CN113178967B - High-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor - Google Patents

High-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113178967B
CN113178967B CN202110485183.0A CN202110485183A CN113178967B CN 113178967 B CN113178967 B CN 113178967B CN 202110485183 A CN202110485183 A CN 202110485183A CN 113178967 B CN113178967 B CN 113178967B
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permanent magnet
groove
magnet embedding
embedding
pole
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CN113178967A (en
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寇宝泉
张浩泉
黄昌闯
张赫
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

A high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor belongs to the technical field of motors. The invention aims to solve the problems of small field weakening control magnetic field adjusting range, difficult rotor permanent magnet fixing protection, large prestress adjusting difficulty applied to the permanent magnet, large rotor eddy current loss and high temperature rise of the existing high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. The rotor structure designed by the application ensures that the permanent magnet is easy to install, fix and protect, and can adjust the prestress acting on the permanent magnet by utilizing the radial deformation when the guard plate or the cambered plate is installed; the rotor core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are circumferentially arranged in an alternate mode, so that the adjustment range of a direct-axis inductance and a weak magnetic control magnetic field is enlarged, the eddy current loss of the rotor is reduced, the temperature rise of the rotor is inhibited, and the reliability of the motor is improved; the end plates may also act as conductive end rings for the rotor damping system and as de-weighting elements when the rotor is unbalanced. The rotor structure is a rotor structure of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Description

High-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a rotor structure of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
Because the high-speed motor has high rotating speed and high power density, the geometric size of the motor is far smaller than that of a medium-low speed motor with the same power, and the motor becomes a research hotspot in the field of motors. At present, the application fields of high-speed motors are more and more extensive, such as high-speed grinding machines and other processing machines, high-speed flywheel energy storage systems, high-speed centrifugal compressors, blowers, and micro gas turbines for distributed power supply systems to drive high-speed generators. The permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and power density, no excitation loss and the like, and is most suitable for a high-speed motor.
Fig. 11 shows a stator and rotor structure of a conventional high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. Under the condition of high-speed rotation of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, the rotor can generate a large centrifugal force, the high-speed centrifugal force is counteracted mainly by mounting a sheath on the outer surface of the permanent magnet and applying a prestress method to the permanent magnet to protect the permanent magnet by considering the large compression strength and the limited tensile strength (generally less than or equal to 80 MPa) of the permanent magnet material. One method for protecting the permanent magnet is to add a high-strength non-magnetic metal sheath outside the permanent magnet, wherein the permanent magnet and the sheath are in interference fit; in addition, the protection method is to adopt carbon fiber to bind the permanent magnet.
When a high-strength non-magnetic metal sheath is adopted, the principle of expansion with heat and contraction with cold is utilized, the sheath is generally required to be heated at high temperature, the diameter of the sheath is increased, then the sheath is sleeved outside a permanent magnet, when the temperature is reduced, the diameter of the sheath is reduced, and the sheath is tightly hooped on the permanent magnet to generate prestress. However, the eddy current loss generated by the metal sheath is large, the temperature of the rotor is increased, the permanent magnet is easy to generate high-temperature demagnetization, and the metal sheath is made of a non-magnetic material, so that the equivalent air gap of the motor is large, the direct-axis inductance is small, the adjustment range of the weak magnetic control magnetic field is small, and the loss is high. Meanwhile, when the power of the motor is high, the diameter and the axial length of the rotor and the size of the permanent magnet are large, and the permanent magnet installation and shrink fit process is complex. The carbon fiber binding needs to wind the carbon fiber on the outer surface of the permanent magnet and apply a certain pretightening force at the same time, and the prestress generated by the method is small and cannot counteract the action of high-speed centrifugal force.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of small weak magnetic control magnetic field adjusting range, difficult rotor permanent magnet fixing protection, large prestress adjusting difficulty applied to the permanent magnet and large rotor eddy current loss and temperature rise of the conventional high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, and provides a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor.
