CN113182893B - Repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for multi-step rotating shaft - Google Patents
Repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for multi-step rotating shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182893B CN113182893B CN202110354154.0A CN202110354154A CN113182893B CN 113182893 B CN113182893 B CN 113182893B CN 202110354154 A CN202110354154 A CN 202110354154A CN 113182893 B CN113182893 B CN 113182893B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of machining, and discloses a repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for a multi-step rotating shaft, which comprises two times of clamping and aligning, wherein the first time of clamping and aligning comprises clamping parts, subsection aligning parts, rechecking a cylinder of a part to be machined, establishing a machining coordinate system, rechecking the circle centers of adjacent base angles of the part to be machined, recording circle center values, and finally completing the first time of clamping and aligning; and the second clamping and aligning comprises clamping parts, sectional aligning parts, and establishing a machining coordinate system according to the inverse calculation of the circle centers of the adjacent base angles of the parts to be machined, so that the second clamping and aligning is finally completed. According to the method, the device and the system, the steps are divided according to actual processing contents, the operation process is simple, the universality is realized, repeated clamping and positioning can be well carried out on parts with any shapes and with multi-step rotating shaft structures, stable processing of the parts is realized under the condition that clamping and positioning accuracy is guaranteed, and the processing quality is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for a multi-step rotating shaft.
Background
In the field of aeronautical manufacturing, after part machining processes are finished, surface treatment operations such as galvanizing and the like are required to be carried out due to requirements on strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of parts, and after the surface treatment is finished, secondary machining (or complementary machining) is required to be carried out on the parts to ensure coaxiality and dimensional accuracy of a matching area due to assembly requirements of the parts. The high-precision rotating shaft parts have high assembly requirements and high requirements on secondary machining (or complementary machining), so that the positioning precision of repeated clamping of the parts is very important for ensuring the size and the matching precision of the rotating shaft subjected to the secondary machining.
At present, a high-precision rotating shaft is mainly formed into a geometric dimension (fixed by a part rotating cutter) through lathe turning in a part state, if a part is formed in secondary machining, a boring machine is used for excircle machining (the part fixing cutter rotates), a certain method is needed before machining, the repeated clamping and positioning precision of the rotating shaft is guaranteed, so that the machining requirement is met, the existing clamping and aligning method is not good in applicability to the part of a special-shaped structure, the repeated clamping and positioning precision of the part of the special-shaped structure cannot be guaranteed, and stable machining of the part cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and defects in the prior art, the application provides the repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for the multi-step rotating shaft.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:
a repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for a multi-step rotating shaft comprises two times of clamping and aligning, wherein the first clamping and aligning comprises clamping parts, subsection aligning parts, rechecking a cylinder of a part to be machined, establishing a machining coordinate system, rechecking circle centers of adjacent base angles of the part to be machined, recording circle center values, and finally completing the first clamping and aligning; and the second clamping and alignment comprises a clamping part, a sectional alignment part, a machining coordinate system is established according to the inverse calculation of the circle centers of the adjacent base angles of the parts to be machined, and finally the second clamping and alignment is completed.
Further, in the first clamping and aligning, establishing the machining coordinate system specifically means establishing the machining coordinate system through the circle center of the to-be-machined part, and taking the circle centers of the adjacent base angles as a rechecking basis to ensure the correctness of the relative position relationship between the established machining coordinate system and the part.
3. The repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for the multi-step rotating shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first clamping and aligning method comprises the following specific steps:
a1, clamping parts, adopting the excircle part of the multi-step shaft as a positioning cylinder, and clamping the first-step cylinder and the third-step cylinder by using a clamping mechanism to ensure that the straightness of the shaft is less than or equal to 0.1mm during clamping;
a2, aligning the second-stage cylinder in sections, uniformly distributing four points according to the length of the second-stage cylinder, aligning the straightness and the height of the second-stage cylinder by using a lever meter, a vernier caliper or a height gauge, controlling the error within 0.01mm, and recording the Y values of the four points for later use;
a3, rechecking a fourth-order cylinder to be processed, uniformly distributing two points according to the length of the fourth-order cylinder, and rechecking Y values of the two points by using a lever table;
a4, finding out the center of a fourth-order cylinder to be processed by using a lever table, establishing a processing coordinate system by using the center of the fourth-order cylinder as a processing origin, and recording the value of the center of the circle for later use;
a5, rechecking the circle centers of the adjacent base angles of the fourth-order cylinder to be processed by using a lever meter, and recording the circle center value for later use;
and A6, calling the machining coordinate system established in the step A4 to machine the part.
