CN113185374B - 一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113185374B CN113185374B CN202110553731.9A CN202110553731A CN113185374B CN 113185374 B CN113185374 B CN 113185374B CN 202110553731 A CN202110553731 A CN 202110553731A CN 113185374 B CN113185374 B CN 113185374B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- boron
- potassium nitrate
- ignition powder
- powder
- ignition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CVSZSBLMNDIVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC=1C(=C(C(=C(C=1[N+](=O)[O-])F)[N+](=O)[O-])OC)[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical compound FC=1C(=C(C(=C(C=1[N+](=O)[O-])F)[N+](=O)[O-])OC)[N+](=O)[O-] CVSZSBLMNDIVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
- C06B33/14—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds at least one being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药，包括下述重量份的组分：硼15～50份；硝酸钾50～85份；2,4,6‑三硝基‑3,5‑二氟苯甲醚，硼和硝酸钾占总重量的1％～5％，硼为无定型颗粒。其制备方法是：将硼、硝酸钾及一定比例的溶有TNDFB的溶剂，进行湿法混合，混合均匀后进行干燥。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于含能材料领域，具体涉及一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法。
背景技术
点火药在外界初始冲能的作用下能够发生迅速的燃烧反应，放出大量的热、气体和热的固体残渣，从而点燃各种火药、烟火药和火工品，是一种用于点燃主装药烟火药剂或其他药剂及火工品的烟火药。在点火药中常应用铝、镁、硼、锆及其合金等高活性金属燃烧剂，其中硼粉具有较高的体积燃烧热和质量燃烧热，因此硼系点火药作为高能点火药，具有较大的燃烧热和较强的点火能力,一直是点火药研究的热点。
为进一步提高硼系点火药的点火燃烧性能，目前常采用多种方法，这包括：(1)亚微米无定型硼粉，提高比表面积、降低临界反应温度；(2)点火药合适的粒度，例如30～60目的硼/硝酸钾(15/85)燃烧热最大；(3)合适的硼/硝酸钾比例，例如随硼含量增加，硼/硝酸钾火焰温度上升，在25％时达到最大值；(4)利用含能材料对硼粉进行表面修饰，例如在硼颗粒表面三氮唑，可以使硼/硝酸钾热反应临界温度降低30℃。
而目前的亚微米无定型硼粉纯度低、制备成本高，采用硼粉晶型控制、粒度控制、组分比例控制等手段，已达硼/硝酸钾系点火药的点火燃烧性能极限；表面修饰的方式制备成本高，对点火燃烧性能的改善效果有限。
发明内容
本发明提供一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法，硼/硝酸钾系点火药表现出优异的点火燃烧性能，其热反应临界温度降低、燃烧压力升高。本专利的核心是一种添加剂TNDFB，独立于以上几种方式，可以在上述几种方式的基础上继续提升性能。
本发明更具体的技术方案如下：
(1)一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药，包括下述重量份的组分：硼，15～50；硝酸钾，50～85；2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氟苯甲醚(TNDFB)，硼和硝酸钾总重量的1％～5％，硼为无定型颗粒。无定型硼粉，相对于晶体硼，点火燃烧性能大幅提升。
(2)一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药的制备方法，将硼、硝酸钾及一定比例的溶有TNDFB的溶剂，进行湿法混合，混合均匀后进行干燥。
溶剂可以是丙酮、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种。
溶剂的比例为硼和硝酸钾总体积的5％～25％。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果是：
TNDFB是一种含氟含能材料，且氟原子连接在苯环上，受苯环上三个硝基作用，在TNDFB分解过程中容易形成氟自由基，继而与硼粉表面的氧化硼惰性层结合，使活性的单质硼裸露出来，从而大幅改善点火药的点火燃烧性能。本发明提供的硼/硝酸钾系点火药表现出优异的点火燃烧性能，其热反应临界温度降低、燃烧压力升高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，并不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所用实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
将15g无定型硼粉、85g硝酸钾和溶有1g TNDFB的10mL丙酮溶液，加入到500mL烧杯中，机械搅拌混合均匀，烘箱中加热，蒸去丙酮干燥，获得硼/硝酸钾点火药。
实施例2：
将20g无定型硼粉、80g硝酸钾和溶有5g TNDFB的25mL氯仿溶液，加入到500mL烧杯中，机械搅拌混合均匀，烘箱中加热，蒸去氯仿干燥，获得硼/硝酸钾点火药。
实施例3：
将30g无定型硼粉、70g硝酸钾和溶有3g TNDFB的25mL乙酸乙酯溶液，加入到500mL烧杯中，机械搅拌混合均匀，烘箱中加热，蒸去乙酸乙酯干燥，获得硼/硝酸钾点火药。
实施例4：
将40g无定型硼粉、60g硝酸钾和溶有1g TNDFB的25mL甲苯溶液，加入到500mL烧杯中，机械搅拌混合均匀，真空干燥，除去甲苯，获得硼/硝酸钾点火药。
实施例5：
将50g无定型硼粉、50g硝酸钾和溶有5g TNDFB的25mL四氢呋喃溶液，加入到500mL烧杯中，机械搅拌混合均匀，烘箱中加热，蒸去四氢呋喃干燥，获得硼/硝酸钾点火药。
在25mL密闭爆发器中采用点火头对150mg药剂进行点火，测试了不同组成硼/硝酸钾点火药的燃烧性能，结果如表1所示。
表1不同组成硼/硝酸钾点火药燃烧性能
表1中，对比例1-5与实施例1-5的含量和制备方法均相同，区别只有TNDFB的含量均为0，因此，通过表1的数据中，可以明确看出，在无定型硼粉和硝酸钾中加入溶有TNDFB的溶剂，获得硼/硝酸钾点火药表现出优异的点火燃烧性能，压力峰值、压力持续时间和冲量均大大提高。
尽管这里参照本发明的解释性实施例对本发明进行了描述，上述实施例仅为本发明较佳的实施方式，本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，应该理解，本领域技术人员可以设计出很多其他的修改和实施方式，这些修改和实施方式将落在本申请公开的原则范围和精神之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药的制备方法，其特征在于，包括硼/硝酸钾系点火药，包括下述重量份的组分：硼15～50份；硝酸钾50～85份；2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氟苯甲醚，硼和硝酸钾占总重量的1％～5％，硼为无定型颗粒；
包括以下步骤：
将硼、硝酸钾及一定比例的溶有2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氟苯甲醚的溶剂，进行湿法混合，混合均匀后进行干燥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硼/硝酸钾系点火药的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为丙酮、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硼/硝酸钾系点火药的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂的加入量为硼和硝酸钾总体积的5％～25％。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110553731.9A CN113185374B (zh) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | 一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110553731.9A CN113185374B (zh) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | 一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113185374A CN113185374A (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