The first structure is as follows:
the rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a rotor iron core, a permanent magnet, a guard plate, an end plate and a rotating shaft,
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure;
the rotor iron core is cylindrical, 2nP permanent magnet embedding and releasing through grooves are formed in the surface of the rotor iron core along the axial direction, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction; the width of the tooth top of the iron core is larger than that of the tooth body;
permanent magnets are installed in each permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode along the axial direction of the rotor core, the permanent magnets are magnetized in a radial direction or magnetized in parallel in the radial direction, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the guard plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials or non-metal materials, is in a strip shape, and has a middle thickness larger than the thicknesses of the left side and the right side along the width direction; the guard plates are arranged on the radial outer sides of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves, the left side and the right side of each guard plate are respectively attached to tooth tops of iron core teeth on the left side and the right side, and one guard plate is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates are disc-shaped, are respectively sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft and are in contact with the axial end faces of the iron core teeth of the rotor iron core.
Preferably, the core teeth include 2P wide core teeth and 2P (n-1) narrow core teeth; the central line of the wide iron core tooth is superposed with the axis of the straight shaft of the motor; the widths of the tooth tops of the wide iron core teeth and the tooth tops of the narrow iron core teeth are larger than the width of the tooth body; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves between every two adjacent wide iron core teeth are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves on the two adjacent sides of each wide iron core tooth are opposite;
the guard plate is of an axial full-length structure or an axial segmented structure; a radial positive pressure is arranged between the guard plate and the permanent magnet;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal depth; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the poles of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have the same width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have different depths; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the transverse width of the permanent magnet is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and axial ventilation grooves are formed between the left side face and the right side face of the permanent magnet and the side walls of the iron core teeth.
Preferably, the permanent magnet adopts a rare earth permanent magnet or a non-rare earth permanent magnet or a combination of the rare earth permanent magnet and the non-rare earth permanent magnet.
The second structure is as follows:
the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor core, nonmagnetic teeth, a guard plate, an end plate, a rotating shaft and permanent magnets,
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core is cylindrical, 2nP nonmagnetic tooth embedding grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor core, P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, the cross section of each nonmagnetic tooth embedding groove is T-shaped, each nonmagnetic tooth embedding groove is embedded with one nonmagnetic tooth, each nonmagnetic tooth is made of a high-strength nonmagnetic metal material or a nonmagnetic metal material, the 2nP nonmagnetic teeth are arranged along the circumferential direction, one permanent magnet embedding through groove is formed between every two adjacent nonmagnetic teeth, and 2nP permanent magnet embedding through grooves are formed in all the adjacent nonmagnetic teeth;
the permanent magnets are arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the protective plate is made of high-rigidity high-permeability materials, is long-strip-shaped, is thicker in the middle than the left side and the right side along the width direction, is arranged on the radial outer side of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove, the left side and the right side of the protective plate are respectively attached to the top ends of the non-magnetic teeth on the left side and the right side, and one protective plate is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates are disc-shaped, are respectively sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft and are in contact with the axial end faces of the non-magnetic teeth.
Preferably, the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal depth; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the central line position of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are different; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the central line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the transverse width of the permanent magnet is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and axial ventilation grooves are formed between the left side face and the right side face of the permanent magnet and the side walls of the iron core teeth.
A third structure:
the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor iron core, a permanent magnet, an end plate and a rotating shaft,
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core is cylindrical, 2nP permanent magnet embedding through holes are axially formed in the inner part close to the end face of the rotor core, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor, n is more than or equal to 1, the cross section of each permanent magnet embedding through hole is fan-shaped or trapezoidal, and formed core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through holes are sequentially and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction;
the permanent magnets are arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through hole in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through holes under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through holes under different poles are opposite;
the end plates are disc-shaped, are respectively sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft and are in contact with the axial end faces of the iron core teeth of the rotor iron core.
Preferably, the core teeth include 2P wide core teeth and 2P (n-1) narrow core teeth; the central line of the wide iron core tooth is superposed with the axis of the straight shaft of the motor; the widths of the tooth tops of the wide iron core teeth and the tooth tops of the narrow iron core teeth are larger than the width of the tooth body; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves between every two adjacent wide iron core teeth are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves on the two adjacent sides of each wide iron core tooth are opposite;
the guard plate is of an axial full-length structure or an axial segmented structure; a radial positive pressure is arranged between the guard plate and the permanent magnet;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal depth; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with approaching to the position between the magnetic poles;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the poles of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have the same width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have different depths; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the transverse width of the permanent magnet is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and axial ventilation grooves are formed between the left side face and the right side face of the permanent magnet and the side walls of the iron core teeth.
