cover groove 3. The connecting device 4 can be a manually operated connecting means (such as a flange plate matching bolt) or an automatically operated connecting means (such as a three-jaw caliper), and in order to improve the operation efficiency, an automatically operated connecting means is generally selected. For the convenience of implementation, the invention is provided with a concave groove at the upper side edge of the bottom cover groove 3, the concave groove is closely sealed with the fermentation tank 2, and the concave groove is automatically opened and closed through an automatically controlled connecting device 4.

The cover plate 1 is provided with a conventional lifting device 26, which lifting device 26 is mounted on a horizontal displacement mechanism. The lifting device 26 may be a hoisting mechanism with a wire rope or a hoisting mechanism with a lifting rod 27. In practice, the lifting device 26 may be used to lift the cover 1 to open the fermenter 2 and to lower the cover 1 to close the fermenter 2. The horizontal displacement mechanism is used to move the lifting device 26 and the cover plate 1 integrally to the upper part of the fermentation tank 2 or to an idle position beside the fermentation tank 2.

The lateral wall of fermentation cylinder 2 is preferably cylindrical, elevating gear 26 preferably adopts the hoisting mechanism who takes lifter 27, the end of lifter 27 is provided with the connecting plate, the connecting plate has group crowded device 29 through bolted connection, it includes fixed baseplate to dial crowded device 29, be provided with the rotary rod that rotates the setting on the fixed baseplate, the rotary rod sets up with fermentation cylinder 2 coaxial line, the upper end of rotary rod has set its pivoted actuating mechanism of drive, the lower extreme of rotary rod is connected with a set of arc pressure guide plate 30, arc pressure guide plate 30 sets up the both sides at the rotary rod, the central line of arc pressure guide plate 30 arranges for the axis slope of rotary rod. The arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30 is a cross section perpendicular to the central line of the arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30, and the outer contour line of the arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30 comprises an inner ring arc line and an outer ring arc line, and the whole arc-shaped plate structure is an arc-shaped plate structure. The arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30 can rotate at different height positions of the fermentation tank 2, and can be used for leveling and extruding the filled fermented grains in time to keep a certain tightness. The poking and extruding device 29 avoids the traditional pit-stepping work after manual pit entry, and improves the production automation level.

In addition, the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder 2 is preferably cylindrical, lifting device 26 preferably adopts a lifting mechanism with lifting rod 27, the end of lifting rod 27 is provided with a connecting plate in the embodiment, after removing pushing device 29, cleaning device 31 can be connected to the connecting plate through bolts, cleaning device 31 comprises a fixed base, a rotating rod is arranged on the fixed base in a rotating mode, the rotating rod is coaxial with fermentation cylinder 2, the upper end of the rotating rod is provided with a driving mechanism for driving rotation of the rotating rod, the lower end of the rotating rod is connected with a fixed rod, the two ends of the fixed rod are connected with cleaning brushes 32, and the axis of the fixed rod is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the rotating rod. After the fermented grains in the fermentation tank 2 are emptied, the inner wall side of the fermentation tank 2 can be cleaned from top to bottom, residues adhered to the wall are removed, and the production automation level can be improved compared with manual pit-outlet cleaning work.

firstly, if the bottom end of the fermentation tank 2 is an open structure, the bottom cover groove 3 and the fermentation tank 2 are closed by the connecting device 4 before fermentation.

And step two, delivering the brewed yellow water of the previous round to the water-retaining sponge sleeve body 10 of the fermentation tank 2 through the first branch pipe valve 38, and keeping the brewed yellow water in a water-absorbing state.

