CN113185292A - 一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法 - Google Patents

一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法 Download PDF

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CN113185292A
CN113185292A CN202110455047.7A CN202110455047A CN113185292A CN 113185292 A CN113185292 A CN 113185292A CN 202110455047 A CN202110455047 A CN 202110455047A CN 113185292 A CN113185292 A CN 113185292A
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姚斌
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Abstract

本发明涉及电接触用金属石墨材料的制备,特别提供了一种用挤压成型生产碳石墨毛坯再浸渍铜合金形成铜石墨材料的方法,包括如下步骤:S1、原料,针状焦,半补强炭黑,人造石墨粉,硅粉,中温沥青等;S2、干粉混捏,将S1中原料按一定比例混合均匀;S3、沥青粘接,将S2中混好原料与中温熔化沥青按一定比例混合均匀;S4、轧片;S5、打料柱,将S4得到的料糊在压力机上模压成型后,放到恒温箱中保温待挤压;S6、挤压,将S5得到的料柱在挤压机上挤压成型;S7、焙烧;S8、浸金属;S9、后续精加工。本发明与现有的技术相比,具有操作简便,生产效率高,成本较低、环境友好等优点,同时可制备各种形状规格产品。

Description

一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属石墨复合材料生产的方法,特别涉及一种挤压成型浸金属石墨制品的生产。
背景技术
铜石墨复合材料融合了金属铜(合金)优良的导电性、高强度、高塑性和石墨显著的耐热性、耐腐蚀性、润滑性等性能,综合性能突出,是一种具有广阔应用前景的新型功能材料。铜石墨复合材料广泛的应用于滑动电接触材料、耐磨材料、大规模集成电路和大功率微波器件中导电导热功能材料等领域,特别是在工作环境比较严酷的电器开关触头、电刷、电力机车受电弓滑板等环境下发挥着重要作用。
当前铜石墨复合材料的制备工艺多种多样,具有实际应用价值的制备方法仅少数几种,如粉末冶金法、浸渍法等。要保证铜石墨复合材料的导电性和自润滑性一般都会采取浸渍工艺,石墨制品浸渍金属后,碳基体气孔中充填了金属,形成金属网状增强骨架,起到提高碳基体强度和韧性的作用。浸渍金属后导电和导热性能明显改善,仍可保持碳基体固有的润滑性能,能在接触表面上形成润滑膜,显著降低材料磨耗。但是目前的石墨坯料浸金属工艺较为复杂,而且效率较低。
因此,申请人提出一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其制备的铜石墨复合材料各项性能指标满足各种使用要求,且操作简便,生产效率高,成本较低、环境友好。
发明内容
基于现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种挤压成型铜石墨材料的生产方法。
具体为,本发明提供的一种挤压成型铜石墨材料的生产方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1、原料,针状焦,半补强炭黑,人造石墨粉,硅粉,中温沥青,铜锡合金(Cu90-95%、Sn5-10%);
所述针状焦平均粒度为-320目,灰分≤0.3%、含硫量≤0.3%、挥发份≤0.3%;
所述半补强炭黑灰分≤0.5%、吸碘值14±6g/Kg、DBP吸收值47±10cm3/100g;
所述人造石墨粉粒度为-200目60-80%,灰分≤1.0%、水分≤1.2%石墨化≥70%;
所述硅粉粒度-320目≥85%,硅含量≥95% ;