Preferably, the permanent magnet adopts a rare earth permanent magnet or a non-rare earth permanent magnet or a combination of the rare earth permanent magnet and the non-rare earth permanent magnet.
A fourth configuration:
the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor core, a permanent magnet, a positioning key, a sheath, an arc-shaped plate, an end plate and a rotating shaft,
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core is cylindrical, 2nP positioning key grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor core, P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, the cross section of each positioning key groove is trapezoidal or rectangular, a strip-shaped positioning key is embedded in each positioning key groove, 2nP positioning keys are arranged in the circumferential direction, a permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is formed between every two adjacent positioning keys, and 2nP permanent magnet embedding and releasing through grooves are formed in total;
the arc-shaped plate is long-strip-shaped, the cross section of the arc-shaped plate is arc-shaped, the arc-shaped plate is made of high-rigidity high-permeability materials, the transverse width of the arc-shaped plate is smaller than the width of the bottom of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and an arc-shaped plate is arranged at the bottom of each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the permanent magnets are paved on the arc-shaped plates in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the sheath is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotor core, the sheath is of a variable magnetic structure, and the positioning key is made of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material;
the end plates are disc-shaped, are respectively sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft and are in contact with the axial end faces of the iron core teeth of the rotor iron core.
Preferably, the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal depth; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with approaching to the position between the magnetic poles;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the poles of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are different; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the transverse width of the permanent magnet is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and axial ventilation grooves are formed between the left side face and the right side face of the permanent magnet and the side walls of the iron core teeth.
Preferably, the arc-shaped plate is of an axial through-length structure or an axial segmented structure; radial positive pressure exists between the arc-shaped plate and the permanent magnet.
A fifth configuration:
the rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a rotor core, a permanent magnet, a sheath, an arc-shaped plate, an end plate and a rotating shaft,
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure;
the rotor iron core is cylindrical, 2nP permanent magnet embedding and releasing through grooves are formed in the surface of the rotor iron core along the axial direction, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction;
the arc-shaped plate is long-strip-shaped, the cross section of the arc-shaped plate is arc-shaped and is made of high-permeability materials, the transverse width of the arc-shaped plate is smaller than the width of the bottom of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and an arc-shaped plate is arranged at the bottom of each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the permanent magnets are paved on the arc-shaped plates in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the protective sleeve is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotor core, the protective sleeve is made of nonmagnetic materials, the end plates are disc-shaped, and the two end plates are respectively sleeved at the two ends of the rotating shaft and are in contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core.
Preferably, the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have equal depth; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the central line position of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have the same width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have different depths; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
Preferably, the transverse width of the permanent magnet is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and axial ventilation grooves are formed between the left side surface and the right side surface of the permanent magnet and the side walls of the iron core teeth.
Preferably, the arc-shaped plate is an axial through-length structure or an axial segmented structure; radial positive pressure exists between the arc-shaped plate and the permanent magnet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rotor structure designed by the application ensures that the permanent magnet is easy to install, fix and protect, and can adjust the prestress acting on the permanent magnet by utilizing the radial deformation when the guard plate or the arched plate is installed; the rotor core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are circumferentially alternated, so that the adjustment range of the direct-axis inductance and the weak magnetic control magnetic field is enlarged, the eddy current loss of the rotor is reduced, the temperature rise of the rotor is inhibited, and the reliability of the motor is improved; through the selection of the number of the slots of the permanent magnet embedding through slots, the selection of the remanence of the permanent magnet, the width design or the thickness design, the sine degree of an air gap magnetic field and the counter electromotive force of a winding can be improved, the torque density of the motor is improved, and the positioning torque and the torque fluctuation of the motor are reduced; meanwhile, the end plate can also be used as a conductive end ring of the rotor damping system and a weight removing component when the rotor is unbalanced, and the rotor has a simple structure and good damping performance.
