CN113179132A - Optical Fourier transform chip and system - Google Patents
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- CN113179132A CN113179132A CN202110328298.9A CN202110328298A CN113179132A CN 113179132 A CN113179132 A CN 113179132A CN 202110328298 A CN202110328298 A CN 202110328298A CN 113179132 A CN113179132 A CN 113179132A
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Abstract
The optical Fourier transform chip and the system provided by the embodiment of the application are applied to the technical field of chips and comprise a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, wherein the optical resonant cavities are arranged in parallel and comprise resonant rings and phase shifters; for any optical resonant cavity, the output end of the resonant ring is connected with the input end of the phase shifter; and the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of the coupler, wherein when I is more than or equal to 2, the input end of the I-th coupler is connected with the output end of the I-1-th coupler and the output end of the I + 1-th phase shifter, and when I is equal to 1, the input end of the 1-th coupler is connected with the output ends of the 1-th and 2-th phase shifters. The Fourier transform can be carried out, and the volume of the optical fiber can be greatly reduced because the optical fiber only comprises a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, so that the weight of a dispersion element is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of chip technologies, and in particular, to an optical fourier transform chip and an optical fourier transform system.
Background
In many fields such as communication, military radar, electronic warfare, in the course of carrying out information processing, often will obtain signal frequency information through fourier transform. Conventional electronic-based fourier transform methods are limited by the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter and the ability to process digital signals, often with significant processing delays as the data volume is increased, and therefore, measurement of wideband signals is difficult to achieve. Optical fourier transform is used as an emerging frequency measurement means. The Fourier transform can be realized by utilizing the characteristic that light with different frequencies has different propagation speeds in a dispersion medium, and digital signal processing is not needed, so the frequency spectrum acquisition speed is greatly increased.
However, in the existing optical fourier transform, the dispersive element is generally implemented by an optical fiber, a fiber grating or other structures based on spatial diffraction. These dispersive elements are typically large, high loss, large transmission delay, and inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an optical fourier transform chip and an optical fourier transform system, so as to solve the problem of low efficiency of a dispersion element in the prior art. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an optical fourier transform chip is provided, where the optical fourier transform chip includes a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, and the optical resonant cavities are arranged in parallel, and include resonant rings and phase shifters;
for any optical resonant cavity, the output end of the resonant ring is connected with the input end of the phase shifter;
and the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of the coupler, wherein when I is more than or equal to 2, the input end of the I-th coupler is connected with the output end of the I-1-th coupler and the output end of the I + 1-th phase shifter, and when I is equal to 1, the input end of the 1-th coupler is connected with the output ends of the 1-th and 2-th phase shifters.
Optionally, the phase change of the phase shifter is respectively:
wherein M belongs to N, and N is a positive integer larger than 2.
Optionally, the coupling coefficients of the coupler are respectively:
wherein, tStraight-through, kRepresenting the coupling coefficient, t, of the kth coupler through-arm optical fieldCoupling, kThe coupling coefficient representing the optical field of the coupling arm of the kth coupler, j being the imaginary unit.
Optionally, the chip is configured to receive chirped light pulses, and separate chirped light pulses with different center frequencies by dispersion, where a dispersion value in the dispersion process is:
FSRringis the free spectral range of the optical resonator.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is also provided an optical fourier transform system, including: the system comprises a chirp light pulse generating module, a radio frequency signal modulating module, a light Fourier transform chip, a photoelectric detector and an oscilloscope;
the chirp optical pulse generating module is used for modulating the radio frequency chirp optical pulse on a single-wavelength optical signal and filtering out a target chirp optical pulse;
the radio frequency signal modulation module is used for modulating a radio frequency signal on a target chirp optical pulse;
the optical Fourier transform chip is used for receiving the target chirp light pulse and separating chirp light pulses with different center frequencies through dispersion;
the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the chirped light pulse after dispersion and converting a detected light signal into an electric signal;
and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the converted electric signal.
Optionally, the chirped light pulse generation module includes:
the single-wave light source submodule is used for generating a single-wave light source signal;
an electro-optical modulator for receiving and modulating chirped light pulses into the single-wave light source signal;
and the optical filter is used for filtering out the target chirped light pulse from the single-wave light source signal.
Optionally, the radio frequency signal modulation module includes:
the first optical coupler is used for receiving the target chirped light pulse filtered by the optical filter, optically coupling the chirped light pulse and transmitting the chirped light pulse to the carrier suppression single sideband modulator and the second optical coupler;
the carrier suppression single sideband modulator is used for receiving and carrying out carrier suppression single sideband modulation on the radio-frequency signal to be detected and the chirped light pulse after optical coupling;
and the second optical coupler is used for receiving and optically coupling the chirped light pulse transmitted by the first optical coupler and the modulated chirped light pulse transmitted by the carrier suppression single sideband modulator.