Filling the solid grains to be fermented into the fermentation tank 2, and filling the solid grains in a fractional manner, compacting the solid grains after filling a set amount of grains each time, then filling the grains again, and performing the circulation operation until the grains to be fermented are completely filled; if the pushing device 29 is arranged, the pushing device 29 is adopted to press in real time, and the filling amount of the grain residue each time is 1/10-1/5 of the volume capacity of the fermentation tank 2; if the filling amount is less than 1/10 each time and the fermented grain amount is too small, the acting force of the arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30 for compacting the fermented grains downwards is not obvious, and only the pushing and leveling effect can be achieved; and the filling amount is more than 1/5 each time, and the fermented grain layer is too thick, the effect of downward compaction of the fermented grains by the arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30 is poor, and the situation of loosening among the fermented grains is easy to occur.

Step four, mounting the cover plate 1 on the upper part of the fermentation tank 2 to form a closed structure; starting a vacuum extraction pipe 5, starting a vacuumizing device 37 to internally extract air and reduce pressure, and enabling the vacuum degree in the tank to reach 5% -20% according to different temperature of the environment outside the tank body, wherein the vacuum degree is low when the temperature of the environment outside the tank body is low, and the vacuum degree is high when the temperature of the environment outside the tank body is high; on one hand, the sealing effect of the sealing ring 8 is improved through negative pressure, and meanwhile, the oxygen content in the tank is adjusted and removed, so that the temperature rise is prevented from rising too fast, and good anaerobic fermentation conditions are kept; if the vacuum degree in the fermentation tank is less than 5 percent during sealing, the sealing force between the sealing ring 8 and the top of the fermentation tank 2 is not obvious, and the oxygen amount in the fermentation tank 2 and between gaps at the top of the fermentation tank is large, so that the fermentation is easy to heat up too fast to breed bacteria and produce acid; and when the vacuum degree in the tank is more than 20 percent during sealing, the negative pressure in the fermentation tank 2 is higher, so that the growth of microorganisms is influenced, and the growth and the propagation of partial facultative bacteria at the early stage of fermentation are not facilitated.

Step five, opening a water outlet pipe valve 19 every 5-10 days in the middle and later stages of fermentation along with the progress of fermentation, starting a water pump 20 to convey the brewed yellow water in a water liquid collecting tank 18 to a spraying device 6 of a cover plate 1, and spraying the brewed yellow water onto the fermented grains at the top of a fermentation tank 2; opening a first branch pipe valve 38 every 10-20 days, and conveying a part of brewed yellow water into the water-retaining spongy sleeve body 10 to supplement water for the pit mud sleeve body 9; if the water inlet end of the second branch pipe valve 25 is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe 23 and a third pipe valve 24, the third pipe valve 24 is opened every 5-10 days according to the requirement of a fermentation substrate in the middle and later stages of fermentation, and acids or ethanol substances are conveyed into the fermentation tank 2 through the spraying device 6 to promote esterification and aroma generation reaction; wherein, when the temperature of the fermented grains in the fermentation tank 2 rises from the initial temperature to the temperature A, the fermentation medium stage is indicated; in the end stage of the middle stage of fermentation, when the temperature of the fermented grains falls back to the temperature B, the fermented grains are shown to enter the later stage of fermentation; the temperature A is 28-30 ℃, and the temperature B is 28-30 ℃; in order to avoid the vinasse from being deteriorated, the fermentation temperature in the middle stage of fermentation is not higher than 36 ℃. If the yellow water collected at the bottom is sent to the spraying device 6 of the cover plate 1 at intervals of less than 5 days, the amount of the circulating yellow water is insufficient, and the energy consumption is increased due to frequent operation; if the interval is more than 10 days, the difference of the water in the upper part and the lower part of the fermentation tank 2 is large, so that the fermentation of the fermented grains is inconsistent, and the consistency of the fermentation quality of the fermented grains is influenced.

If the yellow water collected at the bottom is conveyed into the water-retaining sponge glove body 10 at intervals of less than 10 days, the operation is too frequent, and the energy consumption is increased; if the interval is more than 20 days, the water loss of the upper part in the water-retaining spongy sleeve body 10 is large, the water-supplementing and moisture-retaining effects of the upper pit mud are influenced, and the fermentation fragrance-producing quality of the upper pit mud is further influenced.