Therefore, the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting the rotor has large direct-axis synchronous inductance and wide magnetic field adjusting range; the rotor permanent magnet fixing method is simple, and the pretightening force is convenient to adjust; the eddy current loss of the rotor is small, the temperature rise is low, and the reliability is high; the sine degree of the air gap magnetic field is high, the positioning torque of the motor is small, the torque fluctuation is low, the vibration is small, and the noise is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of the shield of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of the permanent magnet of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 (a) is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 2; fig. 5 (b) is a perspective structural view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 2; fig. 5 (c) is a position diagram of the nonmagnetic teeth on the rotor core; FIG. 5 (d) is a structural view of the shield in FIG. 5 (b); FIG. 5 (e) is a structural view of the permanent magnet in FIG. 5 (b); FIG. 5 (f) is a structural view of the end plate in FIG. 5 (b);
FIG. 6 (a) is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 3; fig. 6 (b) is a perspective structural view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 3; fig. 6 (c) is a structural view of the permanent magnet insertion through hole provided in the interior near the end face of the rotor core in the axial direction; FIG. 6 (d) is a structural view of the permanent magnet in FIG. 6 (b); FIG. 6 (e) is a structural view of the end plate in FIG. 6 (b);
FIG. 7 (a) is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 4; fig. 7 (b) is a perspective structural view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 4; FIG. 7 (c) is a structural view of a slot formed in a rotor core;
FIG. 7 (d) is a structural view of the sheath in FIG. 7 (b); FIG. 7 (e) is a structural view of the permanent magnet in FIG. 7 (b); FIG. 7 (f) is a structural view of an arc plate;
FIG. 8 (a) is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 5; fig. 8 (b) is a perspective structural view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 5;
FIG. 9 (a) is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 6; fig. 9 (b) is a perspective view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 6; fig. 9 (c) is a structural view of a permanent magnet insertion through hole formed in an end surface of a rotor core; FIG. 9 (d) is a structural view of the permanent magnet in FIG. 9 (b); FIG. 9 (e) is a structural view of a guard plate;
FIG. 10 (a) is a side view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 7; fig. 10 (b) is a perspective view of a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of embodiment 7; fig. 10 (c) is a structural view of the permanent magnet insertion through hole provided in the end face of the rotor core in the axial direction; FIG. 10 (d) is a structural view of a permanent magnet; FIG. 10 (e) is a structural view of an end plate;
fig. 11 is a structural view of a stator and a rotor of a conventional high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
fig. 1 to 4 show a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to this embodiment, which includes a rotor core 1, a permanent magnet 2, a guard plate 3, an end plate 4 and a rotating shaft 5,
the rotor core 1 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 5, the rotor core 1 and the rotating shaft 5 are of an integrated structure, and high-strength and high-permeability metal materials are adopted;
the rotor iron core 1 is cylindrical, 10 permanent magnet embedding through grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor iron core 1, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction; the width of the tooth top of the iron core is larger than that of the tooth body;
the cross section of the permanent magnet 2 is in a sector shape, the permanent magnet 2 is axially installed in the permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode, and the permanent magnet 2 is magnetized in the radial direction or magnetized in parallel in the radial direction; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the guard plate 3 is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials or non-metal materials, the guard plate 3 is strip-shaped, and the thickness of the middle of the guard plate is larger than that of the left side and the right side along the width direction; the guard plate 3 is arranged at the radial outer side of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove, namely at the groove opening, the left side and the right side of the guard plate are respectively embedded into the inner sides of tooth tops of the iron core teeth, and one guard plate 3 is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates 4 are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates 4 are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core 1 and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core 1;
the width and the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through grooves 5 below each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole.