Optionally, the optical fourier transform chip is specifically configured to receive the coupled chirped light pulse transmitted by the second optical coupler, and separate chirped light pulses with different center frequencies by dispersion.
The embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
the optical Fourier transform chip and the system provided by the embodiment of the application comprise a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, wherein the optical resonant cavities are arranged in parallel and comprise resonant rings and phase shifters; for any optical resonant cavity, the output end of the resonant ring is connected with the input end of the phase shifter; and the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of the coupler, wherein when I is more than or equal to 2, the input end of the I-th coupler is connected with the output end of the I-1-th coupler and the output end of the I + 1-th phase shifter, and when I is equal to 1, the input end of the 1-th coupler is connected with the output ends of the 1-th and 2-th phase shifters. The Fourier transform can be carried out, and the volume of the optical fiber can be greatly reduced because the optical fiber only comprises a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, so that the weight of a dispersion element is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
Of course, not all advantages described above need to be achieved at the same time in the practice of any one product or method of the present application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other embodiments can be obtained by using the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fourier transform chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fourier transform system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3a is a partially enlarged view of the intensity response of the cascaded optical resonator provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3b is a graph of the intensity response of the cascaded optical resonators provided by embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3c is a graph of the intensity response of the cascaded optical resonator provided by embodiments of the present application within the designed bandwidth of an optical Fourier transform chip;
fig. 3d is a schematic diagram of phase-frequency characteristics of the optical fourier transform chip according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3e is a partially enlarged view of a phase-frequency characteristic diagram of the optical fourier transform chip according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the description herein are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
At present, the dispersive element in the optical fourier transform is often implemented by an optical fiber, a fiber grating or other spatial diffraction based structures. On the one hand, such dispersive elements have difficulty achieving large dispersion, so that the frequency resolution in optical fourier transforms is limited, which is generally inferior to GHz. On the other hand, such a dispersion element is generally large in size, high in loss and large in transmission delay, and is difficult to integrate in the current process. The large dispersion devices required in optical fourier transforms are difficult to satisfy.
In order to solve the above problem, in a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an optical fourier transform chip is provided, where the optical fourier transform chip includes a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, the optical resonant cavities are arranged in parallel, and each optical resonant cavity includes a resonant ring and a phase shifter;
for any optical resonant cavity, the output end of the resonant ring is connected with the input end of the phase shifter;
the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of the coupler, wherein when I is larger than or equal to 2, the input end of the I-th coupler is connected with the output end of the I-1-th coupler and the output end of the I + 1-th phase shifter, and when I is equal to 1, the input end of the 1-st coupler is connected with the output ends of the 1-st and the 2-nd phase shifters.
Therefore, the optical Fourier transform chip and the optical Fourier transform system provided by the embodiment of the application can not only perform Fourier transform, but also greatly reduce the volume because the optical Fourier transform chip only comprises a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, thereby reducing the weight of a dispersion element, reducing the energy consumption and improving the efficiency.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fourier transform chip provided in the embodiment of the present application. The optical Fourier transform chip comprises a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, wherein the optical resonant cavities are arranged in parallel and comprise resonant rings and phase shifters;
for any optical resonant cavity, the output end of the resonant ring is connected with the input end of the phase shifter;
the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of the coupler, wherein when I is larger than or equal to 2, the input end of the I-th coupler is connected with the output end of the I-1-th coupler and the output end of the I + 1-th phase shifter, and when I is equal to 1, the input end of the 1-st coupler is connected with the output ends of the 1-st and the 2-nd phase shifters.
The optical resonant cavity may be a cavity in which light waves are reflected back and forth to provide optical energy feedback. The resonance ring is a resonance structure with two ends reflecting vibration waves. The phase shifter is an instrument for measuring the phase change of the optical pulse signal. The coupler may be a conversion device for transmitting signals through the medium of light.
The optical Fourier transform chip is formed by connecting a series of optical resonant cavities in parallel and can be equivalent to an optical resonant cavity. In this equivalent resonator, the intensity response and phase response of each transmission spectrum can be individually controlled by couplers and phase shifters. By designing the response characteristics of each cavity, the optical chip can meet the requirements of different occasions.
Therefore, the optical Fourier transform chip and the optical Fourier transform system provided by the embodiment of the application can not only perform Fourier transform, but also greatly reduce the volume because the optical Fourier transform chip only comprises a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, thereby reducing the weight of a dispersion element, reducing the energy consumption and improving the efficiency.
Optionally, the phase change of the phase shifter is respectively:
wherein M belongs to N, and N is a positive integer larger than 2.
