CN113184136A

CN113184136A - Ship launching method and hydraulic slope changing system thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113184136A
Application number: CN202110593719.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余勇; 李爱凤
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-28
Filing date: 2021-05-28
Publication date: 2021-07-30

Abstract

A ship launching method and a hydraulic variable slope system thereof are disclosed, wherein a ship is borne on a ship row trolley, the ship row trolley stops being fixed on a variable slope slideway, one end of the variable slope slideway is hinged on a ground foundation shaft seat, the other end of the variable slope slideway is a freely rotating amplitude-changing end, and the freely rotating end can be connected with an inclined slideway; the lower plane load point of the variable slope slideway steel structure body is connected with a ball joint mechanism at the end part of a piston of the hydraulic cylinder, and the bottom end part of a cylinder body at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on a pit bottom surface foundation shaft pin seat below. The invention is applied to ship manufacturing sites with large difference between river bank and river channel, the variable slope slideway can be changed into a horizontal platform or an inclined slideway through the action rotation of the hydraulic system, thereby reducing the occupation of too much site by the slideway, achieving the purposes of saving the construction land of a shipyard and improving the efficiency of ship launching operation.

Description

Ship launching method and hydraulic slope changing system thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ship manufacturing, in particular to a ship launching method and a hydraulic slope changing system thereof.

Background

Launching a ship is a process of moving a ship building area to a water area. The construction area of a ship is a slipway or dock, and thus, launching a ship is a process of moving a ship from a slipway or dock to a water area. The gravity type launching of the water under the ship, the floating type launching and the mechanized launching are suitable for most ships. Gravity type launching is divided into a transverse form and a longitudinal form according to the posture, wherein the longitudinal launching mode is as follows: a slipway is arranged under the ship, the ship slides in water along the slipway under the action of gravity, the stern of the ship firstly enters water, and then the whole ship body gradually enters water to finish entering water. The launching slipway is divided into a horizontal section and an inclined section, and the launching ship slides from the horizontal section to the inclined degree and finally slides to the water surface for launching. The intersection point of the horizontal section and the inclined section on the longitudinal section is called a slope change point, and when a ship passes through the slope change point, if the angle of the slope change point is too large or the length of the ship is longer, a slide bump generated by the slope change point is likely to be in friction collision with the bottom of the ship body, so that the bottom of the ship body is damaged. Therefore, the inclination of the variable slope has strict requirements in ship launching regulations.

In the river basin of Guangxi and Guangdong West river in China, the fall between certain river banks and river channels is large and even reaches 20-30 meters. Because the inclination angle of the slope change of the slide way needs to be ensured, the inclined slide way needs to be designed to be very long in a ship manufacturing factory, a large amount of land on the river bank is occupied, the construction cost of a construction site and the slide way is increased, even the condition that the length of the slide way is as long as several kilometers is achieved, the actual condition is not met very much, and the further development of the local ship manufacturing industry is greatly limited. On the other hand, the ship is circulated and moved into the water by using the traditional air bag slide way, so that a large amount of time, manpower and material resources are needed, and the efficiency is extremely low.

The following publications are searched for relating to a ship launching slope-changing system:

1. a multi-support ship automatic slope-changing longitudinal slideway; application No.: CN 94119414.0; the applicant: the ninth design research institute of the China general Ship Industrial Co., Ltd, abstract: a multi-support ship automatic slope-changing longitudinal slideway is characterized in that an inner or outer auxiliary rail formed by tangency of a straight line section and a curve section is arranged on the inner side or the outer side of a slideway rail at a slope-changing section of the slideway, and the top height of the auxiliary rail in the same section is larger than that of the slideway rail. The automatic slope changing of the pier or the launching of the ship by adopting the slipway has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and high working efficiency, and saves a special device for changing the slope of the ship, thereby obviously reducing the manufacturing cost of ship slipway engineering.