And sixthly, starting the vacuumizing device 37 every 5-10 days in the fermentation process, and conveying the alcohol fragrance at the upper part of the fermentation tank 2 to the gas ejector 39 above the cellar mud plate 17 through a pipe valve, so that the alcohol fragrance concentration in the fermented grains at the upper part and the lower part of the fermentation tank 2 can be adjusted to be consistent. If the alcohol fragrance is started to circulate in the tank every 5 days or less in the fermentation process, the operation is frequent and the energy consumption is high; if more than 10 days, the aroma of the upper part and the lower part in the fermentation tank is not uniform in time, and the microbial environment difference of the upper part and the lower part in the fermentation tank 2 is caused, so that the quality of the fermented aroma is different.

And seventhly, opening the liquid outlet pipe valve 21 3-8 days before the fermentation is finished, starting the water pump 20 to discharge the yellow water in the water liquid collecting tank 18, and draining the fermented grains in the fermentation tank 2.

Step eight, taking out the vinasse after the fermentation is finished; if the bottom end of the fermentation tank 2 is of an open structure, lifting the cover plate 1, simultaneously opening the bottom cover groove 3, and pouring fermented vinasse from the fermentation tank 2; if the cleaning device 31 is arranged, the cleaning device 31 is additionally arranged on the lifting rod 27 of the lifting device 26, and the fermented grains remained on the inner wall of the pit mud sleeve body 9 are cleaned in a rotating mode from top to bottom, so that the whole fermented grain fermentation process is completed.

Preferably, a heat insulation cavity is arranged in an outer shell 11 of the solid state fermentation device, and a water inlet 12 and a water outlet 13 which are communicated with the heat insulation cavity are arranged on the outer side wall of the outer shell 11; in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of fermentation, water liquid with different temperatures is respectively injected into the heat-insulating cavity of the outer shell 11, so that the outer wall of the fermentation tank 2 is respectively kept at the temperature of 22-26 ℃, 26-32 ℃ and 20-26 ℃, the fermentation temperature suitable for the pit mud and the fermented grains in the tank is kept, and the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in the pit mud are promoted.

If the heat preservation of the heat preservation cavity is too low or no heat preservation measures are taken in the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pit mud layer is too low, and the growth and the propagation of pit mud microorganisms are influenced; and if the temperature is higher than 26 ℃, the fermentation is too fast, so that the non-main functional strains such as lactic acid bacteria and the like easily grow too fast, and the fermentation quality and the wine body style of the vinasse are influenced.

If the temperature of the heat preservation cavity is lower than 26 ℃ in the middle fermentation period, the fermentation temperature of the fermented grains in the fermentation tank 2 is quickly dissipated, and the fermentation quality of the fermented grains is influenced; and the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, which causes excessive growth and metabolism of acid-producing bacteria in the pit mud layer, increases acidity and influences the style of the wine body.

If the temperature of the heat preservation cavity is higher than 26 ℃ in the later fermentation period, the aroma production and metabolism activities of microorganisms in the later fermentation period are not facilitated; and the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, which is not beneficial to the heat preservation effect of the cellar mud layer and influences the life metabolic activity of the microorganism.

Examples

The solid state fermentation device comprises a cover plate 1, a fermentation tank 2, a bottom cover groove 3, a connecting device 4, a lifting device 26, a water pump 20, a vacuum pumping device 37, a stirring and extruding device 29 and a cleaning device 31.

The cover plate 1 is a dome-shaped heat-insulating stainless steel cover plate with the diameter of 1.5 m, a trapezoidal rubber sealing gasket is arranged in the lower edge of the cover plate, a one-way exhaust valve 7 is arranged on a dome-shaped cover of the cover plate, an annular spraying pipe is arranged on the dome-shaped cover of the cover plate and is used as a spraying device 6 and connected with an external pipeline, and a vacuum exhaust pipe 5 is arranged on the dome-shaped cover of the cover plate and is connected with a vacuumizing device 37.