Further, the second clamping and aligning specifically comprises the following steps:
b1, clamping parts, namely, taking the excircle part of the multi-step shaft as a positioning cylinder, and still clamping the first-step cylinder and the third-step cylinder by using a clamping mechanism to ensure that the straightness of the shaft is less than or equal to 0.1mm during clamping;
b2, performing sectional alignment on the second-stage cylinder, and comparing the Y value of the position corresponding to the first sectional alignment to determine the clamping state of the part;
b3, establishing a coordinate system, finding out the circle center of the adjacent base angle of the fourth-order cylinder to be processed by using a lever table, and establishing a processing coordinate system by reverse calculation according to the circle center value recorded in the step A5;
b4, calling the machining coordinate system established in the step B3 to machine the part.
Further, in the step a5, an error between the X value and the Y value of the center of the base angle and the X value and the Y value of the center of the fourth-order cylinder is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
The beneficial effect of this application:
(1) this application is fixed a position to the repeated clamping of carrying on that the optional shape spare part homoenergetic that has the multi-step pivot structure is all can be fine, under the circumstances of guaranteeing that spare part is fixed, can realize the alignment of multi-step pivot structure, and is good to the special-shaped structure part suitability of taking the multi-step pivot, under the condition of guaranteeing clamping positioning accuracy, has realized the stable processing of spare part, has guaranteed processingquality.
(2) This application is adding man-hour, and the location is pressed from both sides tightly and is realized through two cylinders, and the clamping is realized to optional universal fixturing or piece together clamp, has consequently reduced the use of special frock, convenient and fast and with low costs.
(3) This application first clamping alignment and second clamping alignment all fix a position through two cylinders that are the same and press from both sides tightly, consequently can guarantee that the benchmark is unified.
(4) This application only needs the collocation to use general measuring tool such as lever table, slide caliper or tongue to realize straightness accuracy and height alignment, convenient and fast man-hour.
(5) The error values of all stages of the alignment process are specified in detail, adaptability change can be carried out according to tolerance requirements of different parts, and the universality is high.
Drawings
The foregoing and following detailed description of the present application will become more apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-step rotating shaft structure according to the present application.
In the figure:
1. a first-order cylinder; 2. a second-stage cylinder; 3. a third order cylinder; 4. a fourth order cylinder; 5. a bottom corner.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present invention are further described below by specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present application include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for a multi-step rotating shaft, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out first clamping and aligning of the multi-step rotating shaft, wherein clamping parts are used for ensuring the straightness of a clamping cylinder part, then aligning the parts in a segmentation manner, rechecking a cylinder of a part to be processed, establishing a processing coordinate system, rechecking the circle center of an adjacent base angle 5 of the part to be processed and recording the circle center value until the first clamping and aligning is completed; and secondly, performing secondary clamping and alignment of the multi-step rotating shaft, specifically comprising the steps of ensuring the straightness of the clamping cylindrical part by clamping parts, then aligning the parts in sections, and establishing a machining coordinate system according to the inverse calculation of the circle centers of the adjacent base angles 5 of the parts to be machined until the secondary clamping and alignment is completed.
Further, in the first clamping and centering process, a machining coordinate system is established through the circle center of the to-be-machined part, and the circle centers of the adjacent bottom angles 5 are used as a rechecking basis, so that the correctness of the relative position relation between the established machining coordinate system and the part is ensured.