Wherein the resonant frequencies of the optical resonant cavities are different, but the free spectral range is basicallyAre equal. Resonant frequency f of each ring1,f2,f3…fMEqually spaced within a free spectral range. So that the response characteristic of the optical fourier transform chip can be equivalent to a dispersion curve. And the phase change of the first optical resonant cavity is one pi/2 more than that of the other optical resonant cavities, so that the additional phase influence brought by the optical coupler can be counteracted.
Optionally, the coupling coefficients of the coupler are respectively:
wherein, tStraight-through, kRepresenting the coupling coefficient, t, of the kth coupler through-arm optical fieldCoupling, kThe coupling coefficient representing the optical field of the coupling arm of the kth coupler, j being the imaginary unit.
The intensity of the frequency components output by the resonant cavities in the optical field after coupling can be equal through the arrangement.
Optionally, the chip is configured to receive chirped light pulses, and separate the chirped light pulses with different center frequencies by dispersion, where a dispersion value in a dispersion process is:
FSRringis the free spectral range of the optical cavity.
The optical Fourier transform chip structure can realize the dispersion equivalent to that of a single-mode fiber of thousands of kilometers, and the equivalent transmission distance is only the perimeter of an optical resonant cavity, so the transmission delay is very small. From the formulation, to achieve greater dispersion, it is necessary to increase the number of cascaded rings, M, and to decrease the free spectral range, FSR, of the resonatorring。
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is also provided an optical fourier transform system, referring to fig. 2, the system including: the system comprises a chirp light pulse generating module, a radio frequency signal modulation module, a light Fourier transform chip, a photoelectric detector and an oscilloscope;
the chirp optical pulse generating module is used for modulating the radio frequency chirp optical pulse on a single-wavelength optical signal and filtering out a target chirp optical pulse;
the radio frequency signal modulation module is used for modulating the radio frequency signal on the target chirp optical pulse;
the optical Fourier transform chip is used for receiving the target chirp optical pulse and separating the chirp optical pulses with different center frequencies through dispersion;
the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the chirped light pulse after dispersion and converting a detected light signal into an electric signal;
and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the converted electric signal.
The optical Fourier transform chip of the embodiment of the application can realize large dispersion required in optical Fourier transform. The structure of the chip can be integrated, and the volume can be small. The optical Fourier transform system based on the optical Fourier transform chip comprises chirped light pulses, radio frequency signal modulation, the optical Fourier transform chip and the like. The optical Fourier transform system has the advantages of small volume and low transmission delay while realizing large observation bandwidth and high frequency resolution.
The optical Fourier transform system based on the optical Fourier transform chip consists of a chirp light pulse generation module, a radio frequency signal modulation module and a frequency-time mapping module. The frequency-time mapping module comprises an optical Fourier transform chip and the like.
The chirped light pulse is obtained by modulating a radio frequency chirped signal on a single-wavelength light source and then filtering out the required chirped light pulse through an optical filter. The radio frequency signal modulation is to modulate a radio frequency signal on a chirped optical pulse, and the modulation format is carrier suppression single sideband modulation. In the radio frequency signal modulation, an optical coupler is used for reserving a path of chirped optical pulse which is not modulated by the radio frequency signal to be used as a reference. In frequency measurement, chirp signals with different center frequencies are separated by using an optical Fourier transform chip, so that the frequency of a signal to be measured is acquired in a time domain. Different from the dispersion in the traditional optical Fourier transform, the optical Fourier transform chip of the embodiment of the application can realize a large dispersion value.
Optionally, the chirped light pulse generation module includes:
the single-wave light source submodule is used for generating a single-wave light source signal;
the electro-optical modulator is used for receiving the chirped light pulse and modulating the chirped light pulse into a single-wave light source signal;
and the optical filter is used for filtering out the target chirped light pulse from the single-wave light source signal.
Optionally, the radio frequency signal modulation module includes:
the first optical coupler is used for receiving the chirped light pulse filtered by the optical filter, performing optical coupling and transmitting the chirped light pulse to the carrier suppression single sideband modulator and the second optical coupler;
the carrier suppression single sideband modulator is used for receiving and carrying out carrier suppression single sideband modulation on the radio frequency signal to be detected and the chirped light pulse after optical coupling;
and the second optical coupler is used for receiving and optically coupling the chirped optical pulse transmitted by the first optical coupler and the modulated chirped optical pulse transmitted by the carrier suppression single sideband modulator.
Optionally, the optical fourier transform chip is specifically configured to receive the coupled chirped light pulses transmitted by the second optical coupler, and separate the chirped light pulses with different center frequencies by dispersion.
The dispersion in the conventional optical fourier transform is produced by optical fibers, gratings, or other spatial optical structures. Generally, the dispersion value is limited, the volume is large, and the accompanying delay is high. In optical fourier transforms, large dispersive media are required to achieve good frequency resolution. In the embodiment of the application, the dispersion medium in the optical Fourier transform is replaced by the optical Fourier transform chip, so that the large dispersion is equivalently realized, the frequency resolution of the optical Fourier transform system is further improved, and the volume, the weight and the loss are reduced.