The fermentation tank 2 is a cylindrical stainless steel tank body with the diameter of 1.5 meters and the height of about 2.5 meters, the innermost side of the fermentation tank is a pit mud sleeve body 9, the middle of the fermentation tank is a water-retaining spongy sleeve body 10, the outer side of the fermentation tank is an outer shell body 11 with a heat-insulating cavity, and the thickness of the three-layer structure is about 10 cm. The inner annular surface of the pit mud sleeve body 9 is composed of a strip-shaped support plate with the width of about 5cm and a stainless steel fine mesh belt with the width of about 10cm at intervals, the outer annular surface is a stainless steel plate, and water permeable holes 35 with the diameter of 0.7cm are distributed on the stainless steel plate and can be in contact with the water retention sponge sleeve body 10 and transmit water. The water-retaining sponge sleeve body 10 is a compact sponge material with good water absorption and retention performance and is uniformly filled, and a liquid supplementing pipe and 2 liquid conveying coil pipes 15 positioned at different positions of the sleeve body are arranged in the upper end of the water-retaining sponge sleeve body. The outer side wall of the outer shell 11 is provided with a water inlet 12 and a water outlet 13 which are communicated with the heat preservation cavity.

Wherein, bottom cover groove 3 is the convex bottom cover groove of a diameter 1.5 meters, and its upper portion is cellar for storing things mud board 17, and the bottom sprag board of cellar for storing things mud board 17 is circular stainless steel to open at circular stainless steel top and survey to be equipped with the recess that is used for filling cellar for storing things mud, fill after cellar for storing things mud, the top surface adopts wide about 5 cm's bar backup pad and wide about 10 cm's stainless steel guipure 33 mutual interval to constitute bearing structure. A filter screen port 16 with the diameter of 30cm is arranged on the round stainless steel, and the filter screen port 16 is positioned beside the pit mud filling area and is provided with a filter screen. A water liquid collecting tank 18 with the capacity of 300L is arranged right below the pit mud plate 17. A coiled gas pipe with the diameter of 1 meter is arranged right above the pit mud plate 17 and is used as a gas ejector 39 and is connected with a vacuumizing device 37 through a pipe valve. The bottom cover groove 3 and the fermentation tank 2 can be sealed and closed, and can be automatically opened and closed through an automatically controlled connecting device 4.

Wherein, a water outlet pipe valve 19 is arranged at the bottom of the bottom cover groove 3, connected to a water pump 20, and further connected to a water outlet pipe valve 21 and a circulating pipe valve 22 for respectively discharging and recycling. The circulating pipe valve 22 is connected with a first branch pipe valve 38 and a second branch pipe valve 25 upwards, which can respectively convey the fermented grain yellow water liquid into the water-retaining sponge sleeve body 10 and the fermentation tank 2.

In addition, a liquid inlet pipe 23 and a third pipe valve 24 are arranged, connected to a second branch pipe valve 25 and then connected to the spraying device 6.

The lifting device 26 is a fixed lifting moving device, and is provided with a lifting rod 27 and an automatic controller 28, and can lift and move the cover plate 1, and the lower end of the lifting rod 27 can be additionally provided with a pushing device 29 or a cleaning device 31.

Wherein, the pushing device 29 is provided with a pair of arc-shaped pressure guide plates 30 rotating clockwise, and the arc-shaped pressure guide plates 30 can push the filled fermented grains flat and squeeze downwards in time when rotating. The cleaning device 31 is provided with a pair of cleaning brushes 32, and the cleaning brushes 32 are mounted on a rotating rod.

The automatic solid state fermentation method mainly comprises the following steps:

1) before fermentation, the bottom cover groove 3 and the fermentation tank 2 are firstly closed through an automatically controlled connecting device 4.

2) The yellow water is brewed in the previous round and is conveyed to the water retention spongy mass sleeve body 10 of the fermentation tank 2 through the first branch pipe valve 38, the spongy mass is kept full of the water absorption state, the effect of water supplement to the inner side cellar mud sleeve body 9 is achieved, and the cellar mud wet state is kept.