所述中温沥青的软化点75-90℃,结焦值为≥60%,灰分≤0.50%;
S2、干粉混捏,将针状焦、半补强炭黑、人造石墨粉、硅粉按80-85:5-10:3-9:3-8重量份数比混合均匀;
S3、沥青粘接,将S2中混好的原料与中温熔化沥青按重量份数比10:3-5混合,搅拌均匀;
S4、轧片,将S3中搅拌均匀的原料通过辊轧机压制成薄片,片厚≤1.5mm,并回混;
S5、打料柱,将S4得到的料糊在1MN压力机压力机上模压成型后,放到150℃恒温箱中保温待挤压;
S6、挤压,将S5得到的料柱在带排气装置的8MN挤压机上挤压成型,挤压机腔体温度≥150℃,挤压模嘴温度160-170℃,挤压压力6MPa,用靠模板整形,自然冷却;
S7、焙烧,将S6制备好的毛坯放入焙烧炉中进行焙烧,其温度控制方式如下:
室温-300℃,自由升温,保持2小时;
300-750℃,按5℃/h升温,保持12小时;
750-900℃,按10℃/h升温,保持6小时;
900-1300℃,按15℃/h升温,保持5小时;
自然冷却后,获得碳基坯料;
S8、浸金属,焙烧后的碳基坯料在1200℃电炉中预热2小时,将铜锡合金加入中频炉中,加热至1300℃,使其完全熔化成熔体,将熔体倒入碳基坯料中,确保熔体漫过碳基坯料,加热至1300-1400℃,采用机械加压方式,将浸渍环境保护气体压力增加到13-14MPa,保持3-5min后,倒出合金熔体,自然冷却至室温;
S9、将浸金属完成后的坯料取出,加工成所需尺寸精度即可。
本发明的有益效果是:能有效改善金属与碳石墨基体间的界面浸润性,提高制品的浸透率;能较简便的制备不同规格尺寸的制品;操作简便,生产效率高,成本较低。
具体实施方式
实施例一
一种挤压成型铜石墨材料的生产方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1、原料,针状焦,半补强炭黑,人造石墨粉,硅粉,中温沥青,铜锡合金(Cu95%、Sn5%);
所述针状焦平均粒度为-320目,灰分≤0.3%、含硫量≤0.3%、挥发份≤0.3%;
所述半补强炭黑灰分≤0.5%、吸碘值14±6g/Kg、DBP吸收值47±10cm3/100g;
所述人造石墨粉粒度为-200目60-80%,灰分≤1.0%、水分≤1.2%石墨化≥70%;
所述硅粉粒度-320目≥85%,硅含量≥95% ;
所述中温沥青的软化点75-90℃,结焦值为≥60%,灰分≤0.50%;
S2、干粉混捏,将针状焦、半补强炭黑、人造石墨粉、硅粉按80:8:7:5重量份数比混合均匀;
针状焦由以下不同粒径针状焦的按重量百分比构成:
粒度-320目65-75% 32wt%
粒度-320目50-65% 28wt%
0.5mm筛下物(-32目全通过) 20wt%。
S3、沥青粘接,将S2中混好的原料与中温熔化沥青按重量份数比10:3.5混合,搅拌均匀;
S4、轧片,将S3中搅拌均匀的原料通过辊轧机压制成薄片,片厚≤1.5mm,并回混;
S5、打料柱,将S4得到的料糊在1MN压力机压力机上模压成型后,放到150℃恒温箱中保温待挤压;
S6、挤压,将S5得到的料柱在带排气装置的8MN挤压机上挤压成型,挤压机腔体温度≥150℃,挤压模嘴温度160-170℃,挤压压力6MPa,用靠模板整形,自然冷却,获得尺寸规格为40mm×60mm×750mm;
S7、焙烧,将S6制备好的毛坯放入焙烧炉中进行焙烧,其温度控制方式如下:
室温-300℃,自由升温,保持2小时;
300-750℃,按5℃/h升温,保持12小时;
750-900℃,按10℃/h升温,保持6小时;
900-1300℃,按15℃/h升温,保持5小时;
自然冷却后,获得碳基坯料;
S8、浸金属,焙烧后的碳基坯料在1200℃电炉中预热2小时,将铜锡合金加入中频炉中,加热至1300℃,使其完全熔化成熔体,将熔体倒入碳基坯料中,确保熔体漫过碳基坯料,加热至1300-1400℃,采用机械加压方式,将浸渍环境保护气体压力增加到14MPa,保持3min后,倒出合金熔体,自然冷却至室温;
S9、将浸金属完成后的坯料取出,加工成所需尺寸精度即可。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
实施例二