The slope changing system has the advantages of complex structure, lower efficiency and insufficient and simple operation. How to realize efficient and convenient ship slope-changing launching becomes a constantly-striving goal for those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ship launching method and a hydraulic slope-changing system thereof, which are applied to ship manufacturing sites with large difference between a river bank and a river channel, and a slope-changing slideway can rotate through the action of a hydraulic system and is changed into a horizontal platform or an inclined slideway, so that the occupation of excessive sites by the slideway is reduced, the construction land of a shipyard is saved, and the ship launching operation efficiency is improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the ship launching method of the system comprises the following steps:

(1) when the ship and the ship row trolley are fixed on the variable slope slideway, the hydraulic cylinder is jacked, the variable slope slideway is in a horizontal state, and the hydraulic bolt is inserted and fixed;

(2) connecting and riveting a cable with a winch, a bow and the head of a ship row trolley, wherein the cable is supported by a fixed pulley A and a fixed pulley B;

(3) the hydraulic bolt is pulled out, the hydraulic cylinder slowly descends until the free end of the slope-changing slideway is connected with the inclined slideway, and hydraulic slope-changing operation is completed;

(4) slowly releasing the cable by the winch, and sliding the ship downwards along the inclined slideway until the ship completely enters the water surface;

(5) and (4) unwinding the cable at the bow of the ship, and pulling the ship row trolley to the original position by the winch to finish ship launching.

The ship launching hydraulic variable slope system is characterized in that a ship is borne on a ship row trolley, the ship row trolley stops being fixed on a variable slope slideway, one end of the variable slope slideway is hinged to a ground foundation shaft seat, the other end of the variable slope slideway is a freely-rotating amplitude-changing end, and the freely-rotating end can be connected with an inclined slideway; the lower plane load point of the variable slope slideway steel structure body is connected with a ball joint mechanism at the end part of a piston of the hydraulic cylinder, and the bottom end part of a cylinder body at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on a pit bottom surface foundation shaft pin seat below.

When a ship is parked on the variable slope slideway, the hydraulic cylinder is jacked, and the variable slope slideway is horizontally arranged; when the preparation work is finished and the ship needs to launch, the hydraulic cylinder descends, and the free end of the slope-changing slideway descends to be connected with the inclined slideway. The slope-changing slideway can be converted into a part of the inclined slideway, and the slope-changing process is completed by using a hydraulic system.

The tail part of the ship faces the water surface, and the head part of the ship row trolley are connected with a winch fixed on the ground through a cable. The winch pulls the ship and controls the gliding speed of the ship.

And a plurality of fixed pulleys B are arranged on the ground and supported below the horizontal section of the cable. The fixed pulley B is used for supporting the lower part of the bent cable so that the cable does not rub against the ground during moving.

And a fixed pulley A is arranged on the ground close to the slope-changing slideway and supported below the cable. The fixed pulley A has the function that after the slope-changing slideway is changed into the inclined slideway, the fixed pulley A forms a sliding fulcrum of the corner of the cable.

The hydraulic cylinders are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns, are multi-stage hydraulic cylinders or single-stage hydraulic cylinders, and are driven to stretch and retract through hydraulic stations arranged in the pit. The hydraulic cylinder arranged at the free end closest to the variable slope slideway adopts a three-stage or four-stage hydraulic cylinder due to longer stroke; the hydraulic cylinder close to the hinged end of the variable slope slideway adopts a single-stage hydraulic cylinder due to the short stroke; the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder close to the middle is moderate, and a secondary hydraulic cylinder is adopted.

The pit bottom below the variable slope slide is also provided with a plurality of supporting piers which are arranged between the hydraulic cylinders, and the upper end inclined plane of each supporting pier is matched with the position of the lower bottom surface of the variable slope slide when the variable slope slide descends, so that the variable slope slide is supported and borne. The supporting pier stud is of a reinforced concrete structure and is poured together with the foundation of the ground of the pit. When the slope-changing slideway completely descends, the weight of the slope-changing slideway is completely loaded, and the hydraulic cylinder can be completely relieved and stopped. In the launching stage of the ship, when the ship raft trolley walks on the variable slope slideway to generate variable load, enough supporting points are arranged below the variable slope slideway, so that the variable slope slideway is prevented from bending and deforming due to insufficient rigidity, the steel consumption of the variable slope slideway can be reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.

And guide wheels are arranged on two sides of the variable slope slideway respectively, and embedded steel plates are arranged at the corresponding positions of the contact side walls of the guide wheels. The guide pulley plays the role of: the side support is provided with the guiding and supporting functions in the movement process of the variable slope slideway, so that the reliability and the stability of the variable slope slideway during action are improved.