3) A crowd device 29 is provided on the lift lever 27 of the lift device 26.

4) The solid grains to be fermented are filled into the fermentation tank 2, the filling amount is 1/8 of the capacity of the fermentation tank 2 each time, then the lifting device 26 is started, the pushing device 29 rotates clockwise on the filled grains, and the filled grains are pushed and compacted downwards along the direction of the arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30 through the arc-shaped pressure guide plate 30. After the completion, the pushing device 29 is automatically lifted to a proper height, and then the grains are filled, and the operation is circulated until the grains to be fermented are completely filled.

5) The squeeze means 29 is removed and then the cover plate 1 is mounted to the upper portion of the fermentation tank 2, and the trapezoidal rubber packing is tightly fitted to the top of the fermentation tank 2 by the gravity of the cover plate 1 itself. The vacuum exhaust pipe 5 is opened, the vacuumizing device 37 is started to internally exhaust and reduce pressure, and the degree of vacuum in the tank reaches 10% according to different seasons and different temperatures.

6) Along with the fermentation, in the middle and later stages of the fermentation, 3 groups of experimental fermentations (number A, B, C, see table 1) are designed, a water outlet pipe valve 19 at the bottom of the bottom cover groove 3 is opened every 5 days, 10 days and 15 days, a water pump 20 is started to convey brewed yellow water in a water liquid collecting groove 18 to an annular spraying pipe of the cover plate 1 and spray the brewed yellow water onto fermented grains at the top of the fermentation tank 2, so as to supplement water and fermentation substrates for the fermented grains and promote the fermentation to generate fragrance; or according to the requirement of fermentation substrate, opening a third pipe valve 24, connecting to a second branch pipe valve 25, and conveying acids or ethanol substances into the fermentation tank through an annular spraying pipe to promote esterification and aroma generation; and opening the first branch pipe valve 38 every 15 days, and conveying a part of brewed yellow water into the water-retaining spongy sleeve body 10 to supplement water for the pit mud sleeve body 9 so as to avoid the dryness and hardness of the pit mud.

7) In the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of fermentation, the heat preservation cavities of the experiment group A are respectively filled with water liquid with different temperatures according to different fermentation stages, so that the outer walls of the fermentation tanks are respectively kept at the temperature of 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 24 ℃, and the experiment group B and the experiment group C are not filled with heat preservation water liquid.

8) During the fermentation process, the vacuumizing device 37 is started every 5 days for the group A, every 10 days for the group B and every 18 days for the group C, the alcohol fragrance at the upper part of the fermentation tank 2 is conveyed to the air pipe of the bottom cover tank 3 through the pipe valve, and the alcohol fragrance concentration in the fermented grains at the upper part and the lower part of the fermentation tank is adjusted to keep consistent.

9) And in the later stage of fermentation, the liquid outlet pipe valve 21 is opened, and the water pump 20 is started 5 days ahead to discharge yellow water in the water liquid collecting tank 18, so that fermented grains in the fermentation tank are drained.

10) After the fermentation is finished for 90 days, the cover plate 1 is lifted, the bottom cover groove 3 is opened, and the fermented vinasse is poured from the fermentation tank 2. Then, a cleaning device 31 is additionally arranged on the lifting rod 27 of the lifting device 26, and the residual fermented grains on the inner wall of the pit mud sleeve body 9 are cleaned in a rotating mode from top to bottom, so that the whole fermented grain fermentation process is completed. Distilling the fermented grains of the A, B, C groups, and calculating the yield and the aroma component content of the wine body.

TABLE 1 solid-state fermentation test design for different fermentation control measures

By adopting the method, the comparison test research is carried out on different days of yellow water circulation interval, fermentation tank heat preservation measures and alcohol fragrance circulation interval (see table 1). After fermentation, the wine yield and the physical and chemical indexes of the wine body of the three tests are analyzed, and the results are as follows.

