CN113183551A - 一种多功能复合型相变薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种多功能复合型相变薄膜,属于相变材料技术领域。所述复合型相变薄膜为将两层或两层以上的单层相变薄膜按照一定的顺序叠加复合形成。本发明还提供所述复合型相变薄膜的制备方法:将相变材料封装在超薄膜层内形成单层相变薄膜,并将两层或多层单层相变薄膜按照一定的顺序叠加复合在一起,得到多功能复合型相变薄膜。本发明将不同温度区间的相变材料封装于薄膜内,形成相变薄膜,并将不同薄膜进行叠加复合,形成多功能复合型相变薄膜,具备在不同温度区间的相变能力,可以在不同温度区间吸收或放出热量。本发明复合型相变薄膜适用于需要控制持续发热或不同温度的场景,如电动汽车电池包、电池储能系统电池模块内等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于相变材料技术领域,具体为一种多功能复合型相变薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
在当今化石能源污染严重且逐渐枯竭的大形势下,可再生能源越来越受到各个国家的重视,尤其是以锂离子电池为代表的清洁能源应用更为明显。锂离子电池以其优越的性能已经广泛应用于消费电子产品、电动汽车、储能等领域,以电动汽车为例,其在能量效率和降低排放方面具有比传统燃油车辆更好的优势,因而得到世界范围内多数国家的重视。
电动汽车的性能和品质在很大程度上依赖其所配置的电池包的性能,特别是电池的可靠性能、循环性能和成本等。在电池包进行实际运行的充电和放电过程中,会产生大量热量,如果热管理设计不足所引起的温升和温度不均衡将会导致电池组的性能快速恶化、失效、甚至热失控已发着火事故。当前在热管理方面主要以风冷和液冷为主,两种方式各有自己的优缺点。
相变材料(PCM-Phase Change Material)是指温度不变的情况下改变物质状态并能提供潜热的物质。转变物理性质的过程称为相变过程,这时相变材料将吸收或释放大量的潜热。此吸热或放热过程可广泛应用与建筑、制冷、工业、航空、军事等领域。相变材料可分为有机(Organic)和无机(Inorganic)相变材料。亦可分为水合盐(Hydrated Salts)相变材料和蜡质(Paraffin Wax)相变材料,我们最常见的相变材料---水属于无机相变材料,且是具有334kJ/kg焓变的优良相变材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种多功能复合型相变薄膜及其制备方法,本发明相变薄膜具有多层复合结构,具备多温度区间分段的相变功能。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种多功能复合型相变薄膜,所述复合型相变薄膜包括两层或两层以上的单层相变薄膜。
进一步,所述复合型相变薄膜为将两层或两层以上的单层相变薄膜按照一定的顺序叠加复合形成。
进一步,复合型相变薄膜的厚度不超过3mm。
一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,所述制备方法为:将相变材料封装在超薄膜层内形成单层相变薄膜,并将两层或多层单层相变薄膜按照一定的顺序叠加复合在一起,得到多功能复合型相变薄膜。
进一步,所述相变材料为在-50℃~600℃温度区间内可发生相变的有机,无机或复合相变材料。进一步优选的相变温度区间为-40℃~90℃。
相变材料要求具有较低的相变体积变化率,无过冷过热现象,以及高的熔化潜热、一定的阻燃性、无毒、经济等特点。进一步,所述相变材料包括水、石蜡、六水氯化钙,六水硝酸镁,氯化镁,氯化钠,丙三醇、过硫酸钾、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸、ZnCl2,LiNO3,CaBr2中的一种或多种。
超薄膜层要求具备一定强度可耐受挤压力,具备一定致密性不会漏液,具备弯曲性可弯折进一步。进一步,所述超薄膜层为厚度在1mm以下的薄膜层,包括超薄金属薄膜层、碳纤维膜层、有机无机复合膜层中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述封装包括吸附、热封、压合、胶粘、激光焊接中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述叠加方式包括按照相变温度上升顺序叠加、按照相变温度降低顺序叠加或按照相变温度交叉叠加。
进一步,所述复合方式包括胶粘、热熔、吸附、焊接中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明将相变材料封装于薄膜内,形成不同温度区间的相变薄膜,并将不同薄膜进行叠加复合,形成多功能复合型相变薄膜,具备在不同温度区间的相变能力,可以在不同温度区间吸收或放出热量。
本发明复合型相变薄膜具备阻燃功能,体积变化率低,强度高,厚度小,可弯曲,灵活性好。
本发明复合型相变薄膜可以根据不同相变材料的温度和性能情况灵活的选择封装材料和封装方式,不同单层相变薄膜层可按照温度梯度加减或交叉进行灵活组合。
附图说明
图1为实施例2多功能复合型相变薄膜的结构示意图;
图2为实施例2多功能复合型相变薄膜的叠层切面示意图;
附图标记:1-第一层单层相变薄膜,2为-第二层单层相变薄膜,3-第三层单层相变薄膜。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
本实施例采用两层单层相变薄膜进行叠层设计:
第一层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为20℃的相变恒温材料(质量比32%的六水氯化钙、5%的丙三醇、4.5%的过硫酸钾、4%的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、6.2%的丙烯酸、2.8%的氯化钠和45.5%的水),胶粘封装在0.05mm厚的不锈钢薄膜层内;
第二层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为37℃的聚乙二醇,热封封装在铝塑膜层内;