Example 2:
fig. 5 is a rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present embodiment, which includes a rotor core 1, nonmagnetic teeth 6, a guard plate 3, an end plate 4, a rotating shaft 5 and permanent magnets 2;
the rotor core 1 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 5, the rotor core 1 and the rotating shaft 5 are of an integrated structure, and high-strength and high-permeability metal materials are adopted;
the rotor core 1 is cylindrical, 10 nonmagnetic tooth embedding grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor core 1, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, the cross section of each nonmagnetic tooth embedding groove is T-shaped, one nonmagnetic tooth 6 is embedded in each nonmagnetic tooth embedding groove, each nonmagnetic tooth 6 is made of a high-strength nonmagnetic metal material or a nonmagnetic metal material, and the 10 nonmagnetic teeth are arranged in the circumferential direction to form 10 permanent magnet embedding through grooves; the cross section of the permanent magnet 2 is fan-shaped, and the permanent magnet 2 is axially installed in the permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented manner; the permanent magnet 2 is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the guard plate 3 is made of high-rigidity high-permeability materials, the guard plate 3 is strip-shaped, and the thickness of the middle of the guard plate is larger than the thickness of the left side and the right side along the width direction; the guard plate 3 is arranged at the radial outer side of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove, namely at the groove opening, the left side and the right side of the guard plate are respectively embedded into the inner sides of the nonmagnetic tooth top ends, and one guard plate 3 is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates 4 are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates 4 are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core 1;
the width and the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through grooves 5 below each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove at the central line position of the magnetic pole is the highest, and the remanence of the permanent magnet 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles.
Example 3:
fig. 6 shows a rotor of a high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to this embodiment, which includes a rotor core 1, permanent magnets 2, end plates 3 and a rotating shaft 4,
the rotor core 1 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 4, and the rotor core 1 and the rotating shaft 4 are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core 1 is cylindrical, 10 permanent magnet embedding through holes are axially formed in the inner part close to the surface of the rotor core 1, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, the cross section of each through hole is in a sector shape, and formed core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through holes are sequentially and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction; the cross section of the permanent magnet 2 is fan-shaped, and the permanent magnet 2 is axially installed in the permanent magnet embedding through hole in a segmented manner;
the permanent magnet 2 is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the 5 adjacent permanent magnet embedding through holes under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through holes under different poles are opposite;
the end plates 3 are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates 3 are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core 1 and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core 1;
the width and the depth of the embedding through grooves of the 5 permanent magnets below each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through groove at the central line position of the magnetic pole is the highest, and the remanence of the permanent magnet 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with approaching to the position between the magnetic poles.
Example 4:
fig. 7 is a rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the embodiment, which includes a rotor core 1, a permanent magnet 2, a sheath 3, an arc-shaped plate 7, an end plate 4 and a rotating shaft 5;
the rotor iron core 1 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 5, and the rotor iron core 1 and the rotating shaft 5 are of an integrated structure; adopting a metal material with high strength and high magnetic conductivity;
the rotor iron core 1 is cylindrical, 10 permanent magnet embedding through grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor iron core 1, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction;
the arc-shaped plates 7 are long strips, the cross sections of the arc-shaped plates are circular arcs, the arc-shaped plates are made of high-rigidity high-permeability materials, the transverse width of the arc-shaped plates is smaller than the width of the bottoms of the permanent magnet embedding through grooves, and one arc-shaped plate 7 is installed at the bottom of each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the cross section of the permanent magnet 2 is fan-shaped, and the permanent magnet 2 is paved on the arc-shaped plate 7 in the permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet 2 is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the sheath 3 is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotor, and the sheath 3 is made of a non-magnetic material;
the end plates 4 are made of high-strength nonmagnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates 4 are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core 1 and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core 1;
the width and the depth of the embedding through grooves of the 5 permanent magnets below each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through groove at the central line position of the magnetic pole is the highest, and the remanence of the permanent magnet 2 in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with approaching to the position between the magnetic poles.