1. Yield of fermented wine

TABLE 2 fermented grain yield and quality grade of fermented grains by different process

Test group	Percentage of alcohol production (%)
		Test group A	43.8
Test group B	42.5
		Test group C	41.6

Remarking: the liquor yield is the proportion of liquor yield (60 degrees converted) per 100kg of input sorghum

From the above 3 test results, it can be seen that the alcohol yield of the test A group is relatively high, 43.8%, followed by the test B group, which is the lowest in the test C group. In the fermentation process, the staged heat preservation control of the pit temperature is beneficial to promoting the fermentation process of the pits at different stages, thereby promoting the growth and metabolism process of the yeast. Meanwhile, through yellow water circulation and alcohol aroma circulation, the fermented grain fermentation substrates at the upper part and the lower part in the pit can be kept consistent, uniform fermentation is promoted, and the overall fermentation efficiency is improved.

2. Physical and chemical indexes of wine

TABLE 3 physicochemical data (total acid, total ester) of fermented grains fermented for wine production by different process methods

	Test group A (g/L)	Test group B (g/L)	Test group C (g/L)
				Total acid	1.53	1.34	1.26
Total esters	4.83	4.27	3.98

As can be seen from Table 3, the data of the total acid of group A tested in the fermentation process is the highest and is 1.53g/L, the main reason is that the pit mud layer is subjected to heat preservation in different stages in the fermentation process, the proper temperature is favorable for the growth of yeast and acid-producing bacteria, the acid metabolism is promoted, and meanwhile, the acid content of the fermented grains is increased due to multiple yellow water circulations. As more acidic substrates are added, the esterification reaction of acid and ethanol is promoted, and the fragrance components of the wine body are increased, so that the total ester content of the test group A is higher and is 4.83g/L, and the flavor quality of the wine body is improved.

The sensory evaluation of professional liquor tasters finds that the liquor of the A group, the B group and the C group can reach the quality level of the traditional solid state fermentation, and the liquor body has no foreign flavor and peculiar smell, is cleaner and has better stability, wherein the sensory of the A group fragrance is better. Therefore, the method of the invention keeps proper yellow water circulation interval days, fermentation tank heat preservation stage measures and alcohol aroma circulation interval days, is beneficial to improving the fermented grain fermentation quality and the wine body aroma style, and improves the stability and uniformity of the fermentation quality.

Claims

1. Solid state fermentation device, including apron (1) and fermentation cylinder (2), the top at fermentation cylinder (2) is installed through the mode that can open and close in apron (1), is provided with sealing connection structure, its characterized in that between the top of apron (1) and fermentation cylinder (2): the cover plate (1) is provided with a one-way exhaust valve (7), a spraying device (6) and a vacuum exhaust pipe (5), and the vacuum exhaust pipe (5) is connected with a vacuumizing device (37);

the bottom of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank (2) is provided with a pit mud plate (17) which is transversely arranged, the pit mud plate (17) comprises a support plate with a top groove, the top end surface of the top groove of the support plate is sealed by a support net (33), a pit mud is filled in a space which is formed by the top groove of the support plate and the support net (33) in an enclosing mode, and the support net (33) is supported and fixed through support ribs (34); a filter screen opening (16) is formed in the pit mud plate (17) beside the pit mud filling area, a filter screen is arranged on the filter screen opening (16), and an inner cavity of the fermentation tank (2) below the pit mud plate (17) is used as a water liquid collecting tank (18); a gas ejector (39) is arranged above the cellar mud plate (17); the gas inlet end of the gas ejector (39) is connected with the gas outlet end of the vacuumizing device (37) through a pipe valve;