In order to illustrate the beneficial effects of the optical fourier transform chip and the system of the embodiment of the present application, the following description is made by implementation, and the following is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of the optical fourier transform chip provided in the embodiment of the present application, and includes: FIG. 3a is a partially enlarged view of the intensity response of the cascaded optical resonator provided by an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 3b is a graph of the intensity response of the cascaded optical resonators provided in embodiments of the present application. Fig. 3c is a graph of the intensity response of the cascaded optical resonator provided in the embodiment of the present application within the designed bandwidth of the optical fourier transform chip. Fig. 3d is a schematic diagram of a phase-frequency characteristic of the optical fourier transform chip provided in the embodiment of the present application, and fig. 3e is a partial enlarged view of the schematic diagram of the phase-frequency characteristic of the optical fourier transform chip provided in the embodiment of the present application, where a point is a phase value of the optical fourier transform chip at a frequency domain sampling position, that is, at a projection peak of the cascade micro-ring; the line represents the phase-frequency characteristic of the continuous dispersion, RBW (resolution Bandwidth) represents the lowest bandwidth difference, FSR, at which two signals of different frequencies can be clearly distinguishedDDIs the separation between two spectral peaks.
In the embodiment of the application, the set parameter is M-20, there are 20 groups of optical fiber micro-rings in total, and the free spectral range FSR of a single ringringAt 5GHz, the coupling efficiency between all the annular waveguides and the straight-arm waveguides was 4.8%. The size of the optical Fourier transform chip is 1.27 multiplied by 105ps2Equivalent to the dispersion that a 5800km single mode fiber can achieve.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the application to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An optical Fourier transform chip is characterized by comprising a plurality of optical resonant cavities and couplers, wherein the optical resonant cavities are arranged in parallel and comprise resonant rings and phase shifters;
for any optical resonant cavity, the output end of the resonant ring is connected with the input end of the phase shifter;
and the output end of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of the coupler, wherein when I is more than or equal to 2, the input end of the I-th coupler is connected with the output end of the I-1-th coupler and the output end of the I + 1-th phase shifter, and when I is equal to 1, the input end of the 1-th coupler is connected with the output ends of the 1-th and 2-th phase shifters.
2. The chip of claim 1,
the phase change of the phase shifter is respectively as follows:
wherein M belongs to N, and N is a positive integer larger than 2.
3. The chip of claim 1,
the coupling coefficients of the coupler are respectively:
wherein, tStraight-through, kRepresenting the coupling coefficient, t, of the kth coupler through-arm optical fieldCoupling, kThe coupling coefficient representing the optical field of the coupling arm of the kth coupler, j being the imaginary unit.
4. The chip of claim 1,
the chip is used for receiving chirped light pulses and separating the chirped light pulses with different center frequencies through dispersion, wherein the dispersion value in the dispersion process is as follows:
FSRringis the free spectral range of the optical resonator.
5. An optical fourier transform system, the system comprising: a chirp optical pulse generating module, a radio frequency signal modulating module, an optical Fourier transform chip, a photoelectric detector and an oscilloscope according to claims 1-4;
the chirp optical pulse generating module is used for modulating the radio frequency chirp optical pulse on a single-wavelength optical signal and filtering out a target chirp optical pulse;
the radio frequency signal modulation module is used for modulating a radio frequency signal on a target chirp optical pulse;
the optical Fourier transform chip is used for receiving the target chirp light pulse and separating chirp light pulses with different center frequencies through dispersion;
the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the chirped light pulse after dispersion and converting a detected light signal into an electric signal;
and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the converted electric signal.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the chirped light pulse generation module comprises:
the single-wave light source submodule is used for generating a single-wave light source signal;
an electro-optical modulator for receiving and modulating chirped light pulses into the single-wave light source signal;
and the optical filter is used for filtering out the target chirped light pulse from the single-wave light source signal.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the radio frequency signal modulation module comprises:
the first optical coupler is used for receiving the target chirped light pulse filtered by the optical filter, optically coupling the chirped light pulse and transmitting the chirped light pulse to the carrier suppression single sideband modulator and the second optical coupler;
the carrier suppression single sideband modulator is used for receiving and carrying out carrier suppression single sideband modulation on the radio-frequency signal to be detected and the chirped light pulse after optical coupling;
and the second optical coupler is used for receiving and optically coupling the chirped light pulse transmitted by the first optical coupler and the modulated chirped light pulse transmitted by the carrier suppression single sideband modulator.
8. The system of claim 7,
the optical fourier transform chip is specifically configured to receive the coupled chirped light pulses transmitted by the second optical coupler, and separate chirped light pulses with different center frequencies by dispersion.
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