Example 5:
fig. 8 is a rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the embodiment, which includes a rotor core, permanent magnets, a guard plate, an end plate and a rotating shaft;
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure, and a high-strength and high-permeability metal material is adopted;
the rotor iron core is cylindrical, 10 permanent magnet embedding through grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor iron core, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction; the width of the tooth top of the iron core is larger than that of the tooth body;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is in a fan shape, the permanent magnet is installed in the permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode along the axial direction, and the permanent magnet is magnetized in the radial direction or in parallel in the radial direction; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the 5 adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the guard plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials or non-metal materials, is in a strip shape, and has a middle thickness larger than the thicknesses of the left side and the right side along the width direction; the guard plate is arranged at the radial outer side of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove, namely at the groove opening, the left edge and the right edge of the guard plate are respectively embedded into the inner sides of tooth tops of the iron core teeth, and one guard plate is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core;
the width of the 5 permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole is not equal, but the depth is the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the central line position of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the interpolar position of the magnetic pole; the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove changes along with the change of the groove width.
Example 6:
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a high-power high-speed PMSM rotor according to the present embodiment, including a rotor core, permanent magnets, a guard plate, and end plates;
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure, and a high-strength and high-permeability metal material is adopted;
the rotor iron core is cylindrical, 10 permanent magnet embedding through grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor iron core, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, and 2 wide iron core teeth and 8 narrow iron core teeth are formed after the grooves are formed; 2 wide iron core teeth 1-1, 8 narrow iron core teeth 1-2 and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction; the central line of the wide iron core tooth 1-1 is superposed with the axis of the straight shaft of the motor; the width of the tooth top of the iron core is larger than that of the tooth body;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is in a fan shape, the permanent magnet is installed in the permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode along the axial direction, and the permanent magnet is magnetized in the radial direction or magnetized in parallel in the radial direction; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the 5 permanent magnet embedding through grooves between every two adjacent wide iron core teeth 1-1 are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves on two adjacent sides of each wide iron core tooth 1-1 are opposite;
the guard plate is strip-shaped, and the thickness of the middle of the guard plate is greater than the thickness of the left side and the right side along the width direction; the guard plate is arranged at the radial outer side of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove, namely at the groove opening, the left side and the right side of the guard plate are respectively embedded into the inner sides of tooth tops of the iron core teeth, and one guard plate is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the core teeth of the rotor core.
Example 7:
fig. 10 is a rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the embodiment, which includes a rotor core, permanent magnets, end plates and a rotating shaft;
the rotor core is cylindrical, 10 permanent magnet embedding through holes are axially formed in the inner part close to the surface of the rotor core, the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, the cross section of each through hole is in a sector shape, and 2 wide core teeth 1-1 and 8 narrow core teeth 1-2 are formed after the through holes are formed; 2 wide iron core teeth 1-1, 8 narrow iron core teeth 1-2 and permanent magnet embedding through holes are sequentially and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction; the central line of the wide iron core tooth is superposed with the axis of the straight shaft of the motor;
the cross section of the permanent magnet is in a sector shape, the permanent magnet is installed in the permanent magnet embedding through hole in a segmented mode along the axial direction, and the permanent magnet is magnetized in the radial direction or magnetized in parallel in the radial direction; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the 5 permanent magnet embedding through holes between every two adjacent wide iron core teeth 1-1 are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through holes on two adjacent sides of each wide iron core tooth 1-1 are opposite;
the end plates are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates are respectively fixed at the two axial ends of the rotor core and are in good contact with the axial end faces of the rotor core.
Example 8:
the rotor of the high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a rotor iron core, a permanent magnet, a positioning key, a sheath, an arc-shaped plate, an end plate and a rotating shaft,
the rotor iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core is cylindrical, 2nP positioning key grooves are axially formed in the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, the cross section of each positioning key groove is trapezoidal or rectangular, a strip-shaped positioning key is embedded in each positioning key groove, the 2nP positioning keys are arranged in the circumferential direction, a permanent magnet embedding through groove is formed between every two adjacent positioning keys, and 2nP permanent magnet embedding through grooves are formed;
the arc-shaped plate is in a strip shape, the cross section of the arc-shaped plate is in a circular arc shape, the arc-shaped plate is made of high-rigidity high-permeability magnetic materials, the transverse width of the arc-shaped plate is smaller than the width of the bottom of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and an arc-shaped plate is installed at the bottom of each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the permanent magnets are paved on the arc-shaped plates in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the sheath is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotor core, the sheath is of a variable magnetic structure, and the positioning key is made of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material;
the end plates are made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials and are disc-shaped, and the two end plates are sleeved at the two ends of the rotating shaft respectively and are in contact with the axial end faces of the iron core teeth of the rotor iron core.