This application is fixed a position to the repeated clamping that carries on that the optional shape spare part homoenergetic that has the multi-step pivot structure is fine, under the circumstances of guaranteeing that spare part is rigid, can realize the alignment of multi-step pivot structure, and is good to the special-shaped structure part suitability of taking the multi-step pivot, under the condition of guaranteeing clamping positioning accuracy, has realized the stable processing of spare part, has guaranteed processingquality.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for a multi-step rotating shaft, which is shown in a figure 2 in the specification, wherein the multi-step rotating shaft comprises four cylindrical parts, namely a first-step cylinder 1, a second-step cylinder 2, a third-step cylinder 3 and a fourth-step cylinder 4, the first-step cylinder 1 and the second-step cylinder 2 are used as positioning cylinders and are used for clamping a whole part in cooperation with a clamping mechanism, and the fourth-step cylinder 4 is a part to be processed of the whole part; further, referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. first clamping and aligning
A1, clamping parts, adopting the excircle part of the multi-step shaft as a positioning cylinder, and clamping the first-step cylinder 1 and the third-step cylinder 3 by using a clamping mechanism to ensure that the straightness of the shaft is less than or equal to 0.1mm during clamping;
a2, aligning the second-stage cylinder 2 in sections, uniformly distributing four points according to the length of the second-stage cylinder 2, referring to the specification and shown in figure 2, wherein the four points are point 1, point 2, point 3 and point 4, aligning the straightness and the height of the second-stage cylinder by using a lever meter, a vernier caliper or a height gauge, controlling the error within 0.01mm, and recording the Y values of the four points for later use;
a3, rechecking a fourth-order cylinder 4 to be processed, uniformly distributing two points according to the length of the fourth-order cylinder 4, referring to the attached drawing 2 in the specification, namely point 5 and point 6, rechecking the Y values of the two points by using a lever table, and judging whether the plating layer structure on the fourth-order cylinder 4 is uniform or not according to the Y values;
a4, finding out the center of a circle of a fourth-order cylinder 4 to be processed by using a lever table, establishing a processing coordinate system by using the center of the circle as a processing origin, and recording the value of the center of the circle for later use;
a5, rechecking the circle centers of the adjacent base angles 5 of the fourth-order cylinder 4 to be processed by using a lever meter, and recording the circle center values for later use;
and A6, calling the machining coordinate system established in the step A4 to machine the part.
B. Second clamping alignment
B1, clamping the parts, and still using a clamping mechanism to clamp the first-stage cylinder 1 and the third-stage cylinder 3, so as to ensure that the axial straightness is less than or equal to 0.1mm during clamping;
b2, aligning the second-stage cylinder 2 in a subsection mode, and comparing the Y value of the position corresponding to the first subsection alignment to determine the clamping state of the part;
b3, establishing a coordinate system, finding out the circle center of the adjacent base angle 5 of the fourth-order cylinder 4 to be processed by using a lever table, and establishing a processing coordinate system through back calculation according to the circle center value recorded in the step A5;
b4, calling the machining coordinate system established in the step B3 to machine the part.
Further, in step a4, when the machining coordinate system is established, the machining coordinate system may be shifted by a certain distance in the Z direction according to actual conditions, and after the machining coordinate system is established, the circle center value is recorded for standby.
Further, in the step a5, an error between the X value and the Y value of the center of the base angle 5 and the X value and the Y value of the center of the fourth-order cylinder 4 is less than or equal to 0.01mm, that is, the X value of the center of the base angle 5 and the X value of the center of the fourth-order cylinder 4 need to be substantially consistent, and the error cannot exceed 0.01mm, and similarly, the Y value of the center of the base angle 5 and the Y value of the center of the fourth-order cylinder 4 also need to be substantially consistent, and the error cannot exceed 0.01 mm.
This application is adding man-hour, and first clamping alignment and second clamping alignment are all fixed a position through two the same cylinders and are pressed from both sides tightly, consequently can guarantee that the benchmark is unified, because two cylinders through spare part realize that the fixed a position presss from both sides tightly, consequently optional universal fixturing or piece together press from both sides and realize the clamping, so still reduced the use of special frock, convenient and fast and with low costs.
Further, this application only need the collocation to use general measuring tool such as lever table, slide caliper or tongue to realize straightness accuracy and height alignment, convenient and fast when processing.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, which are not limited thereto, and any simple modifications and equivalents thereof according to the technical spirit of the present invention may be made within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for a multi-step rotating shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises two times of clamping and aligning, wherein the first clamping and aligning comprises clamping parts, sectional aligning parts, rechecking a cylinder of a part to be processed, establishing a processing coordinate system, rechecking the circle centers of adjacent base angles (5) of the part to be processed, recording the circle center value, and finally completing the first clamping and aligning; the second clamping and alignment comprises a clamping part, a sectional alignment part, a machining coordinate system is established according to the inverse calculation of the circle centers of the adjacent base angles (5) of the parts to be machined, and the second clamping and alignment is finally completed;
in the first clamping and alignment, the establishment of the machining coordinate system specifically means that the machining coordinate system is established through the circle center of the part to be machined, and the circle centers of the adjacent base angles (5) are used as a rechecking basis, so that the correctness of the relative position relationship between the established machining coordinate system and the part is ensured.