A plurality of horizontal uniformly-distributed bolt holes are uniformly distributed in two sides of the slope-changing slideway, and hydraulic bolts are arranged in positions corresponding to the side walls and can be extended out to be inserted into the bolt holes. When the variable slope slideway moves to the horizontal position, the wedge-shaped bolt extends out of the bolt hole to be inserted into the bolt hole to support the variable slope slideway, at the moment, the hydraulic cylinder at the bottom can maintain pressure and stop, and the variable slope slideway can also maintain the horizontal position under the fixation of system pressure maintaining and hydraulic bolt group.

And a plurality of inclined slide pile foundations are arranged below the inclined slide. Prevent that the slope slide from subsiding, strengthen the foundation intensity under the slide.

And a hydraulic cylinder pile foundation is arranged at the bottom of each hydraulic cylinder. The foundation below the hydraulic cylinder is prevented from settling, and the hydraulic cylinder is prevented from offsetting to cause the failure of the whole hydraulic lifting system.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the variable-slope slipway is applied to ship manufacturing sites with large difference between the river bank and the river channel, and the variable-slope slipway can be rotated by the action of the hydraulic system and converted into a horizontal platform or an inclined slipway, so that the phenomenon that the launching slipway is too long and occupies too much space is reduced, and the effect of saving the construction land of a manufacturing plant is achieved; when no ship launching task is available, the function of the variable slope bridge in the horizontal form is equivalent to the function of the road surface, and the multi-purpose function of the variable slope slideway is realized.

(2) The ship launching process is safe and stable, the ship launching efficiency is greatly improved, the transition region between the horizontal section and the inclined section of the launching slideway is avoided, the bottom of the ship hull and the salient points of the slideway are ensured not to collide, and the safety of the ship hull is ensured.

(3) The invention has compact integral structure, reasonable arrangement of all parts and convenient and fast maintenance.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention (the variable slope chute is in a horizontal state);

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention (the variable slope chute is in an inclined state);

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the slope varying system in a shipbuilding area;

the components in the figure are identified as: 1. a vessel; 2. a ship row trolley; 3. a variable slope slideway; 31. a guide wheel; 32. pre-burying a steel plate; 33. a pin hole; 34. a hydraulic bolt; 4. a fixed pulley A; 5. a fixed pulley B; 6. a winch; 7. a hydraulic cylinder; 8. inclining the slideway; 9. an inclined slideway pile foundation; 10. and (5) a hydraulic cylinder pile foundation.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method of launching a vessel, comprising the steps of:

(1) when the ship and the ship row trolley are fixed on the variable slope slideway, the hydraulic cylinder is jacked, and the variable slope slideway is in a horizontal state;

(3) the hydraulic cylinder slowly descends until the free end of the slope-changing slideway is connected with the inclined slideway, and hydraulic slope-changing operation is completed;

A ship launching hydraulic variable slope system is characterized in that a ship 1 is borne on a ship row trolley 2, the ship row trolley 2 is stopped to be fixed on a variable slope slideway 3, one end of the variable slope slideway 3 is hinged to a ground foundation shaft seat, the other end of the variable slope slideway is a freely-rotating amplitude-changing end, and the freely-rotating end can be connected with an inclined slideway 8; the lower plane load point of the variable slope slideway 3 steel structure body is connected with a ball joint mechanism at the end part of a piston of the hydraulic cylinder 7, and the bottom end part of a cylinder body at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is hinged on a pit bottom surface basic shaft pin seat below.

The tail part of the ship 1 faces the water surface, and the head part of the ship 1 and the head part of the row of trolleys 2 are connected with a winch 6 on the ground through cables.

The ground is provided with a plurality of fixed pulleys B5 supported below the horizontal section of the cable.

A fixed pulley A4 is arranged on the ground at a position close to the slope-changing slideway 3 and is supported below the cable.

The hydraulic cylinders 7 are arranged in seven rows and three columns, the hydraulic cylinders 7 are multi-stage hydraulic cylinders or single-stage hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinders 7 are driven to extend and retract through hydraulic stations arranged in the pit.

The pit bottom below the variable slope slideway 3 is also provided with a plurality of supporting piers 71, the supporting piers 71 are arranged between the hydraulic cylinders 7, and the upper end inclined plane of the supporting piers 71 is matched with the lower bottom surface position of the variable slope slideway 3 when descending, and plays a role in supporting and bearing the variable slope slideway 3. The cross section of the supporting pier 71 is rectangular, the size of the rectangle can be 1200 x 1000mm or 1000 x 800mm, and the long side of the rectangular is in the same direction as the length of the variable slope slideway 3.