Claims (8)

1. A high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor iron core (1), a permanent magnet (2), a guard plate (3), an end plate (4) and a rotating shaft (5),
the rotor iron core (1) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (5), and the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are of an integrated structure;
the rotor iron core (1) is cylindrical, 2nP permanent magnet embedding through grooves are formed in the surface of the rotor iron core (1) along the axial direction, P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction; the iron core is characterized in that the width of the tooth top of the iron core is larger than that of the tooth body;
permanent magnets (2) are installed in each permanent magnet embedding through groove in a segmented mode along the axial direction of the rotor iron core (1), the permanent magnets (2) are magnetized in a radial direction or in parallel, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the poles of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have the same width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have different depths; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet (2) is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate (4) is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material;
the guard plate (3) is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal materials or non-metal materials, the guard plate (3) is in a strip shape, and the thickness of the middle of the guard plate (3) in the width direction is larger than the thickness of the left side and the right side; the guard plates (3) are arranged on the radial outer sides of the permanent magnets (2) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves, the left side and the right side of each guard plate (3) are respectively attached to tooth tops of iron core teeth on the left side and the right side, and one guard plate (3) is arranged in each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the end plates (4) are disc-shaped, and the two end plates (4) are respectively sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft (5) and are in axial end face contact with iron core teeth of the rotor iron core (1).
2. A high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor iron core (1), nonmagnetic teeth (6), a protective plate (3), an end plate (4), a rotating shaft (5) and a permanent magnet (2),
the rotor iron core (1) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (5), and the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core (1) is cylindrical, 2nP nonmagnetic tooth embedding grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor core (1), P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, and the rotor core is characterized in that the cross section of each nonmagnetic tooth embedding groove is T-shaped, a nonmagnetic tooth (6) is embedded in each nonmagnetic tooth embedding groove, the nonmagnetic teeth (6) are made of high-strength nonmagnetic metal materials or nonmetal materials, 2nP nonmagnetic teeth (6) are arranged in the circumferential direction, a permanent magnet embedding through groove is formed between every two adjacent nonmagnetic teeth (6), and 2nP permanent magnet embedding through grooves are formed in total;
the permanent magnets (2) are installed in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet (2) is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the central line position of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have the same width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have different depths; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the central line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet (2) is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate (4) is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material;
the protective plate (3) is made of a high-rigidity high-permeability material, the protective plate (3) is long-strip-shaped, the middle thickness of the protective plate (3) in the width direction is larger than the thicknesses of the left side and the right side, the protective plate (3) is installed on the radial outer side of the permanent magnet (2) in the permanent magnet embedding and placing through groove, the left side and the right side of the protective plate (3) are respectively attached to the top ends of the non-magnetic teeth (6) on the left side and the right side, and one protective plate (3) is installed in each permanent magnet embedding and placing through groove;
the end plates (4) are disc-shaped, and the two end plates (4) are respectively sleeved at the two ends of the rotating shaft (5) and are in contact with the axial end faces of the nonmagnetic teeth (6).
3. A high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor iron core (1), a permanent magnet (2), a positioning key, a sheath, an arc-shaped plate (7), an end plate (4) and a rotating shaft (5),
the rotor iron core (1) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (5), and the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are of an integrated structure;
the rotor core (1) is cylindrical, 2nP positioning key grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor core (1), P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, and the rotor core is characterized in that the cross section of each positioning key groove is trapezoidal or rectangular, a strip-shaped positioning key is embedded in each positioning key groove, 2nP positioning keys are arranged along the circumferential direction, a permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is formed between every two adjacent positioning keys, and 2nP permanent magnet embedding and releasing through grooves are formed in total;
the arc-shaped plate (7) is in a strip shape, the cross section of the arc-shaped plate (7) is in a circular arc shape, the arc-shaped plate (7) is made of high-rigidity high-permeability materials, the transverse width of the arc-shaped plate (7) is smaller than the width of the bottom of the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove, and the arc-shaped plate (7) is installed at the bottom of each permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove;
the permanent magnets (2) are paved on the arc-shaped plates (7) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves in a segmented mode along the axial direction; the permanent magnet (2) is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with approaching to the position between the magnetic poles;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the poles of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have the same width, and the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole have different depths; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet (2) is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate (4) is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material;
the sheath is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotor core (1), the sheath is of a variable magnetic structure, and the positioning key is made of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material;
the end plates (4) are disc-shaped, are respectively sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft (5) and are in contact with the axial end faces of the iron core teeth of the rotor iron core (1).