两层间通过胶粘的方式进行复合,复合厚度为1.1mm。
复合成型后做成薄片形状贴敷于电动汽车电池模块外壳内侧用于散热。
实施例2
本实施例采用三层相变薄膜进行叠层设计:
第一层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为20℃的相变恒温材料(质量比32%的六水氯化钙、5%的丙三醇、4.5%的过硫酸钾、4%的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、6.2%的丙烯酸、2.8%的氯化钠和45.5%的水),胶粘封装在0.05mm厚的不锈钢薄膜内;
第二层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为60℃的石蜡,热封封装在铝塑膜内;
第三层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为20℃的相变恒温材料(质量比32%的六水氯化钙、5%的丙三醇、4.5%的过硫酸钾、4%的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、6.2%的丙烯酸、2.8%的氯化钠和45.5%的水构成),胶粘封装在0.05mm厚的不锈钢薄膜内;
三层间通过胶粘的方式进行复合,复合厚度为1.6mm。
复合成型后做成薄片形状置于锂离子电池模块内两电池间,用于电池模块散热和阻燃。
实施例3
本实施例采用两层相变薄膜进行叠层设计:
第一层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为570℃的硝酸钠和氯化钠混合物,摩尔比例为95.4NaNO3/4.6NaCl,激光焊接封装在0.05mm厚的不锈钢薄膜内;
第二层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为400℃的镁硅酸盐类,激光焊接封装在0.05mm厚的不锈钢薄膜内;
两层间通过焊接的方式进行复合,复合厚度为1.8mm。
复合成型后做成弯曲的带状缠绕于需要350℃温度以上的工业窑炉,用于保证温度不过于降低。
实施例4
本实施例采用四层单层相变薄膜进行叠层设计:
第一层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为0℃的水,热封封装在铝塑膜内;
第二层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为10℃的ZnCl2·3H2O,热封封装在铝塑膜内;
第三层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为30℃的LiNO3·3H2O,热封封装在铝塑膜内;
第四层单层相变薄膜层内含相变温度为34℃的CaBr2·6H2O,热封封装在铝塑膜内。
通过胶粘的方式复合成型后做成薄片形状置于锂离子电池模块内两电池间,用于电池模块散热,尽量维持锂离子电池模块温度在10~30℃的工作区间,在温度变化较大时也可维持在0~34℃的工作区间。
经过四层相变薄膜的制备过程发现,层数的增加带来封装和复合工艺复杂性的提高,基于成本和工艺简单性考虑,不建议进行四层或以上的复合型相变薄膜制备。但如果四层以上层数复合相变薄膜确实需要或具有低成本的可实施性时,可进行制备及应用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种多功能复合型相变薄膜,其特征在于,所述复合型相变薄膜包括两层或两层以上的单层相变薄膜。
2.如权利要求1所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜,其特征在于,所述复合型相变薄膜为将两层或两层以上的单层相变薄膜按照一定的顺序叠加复合形成。
3.如权利要求2所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜,其特征在于,复合型相变薄膜的厚度不超过3mm。
4.如权利要求1至3任一项所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:将相变材料封装在超薄膜层内形成单层相变薄膜,并将两层或多层单层相变薄膜按照一定的顺序叠加复合在一起,得到多功能复合型相变薄膜。
5.如权利要求4所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述相变材料为在-50℃~600℃温度区间内可发生相变的有机,无机或复合相变材料。
6.如权利要求5所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述相变材料包括水、石蜡、六水氯化钙,六水硝酸镁,氯化镁,氯化钠,丙三醇、过硫酸钾、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸、ZnCl2,LiNO3,CaBr2中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求4所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超薄膜层为厚度在1mm以下的薄膜层,包括超薄金属薄膜层、碳纤维膜层、有机无机复合膜层中的一种或多种。
8.如权利要求4所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述封装包括吸附、热封、压合、胶粘、激光焊接中的一种或多种。
9.如权利要求4所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述叠加方式包括按照相变温度上升顺序叠加、按照相变温度降低顺序叠加或按照相变温度交叉叠加。
10.如权利要求4所述一种多功能复合型相变薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合方式包括胶粘、热熔、吸附、焊接中的一种或多种。
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