Guide wheels 31 are respectively arranged on two sides of the variable slope slideway 3, and embedded steel plates 32 are arranged at the corresponding positions of the contact side walls of the guide wheels 31.

Two sides of the slope-changing slideway 3 are respectively provided with 10 horizontal uniformly-distributed bolt holes 33, and the corresponding positions of the side walls are provided with hydraulic bolts 34 which can be extended and inserted into the bolt holes 33.

And a plurality of inclined slide pile foundations 9 are arranged below the inclined slide 8.

And a hydraulic cylinder pile foundation 10 is arranged at the bottom of each hydraulic cylinder 7.

The application example is as follows:

the ship launching hydraulic slope changing system shown in fig. 1 is located in a ship building company in the west river, Guangxi, and the slope changing system is arranged in the middle of a ship moving area in a ship building area and is connected with an up-and-down inclined slide way. After finishing the coating of the ship, the whole ship is transferred to a slope changing area through the transfer track equipment in the ship moving area, the ship is placed and carried on the ship row trolley, and the slope changing slideway is in a horizontal state at the moment.

The variable slope slideway has the length of 70m and the width of 20m, and can bear the jacking weight of about 1000 tons; seven rows and 3 rows of hydraulic cylinders are arranged at the bottom, the first, second and third liquid discharge hydraulic cylinders are three-stage cylinders, the maximum jacking height is 10m, the fourth and fifth liquid discharge hydraulic cylinders are two-stage cylinders, and the sixth and seventh liquid discharge hydraulic cylinders are single-stage cylinders.

The launching hydraulic slope changing system adopted by the invention has the following technical effects:

1. according to the original traditional design, according to the design that the gradient is 1:80, the fall between a river bank and a river channel is 30 meters, and the length of an original variable-slope slideway needs to be designed to be about 2400 m; after the design of the slope changing system is changed, the total length of the slope changing slideway is only 370 meters, and the slope of the slope changing slideway can be changed into 1:13, so that the length of the slideway can be saved by 2030 meters.

2. According to the design of the original traditional air bag slide way, the time required for ship launching is calculated to be about 20 hours, and the calculation of the ship launching time can be completed within 1 hour by using the slope-changing system slide way, so that the efficiency is improved by tens of times.

Claims

1. A ship launching method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

2. A hydraulic variable slope system adopted by a ship launching method is characterized in that: the ship (1) is borne on the ship row trolley (2), the ship row trolley (2) is stopped and fixed on the variable slope slideway (3), one end of the variable slope slideway (3) is hinged on a ground foundation shaft seat, the other end of the variable slope slideway is a free rotating amplitude-changing end, and the free rotating end can be connected with the inclined slideway (8); the lower plane load point of the steel structure body of the slope-changing slideway (3) is connected with a ball joint mechanism at the end part of a piston of a hydraulic cylinder (7), and the bottom end part of a cylinder body at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder (7) is hinged on a pin seat of a pit bottom foundation shaft below.

3. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the tail part of the ship (1) faces the water surface, and the head part of the ship (1) and the head part of the ship row trolley (2) are connected with a winch (6) on the ground through a cable.

4. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a plurality of fixed pulleys B (5) are arranged on the ground and supported below the horizontal section of the cable.

5. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a fixed pulley A (4) is arranged on the ground close to the slope-changing slideway (3) and supported below the cable.

6. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hydraulic cylinders (7) are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns, the hydraulic cylinders (7) are multi-stage hydraulic cylinders or single-stage hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinders (7) are driven to stretch and retract through hydraulic stations arranged in the pit.

7. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: become the pit end of slope slide (3) below still sets up a plurality of pier studs (71) that support, supports pier stud (71) and arranges between pneumatic cylinder (7), supports lower bottom surface position when pier stud (71) upper end inclined plane and slope slide (3) descend and matches and play the effect that supports and bear slope slide (3).

8. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: guide wheels (31) are respectively arranged on two sides of the variable slope slideway (3), and embedded steel plates (32) are arranged at corresponding positions of the contact side walls of the guide wheels (31).

9. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: a plurality of horizontal uniformly-distributed bolt holes (33) are uniformly distributed on two sides of the slope-changing slideway (3), and hydraulic bolts (34) are arranged at positions corresponding to the side walls and can be inserted into the bolt holes (33) in a stretching mode.

10. The hydraulic slope-changing system used in the ship launching method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a hydraulic cylinder pile foundation (10) is arranged at the bottom of each hydraulic cylinder (7).