一种挤压成型铜石墨材料的生产方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1、原料,针状焦,半补强炭黑,人造石墨粉,硅粉,中温沥青,铜锡合金(Cu90%、Sn10%);
所述针状焦平均粒度为-320目,灰分≤0.3%、含硫量≤0.3%、挥发份≤0.3%;
所述半补强炭黑灰分≤0.5%、吸碘值14±6g/Kg、DBP吸收值47±10cm3/100g;
所述人造石墨粉粒度为-200目60-80%,灰分≤1.0%、水分≤1.2%石墨化≥70%;
所述硅粉粒度-320目≥85%,硅含量≥95% ;
所述中温沥青的软化点75-90℃,结焦值为≥60%,灰分≤0.50%;
S2、干粉混捏,将针状焦、半补强炭黑、人造石墨粉、硅粉按82:8:6:4重量份数比混合均匀;
针状焦由以下不同粒径针状焦的按重量百分比构成:
粒度-320目65-75% 32wt%
粒度-320目50-65% 29wt%
0.5mm筛下物(-32目全通过) 21wt%。
S3、沥青粘接,将S2中混好的原料与中温熔化沥青按重量份数比10:3.8混合,搅拌均匀;
S4、轧片,将S3中搅拌均匀的原料通过辊轧机压制成薄片,片厚≤1.5mm,并回混;
S5、打料柱,将S4得到的料糊在1MN压力机压力机上模压成型后,放到150℃恒温箱中保温待挤压;
S6、挤压,将S5得到的料柱在带排气装置的挤压机上挤压成型,挤压机腔体温度≥150℃,挤压模嘴温度160-170℃,挤压压力6MPa,用靠模板整形,自然冷却,获得尺寸规格为68mm×79mm×720mm;
S7、焙烧,将S6制备好的毛坯放入焙烧炉中进行焙烧,其温度控制方式如下:
室温-300℃,自由升温,保持2小时;
300-750℃,按5℃/h升温,保持12小时;
750-900℃,按10℃/h升温,保持6小时;
900-1300℃,按15℃/h升温,保持5小时;
自然冷却后,获得碳基坯料;
S8、浸金属,焙烧后的碳基坯料在1200℃电炉中预热2小时,将铜锡合金加入中频炉中,加热至1300℃,使其完全熔化成熔体,将熔体倒入碳基坯料中,确保熔体漫过碳基坯料,加热至1300-1400℃,采用机械加压方式,将浸渍环境保护气体压力增加到14MPa,保持3min后,倒出合金熔体,自然冷却至室温;
S9、将浸金属完成后的坯料取出,加工成所需尺寸精度即可。
Figure 578865DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
实施例三
一种挤压成型铜石墨材料的生产方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1、原料,针状焦,半补强炭黑,人造石墨粉,硅粉,中温沥青,铜锡合金(Cu95%、Sn5%);
所述针状焦平均粒度为-320目,灰分≤0.3%、含硫量≤0.3%、挥发份≤0.3%;
所述半补强炭黑灰分≤0.5%、吸碘值14±6g/Kg、DBP吸收值47±10cm3/100g;
所述人造石墨粉粒度为-200目60-80%,灰分≤1.0%、水分≤1.2%石墨化≥70%;
所述硅粉粒度-320目≥85%,硅含量≥95% ;
所述中温沥青的软化点75-90℃,结焦值为≥60%,灰分≤0.50%;
S2、干粉混捏,将针状焦、半补强炭黑、人造石墨粉、硅粉按81:8:6:5重量份数比混合均匀;
针状焦由以下不同粒径针状焦的按重量百分比构成:
粒度-320目65-75% 32wt%
粒度-320目50-65% 28wt%
0.5mm筛下物(-32目全通过) 21wt%。
S3、沥青粘接,将S2中混好的原料与中温熔化沥青按重量份数比10:4混合,搅拌均匀;
S4、轧片,将S3中搅拌均匀的原料通过辊轧机压制成薄片,片厚≤1.5mm,并回混;
S5、打料柱,将S4得到的料糊在1MN压力机压力机上模压成型后,放到150℃恒温箱中保温待挤压;
S6、挤压,将S5得到的料柱在带排气装置的8MN挤压机上挤压成型,挤压机腔体温度≥150℃,挤压模嘴温度160-170℃,挤压压力6MPa,用靠模板整形,自然冷却,获得尺寸规格为28mm×55mm×1050mm;
S7、焙烧,将S6制备好的毛坯放入焙烧炉中进行焙烧,其温度控制方式如下:
室温-300℃,自由升温,保持2小时;
300-750℃,按5℃/h升温,保持12小时;