the side wall of the tank body of the fermentation tank (2) sequentially comprises a cellar mud sleeve body (9), a water retention spongy sleeve body (10) and an outer shell body (11) from inside to outside, and the water retention spongy sleeve body (10) is arranged in an annular cavity between the cellar mud sleeve body (9) and the outer shell body (11); the pit mud sleeve body (9) comprises an annular support plate (36) positioned on the outer ring side of the pit mud sleeve body and a support net (33) positioned on the inner ring side of the pit mud sleeve body, pit mud is filled in a space formed by the annular support plate (36) and the support net (33) in an enclosing mode, the support net (33) is supported and fixed through support ribs (34), and a plurality of water permeable holes (35) are formed in the annular support plate (36); one or more infusion coils (15) are arranged inside the upper end of the water-retaining sponge sleeve body (10), and the infusion coils (15) are provided with a liquid supplementing pipe;

a water outlet pipe valve (19) is arranged at the bottom of the water liquid collecting tank (18), the other end of the water outlet pipe valve (19) is connected to the water inlet end of a water pump (20), the water outlet end of the water pump (20) is respectively connected to a water outlet pipe valve (21) and a circulating pipe valve (22), the water outlet end of the circulating pipe valve (22) is connected with a first branch pipe valve (38) and a second branch pipe valve (25), the water outlet end of the first branch pipe valve (38) is connected to a liquid supplementing pipe of the liquid conveying coil pipe (15), and the water outlet end of the second branch pipe valve (25) is connected to the spraying device (6).

2. The solid state fermentation device of claim 1, wherein: the water inlet end of the second branch pipe valve (25) is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe (23) and a third pipe valve (24).

3. The solid state fermentation device of claim 1, wherein: a sealing connection structure is formed between the cover plate (1) and the top end of the fermentation tank (2) through a sealing ring (8); a temperature detector (14) is arranged on the side wall of the fermentation tank (2).

4. The solid state fermentation device of claim 1, wherein: the bottom end of the fermentation tank (2) is of an open structure and is sealed by a bottom cover groove (3), and the bottom cover groove (3) is opened and closed by a connecting device (4); the cellar mud plate (17) is arranged in the groove body of the bottom cover groove (3).

5. The solid state fermentation device of claim 1, wherein: the cover plate (1) is provided with a lifting device (26), and the lifting device (26) is arranged on the horizontal displacement mechanism.

6. The solid state fermentation device of claim 5, wherein: the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder (2) is cylindrical, hoisting device (26) are including lifter (27), the end of lifter (27) is provided with the connecting plate, the connecting plate has group crowded device (29) through bolted connection, group crowded device (29) including fixed baseplate, be provided with the rotary rod that rotates the setting on the fixed baseplate, rotary rod and fermentation cylinder (2) coaxial line setting, the upper end of rotary rod sets and drives its pivoted actuating mechanism, the lower extreme of rotary rod is connected with a set of arc pressure guide plate (30), arc pressure guide plate (30) set up the both sides at the rotary rod, the central line of arc pressure guide plate (30) is arranged for the axis slope of rotary rod.

7. The solid state fermentation device of claim 5, wherein: the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder (2) is cylindrical, hoisting device (26) include lifter (27), the end of lifter (27) is provided with the connecting plate, the connecting plate has cleaning device (31) through bolted connection, cleaning device (31) are including fixed baseplate, be provided with the rotary rod that rotates the setting on the fixed baseplate, the rotary rod sets up with fermentation cylinder (2) coaxial line, the upper end of rotary rod sets and drives its pivoted actuating mechanism, the lower extreme of rotary rod is connected with the dead lever, the both ends of dead lever are connected with cleaning brush (32), the axis of dead lever is arranged for the axis slope of rotary rod.

8. The solid state fermentation device of any one of claims 1 through 7, wherein: a heat insulation cavity is arranged in the outer shell (11), and a water inlet (12) and a water outlet (13) which are communicated with the heat insulation cavity are arranged on the outer side wall of the outer shell (11).