4. A high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises a rotor core (1), a permanent magnet (2), a sheath, an arc-shaped plate (7), an end plate (4) and a rotating shaft (5),
the rotor iron core (1) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (5), and the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are of an integrated structure;
the rotor iron core (1) is cylindrical, 2nP permanent magnet embedding through grooves are axially formed in the surface of the rotor iron core (1), P is the number of pole pairs of a motor, n is larger than or equal to 1, and formed iron core teeth and the permanent magnet embedding through grooves are sequentially and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the arc-shaped plate (7) is in a strip shape, the cross section of the arc-shaped plate (7) is in a circular arc shape and is made of high-permeability materials, the transverse width of the arc-shaped plate (7) is smaller than the width of the bottom of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and one arc-shaped plate (7) is installed at the bottom of each permanent magnet embedding through groove;
the permanent magnets (2) are axially and sectionally paved on the arc-shaped plates (7) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves; the permanent magnet (2) is magnetized in a radial direction or in a radial direction in parallel; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the n adjacent permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves under different poles are opposite;
the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal; the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is highest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, and the remanence of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding and releasing through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach to the position between the poles of the magnetic pole;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are not equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are the same; the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole, the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the poles of the magnetic pole, and the width of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove width;
or the widths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are equal, and the depths of the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves under each pole are different; the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is the largest at the center line position of the magnetic pole, the depth of the permanent magnet embedding through groove is gradually reduced along with the approach of the position between the magnetic poles, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet embedding through groove is changed along with the change of the groove depth;
the cross section of the permanent magnet (2) is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core (1) and the rotating shaft (5) are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate (4) is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material;
the protective sleeve is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotor iron core (1), the protective sleeve is made of nonmagnetic materials, the end plates (4) are disc-shaped, and the two end plates (4) are respectively sleeved at the two ends of the rotating shaft (5) and are in contact with the axial end faces of the iron core teeth of the rotor iron core (1).
5. The high power high speed PMSM rotor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core teeth include 2P wide core teeth (1-1) and 2P (n-1) narrow core teeth (1-2); the central line of the wide iron core tooth (1-1) is superposed with the axis of the straight shaft of the motor; the tooth top widths of the wide iron core teeth (1-1) and the narrow iron core teeth (1-2) are larger than the tooth body widths; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the n permanent magnet embedding through grooves between every two adjacent wide iron core teeth (1-1) are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (2) in the permanent magnet embedding through grooves on the two adjacent sides of each wide iron core tooth (1-1) are opposite;
the guard plate is of an axial full-length structure or an axial segmented structure; radial positive pressure is generated between the guard plate and the permanent magnet;
the cross section of the permanent magnet (2) is rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped;
the rotor iron core and the rotating shaft are made of high-permeability metal materials;
the end plate is made of high-strength non-magnetic metal material.
6. The high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor according to claim 5, wherein the permanent magnets are rare earth permanent magnets or non-rare earth permanent magnets or a combination of rare earth permanent magnets and non-rare earth permanent magnets.
7. The high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transverse width of the permanent magnet is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet embedding through groove, and axial ventilation grooves are formed between the left side surface and the right side surface of the permanent magnet and the side walls of the iron core teeth.
8. The high-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the arc-shaped plates are of an axial through-length structure or an axial segmented structure; radial positive pressure exists between the arc-shaped plate and the permanent magnet.
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