| CN113185374B true CN113185374B (zh) | 2022-05-17 |
Family
ID=76982743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110553731.9A Expired - Fee Related CN113185374B (zh) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | 一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113185374B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115787140B (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-04-02 | 西南科技大学 | 一种亚微米级硝酸钾纤维及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105152824A (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | 北京理工大学 | 一种安全点火药及制备方法 |
| CN109320388A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-12 | 北方特种能源集团有限公司西安庆华公司 | 一种无硫耐高温点火药及其制备方法 |
| CN110526790A (zh) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-12-03 | 南京理工大学 | 一种核壳结构的硼/硝酸钾制备方法 |
| CN111875462A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-03 | 北京理工大学 | 一种含硼镁烧结粉的点火药 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7067608B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2006-06-27 | Xerox Corporation | Process for preparing branched polyarylene ethers |
-
2021
- 2021-05-20 CN CN202110553731.9A patent/CN113185374B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105152824A (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | 北京理工大学 | 一种安全点火药及制备方法 |
| CN109320388A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-12 | 北方特种能源集团有限公司西安庆华公司 | 一种无硫耐高温点火药及其制备方法 |
| CN110526790A (zh) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-12-03 | 南京理工大学 | 一种核壳结构的硼/硝酸钾制备方法 |
| CN111875462A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-03 | 北京理工大学 | 一种含硼镁烧结粉的点火药 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 硼颗粒点火燃烧特性研究进展;刘建忠等;《固体火箭技术》;20171031;第40卷(第5期);第573-582页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113185374A (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. | Effect of magnesium on the burning characteristics of boron particles | |
| CN113185374B (zh) | 一种硼/硝酸钾系点火药及其制备方法 | |
| Xu et al. | Liquid phase in-situ synthesis of LiF coated boron powder composite and performance study | |
| US10125058B1 (en) | Encapsulated, particulate energetic composition and the making of same | |
| CN114436724A (zh) | 含硼铝混合粉金属化高能乳化炸药及制备方法 | |
| Shevchenko et al. | Detonation velocity of mechanically activated mixtures of ammonium perchlorate and aluminum | |
| Li et al. | Study on the preparation parameters and combustion performance of Al/PTFE composites prepared by a mechanical activation-sintering method | |
| CN108456126B (zh) | 一种气体发生器的传火药及其制备方法和一种汽车安全气囊用气体发生器 | |
| CN112592246B (zh) | 一种不敏感炸药 | |
| CN111331130B (zh) | 花状纳米氢氧化锰包覆铝复合材料的制备方法 | |
| CN111484384B (zh) | 一种金属/碳包覆硼基复合燃料及其制备方法 | |
| US4094712A (en) | Consolidated charges incorporating integral ignition compounds | |
| Li et al. | Study on energy output characteristics of explosives containing B/Al in the air blast | |
| CN111482613B (zh) | 一种高物理活性铝硅球形合金粉体及其制备方法与应用 | |
| CN111592435B (zh) | 一种轻质速燃材料的制备方法 | |
| Zhou et al. | Study on the thermal behaviors of nano-Al based fuel air explosive | |
| Ahmad et al. | Laser‐Induced Deflagration of Unconfined HMX–The Effect of Energetic Binders | |
| CN108623424B (zh) | 一种添加高活性Ti/2B纳米粉体材料的炸药及其制备方法 | |
| Vorozhtsov et al. | Reactivity of al/ni and al/fe bimetallic nanopowders in a reactive polymer matrix | |
| CN109184954B (zh) | 一种降低固体发动机慢速烤燃响应程度的助剂 | |
| CN111892966B (zh) | 一种用于含硼推进剂的高能金属燃料 | |
| EP2162412A1 (en) | Shaped, flexible fuel and energetic system therefrom | |
| CA2620844C (en) | Incendiary compound comprising a metallic combustible from group ivb of the periodic table and projectile containing said incendiary compound | |
| CN118026787A (zh) | 一种通用型高能点火药的配方及其制备方法 | |
| CN111635286B (zh) | 提高压装pbx炸药安全性能的粘结体系及其制备方法和应用 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20220517 |