2. The repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for the multi-step rotating shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first clamping and aligning method comprises the following specific steps:
a1, clamping parts, adopting the excircle part of the multi-step shaft as a positioning cylinder, and clamping the first-step cylinder (1) and the third-step cylinder (3) by using a clamping mechanism to ensure that the straightness of the shaft is less than or equal to 0.1mm during clamping;
a2, aligning the second-order cylinder (2) in sections, uniformly distributing four points according to the length of the second-order cylinder (2), aligning the straightness and the height of the second-order cylinder (2) by using a lever meter, a vernier caliper or a height gauge, controlling the error within 0.01mm, and recording the Y values of the four points for later use;
a3, rechecking a fourth-order cylinder (4) to be processed, uniformly distributing two points according to the length of the fourth-order cylinder (4), and rechecking Y values of the two points by using a lever table;
a4, finding out the center of a fourth-order cylinder (4) to be processed by using a lever table, establishing a processing coordinate system by using the center of the circle as a processing origin, and recording the value of the center of the circle for later use;
a5, rechecking the circle centers of the adjacent base angles (5) of the fourth-order cylinder (4) to be processed by using a lever meter, and recording the circle center values for later use;
and A6, calling the machining coordinate system established in the step A4 to machine the part.
3. The repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for the multi-step rotating shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second clamping and aligning comprises the following specific steps:
b1, clamping parts, adopting the excircle part of the multi-step shaft as a positioning cylinder, and clamping the first-step cylinder (1) and the third-step cylinder (3) by using a clamping mechanism to ensure that the straightness of the shaft is less than or equal to 0.1mm during clamping;
b2, aligning the second-stage cylinder (2) in a subsection mode, and comparing the Y value of the position corresponding to the first subsection alignment to determine the clamping state of the part;
b3, establishing a coordinate system, finding out the circle center of the adjacent base angle (5) of the fourth-order cylinder (4) to be processed by using a lever table, and establishing a processing coordinate system by back calculation according to the circle center value recorded in the step A5;
b4, calling the machining coordinate system established in the step B3 to machine the part.
4. The repeated clamping, positioning and aligning method for the multi-step rotating shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step A5, the error between the X value and the Y value of the center of the base angle (5) and the X value and the Y value of the center of the fourth-order cylinder is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
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| CN111571272A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-25 | 大连理工大学 | Accurate alignment method for rotary parts |
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| DE102012205599A1 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-10 | Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik Gmbh | Reduction of errors of a rotating device in the determination of coordinates of a workpiece or in the machining of a workpiece |
| CN104139321B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-08-10 | 上海拓璞数控科技有限公司 | Large-sized structural parts in site measurement automatic capturing system and aligning method thereof |
| KR20150091856A (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-12 | 두산인프라코어 주식회사 | Method for Aligning Center of Workpiece in Machine Tool and Numerical Control Apparatus Using The Same |
| CN106141809A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-23 | 航天海鹰(镇江)特种材料有限公司 | The pinpoint method of frock |
| CN106312690B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-03-09 | 杭州天扬机械有限公司 | The center of circle aligning method of aviation rotary part machining benchmark circle |
| CN107900781B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2023-09-22 | 河北工业大学 | Calibration device and calibration method for contact type online detection system of lathe |
| CN108247422B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-12-18 | 成都弘佛科技有限公司 | Automatic alignment method for journal parts in numerical control machining machine tool |
| CN109366220B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-11-06 | 上海大学 | Workpiece positioning method and system |
| CN111687653A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-09-22 | 沈阳富创精密设备有限公司 | Postweld machining process for large-head step long shaft part |
| CN111644878B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-07-16 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for accurately and quickly aligning rotary parts on machine |
| CN112296753B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-09-03 | 苏州千机智能技术有限公司 | Iteration-based on-machine measurement workpiece clamping position alignment method |
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| CN111571272A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-25 | 大连理工大学 | Accurate alignment method for rotary parts |
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