9. Solid state fermentation process, characterized in that a solid state fermentation device according to any of claims 1 to 7 is used and comprises the following steps:

firstly, if the bottom end of the fermentation tank (2) is of an open structure, closing a bottom cover groove (3) and the fermentation tank (2) through a connecting device (4) before fermentation;

step two, delivering the brewed yellow water of the previous round to a water-retaining sponge sleeve body (10) of the fermentation tank (2) through a first branch pipe valve (38) to keep the yellow water in a water-absorbing state;

filling the solid grains to be fermented into the fermentation tank (2), performing filling in a fractional manner, compacting the grains after filling a set amount of grains each time, and then filling the grains again, and performing the circulation operation until the grains to be fermented are completely filled; if the stirring and extruding device (29) is arranged, the stirring and extruding device (29) is adopted for pressing, and the filling amount of the grain residue each time is 1/10-1/5 of the volume capacity of the fermentation tank (2);

step four, mounting the cover plate (1) to the upper part of the fermentation tank (2) to form a closed structure; starting a vacuum extraction pipe (5), starting a vacuumizing device (37) to internally extract air and reduce pressure, and enabling the vacuum degree in the tank to reach 5% -20% according to different temperature of the environment outside the tank body, wherein the vacuum degree is low when the temperature of the environment outside the tank body is low, and the vacuum degree is high when the temperature of the environment outside the tank body is high;

step five, opening a water outlet pipe valve (19) every 5-10 days in the middle and later stages of fermentation along with the progress of fermentation, starting a water pump (20) to convey the brewing yellow water in a water liquid collecting tank (18) to a spraying device (6) of a cover plate (1), and spraying the brewing yellow water on the fermented grains at the top of a fermentation tank (2); opening a first branch pipe valve (38) every 10-20 days, and conveying a part of brewed yellow water into the water-retaining spongy sleeve body (10) to supplement water for the pit mud sleeve body (9); if the water inlet end of the second branch pipe valve (25) is also provided with a liquid inlet pipe (23) and a third pipe valve (24), the third pipe valve (24) is opened every 5-10 days according to the requirement of a fermentation substrate in the middle and later stages of fermentation, and acids or ethanol substances are conveyed into the fermentation tank (2) through the spraying device (6) to promote esterification and aroma generation reaction; wherein, when the temperature of the fermented grains in the fermentation tank (2) is increased from the initial temperature to the temperature A, the fermentation medium stage is indicated; in the end stage of the middle stage of fermentation, when the temperature of the fermented grains falls back to the temperature B, the fermented grains are shown to enter the later stage of fermentation; the temperature A is 28-30 ℃, and the temperature B is 28-30 ℃;

sixthly, starting a vacuumizing device (37) every 5-10 days in the fermentation process, and conveying the alcohol fragrance at the upper part of the fermentation tank (2) to a gas ejector (39) above the cellar mud plate (17) through a pipe valve;

opening a liquid outlet pipe valve (21) 3-8 days before the fermentation is finished, starting a water pump (20) to discharge yellow water in a water liquid collecting tank (18), and draining fermented grains in the fermentation tank (2);

step eight, taking out fermented vinasse after fermentation is finished; if the bottom end of the fermentation tank (2) is of an open structure, lifting the cover plate (1), simultaneously opening the bottom cover groove (3), and pouring fermented vinasse from the fermentation tank (2); if the cleaning device (31) is arranged, the cleaning device (31) is additionally arranged on the lifting rod (27) of the lifting device (26), and the residual fermented grains on the inner wall of the pit mud sleeve body (9) are cleaned in a rotating mode from top to bottom, so that the whole fermented grain fermentation process is completed.

10. The solid state fermentation method according to claim 9, wherein a heat preservation cavity is arranged in an outer shell (11) of the solid state fermentation device, and a water inlet (12) and a water outlet (13) which are communicated with the heat preservation cavity are arranged on the outer side wall of the outer shell (11);

in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of fermentation, water liquids with different temperatures are respectively injected into the heat-insulating cavity of the outer shell (11), so that the outer wall of the fermentation tank (2) is respectively kept at the temperature of 22-26 ℃, 26-32 ℃ and 20-26 ℃.