750-900℃,按10℃/h升温,保持6小时;
900-1300℃,按15℃/h升温,保持5小时;
自然冷却后,获得碳基坯料;
S8、浸金属,焙烧后的碳基坯料在1200℃电炉中预热2小时,将铜锡合金加入中频炉中,加热至1300℃,使其完全熔化成熔体,将熔体倒入碳基坯料中,确保熔体漫过碳基坯料,加热至1300-1400℃,采用机械加压方式,将浸渍环境保护气体压力增加到14MPa,保持3min后,倒出合金熔体,自然冷却至室温;
S9、将浸金属完成后的坯料取出,加工成所需尺寸精度即可。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明专利的限制,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、原料,针状焦,半补强炭黑,人造石墨粉,硅粉,中温沥青,铜锡合金;
S2、干粉混捏,将针状焦、半补强炭黑、人造石墨粉、硅粉按80-85:5-10:3-9:3-8重量份数比混合均匀;
S3、沥青粘接,将S2中混好的原料与中温熔化沥青按重量份数比10:3-5混合,搅拌均匀;
S4、轧片,将S3中搅拌均匀的原料通过辊轧机压制成薄片,片厚≤1.5mm,并回混;
S5、打料柱,将S4得到的料糊在1MN压力机压力机上模压成型后,放到150℃恒温箱中保温待挤压;
S6、挤压,将S5得到的料柱在带排气装置的8MN挤压机上挤压成型,挤压机腔体温度≥150℃,挤压模嘴温度160-170℃,挤压压力6MPa,用靠模板整形,自然冷却;
S7、焙烧,将S6制备好的毛坯放入焙烧炉中进行焙烧,其温度控制方式如下:
室温-300℃,自由升温,保持2小时;
300-750℃,按5℃/h升温,保持12小时;
750-900℃,按10℃/h升温,保持6小时;
900-1300℃,按15℃/h升温,保持5小时;
自然冷却后,获得碳基坯料;
S8、浸金属,焙烧后的碳基坯料在1200℃电炉中预热2小时,将铜锡合金加入中频炉中,加热至1300℃,使其完全熔化成熔体,将熔体倒入碳基坯料中,确保熔体漫过碳基坯料,加热至1300-1400℃,采用机械加压方式,将浸渍环境保护气体压力增加到13-14MPa,保持3-5min后,倒出合金熔体,自然冷却至室温;
S9、将浸金属完成后的坯料取出,加工成所需尺寸精度即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其特征在于:所述铜锡合金中各成分含量为:Cu90-95%、Sn5-10%;
所述针状焦平均粒度为-320目,灰分≤0.3%、含硫量≤0.3%、挥发份≤0.3%;
所述半补强炭黑灰分≤0.5%、吸碘值14±6g/Kg、DBP吸收值47±10cm3/100g;
所述人造石墨粉粒度为-200目60-80%,灰分≤1.0%、水分≤1.2%石墨化≥70%;
所述硅粉粒度-320目≥85%,硅含量≥95% ;
所述中温沥青的软化点75-90℃,结焦值为≥40%,灰分≤0.50%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其特征在于,S6中根据挤压模嘴尺寸不同,可以得到不同长度、宽度和厚度的碳石墨毛坯料。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其特征在于,S7中装炉方法采用铁坩埚装制品,要立装,制品之间要留一定间隙,并用细填料填实,以防止产品氧化和断裂。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其特征在于,S8中采用石墨化处理的浸渍石墨坩埚,外加保护层,可有效防止石墨坩埚氧化,延长使用寿命,降低生产成本。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种挤压成型铜石墨材料生产方法,其特征在于,针状焦由以下不同粒径针状焦的按重量百分比构成:
粒度-320目65-75% 30~34wt%
粒度-320目50-65% 28~30wt%
0.5mm筛下物(-32目全通过) 18~22wt%。
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