CN113174908B

CN113174908B - Fishway

Info

Publication number: CN113174908B
Application number: CN202110510421.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李静娴; 徐云逸; 戴宇泽
Original assignee: Wanjiang Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Wanjiang Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2021-05-11
Filing date: 2021-05-11
Publication date: 2022-05-17
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-11
Also published as: CN113174908A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fishway which comprises an inlet section, a pass section and an outlet section, wherein a fish gathering lamp is arranged at the inlet section, and a fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device is arranged at the inlet section. The fishway provided by the invention is based on the auditory and visual motion reaction characteristics of fishes, and is simulated by a mechanical device, so that the fish luring effect and the fish passing efficiency of the fishway are obviously improved, and the ecological influence caused by artificial dam building is reduced.

Description

Fishway

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a fishway.

Background

The fishway is more and more concerned by all communities and the environmental administration department as an ecological compensation measure for slowing down the blocking influence of water conservancy projects on fishes. The current fishway is mainly focused on the aspect of water flow fish luring, and the basic principle is that the favorable water flow condition of fishes is generated by changing the geometric structure of the fishway to attract the fishes to pass through. And the phototaxis characteristic of the fish is utilized to attract the fish to go up, and the fish effect is improved by devices such as a fish gathering lamp and the like. However, practical researches find that the water flow condition and the light condition generated by the fishway have limited attraction effect on the fishes, and the fishes are induced to often stay in the front or return to the original place after traveling for a period of time, so that the fish passing capacity of the fishway is not ideal, and the fish passing capability is limited, and the expected effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, fishway designers need to develop means for attracting fish and improve the design of fishways.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a fishway and aims to improve the fish passing efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the fishway comprises an inlet section, a passing section and an outlet section, wherein a fish collecting lamp is arranged at the inlet section, and a fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device is arranged at the inlet section.

The fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device comprises a protective component and a resonance type electromagnetic vibrator which is arranged on the protective component and used for simulating the sound production of fishes, and the fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device is located 1-2 meters below the water surface.

The resonance type electromagnetic vibrator is provided in plurality.

And the inlet section is provided with a sound amplifying device matched with the fin-shaped sound imitating vibration device.

And the inlet section is provided with a lifting device for controlling the sound amplifying device to lift.

The inlet section comprises a first bottom plate and two first side walls arranged on the first bottom plate, the fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device is arranged on the first bottom plate and located between the two first side walls, and the fish collecting lamp and the lifting device are arranged on the first side walls.

The section of passing through includes the second bottom plate, sets up two second side walls on the second bottom plate and sets up in the inside display panel who just is used for showing the lure image of second side wall, and the material of second side wall is quartzite, and the luminousness of second side wall is not less than 70%.

The display panel is an OLED panel.

The display panel is of a circular arc structure.

Set up crescent moon type rivers deceleration component on the second bottom plate, crescent moon type rivers deceleration component sets up a plurality ofly and all crescent moon type rivers deceleration component and arranges for the length direction along the second bottom plate in proper order.

The fishway provided by the invention is based on the auditory and visual motion reaction characteristics of fishes, and is simulated by a mechanical device, so that the fish luring effect and the fish passing efficiency of the fishway are obviously improved, and the ecological influence caused by artificial dam building is reduced.

Drawings

The present specification includes the following figures, which show the contents:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an inducer configuration;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pass-through segment structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fin-shaped pseudo-acoustic vibration device;

labeled as: 1. a sound amplifying device; 2. a lifting device; 3. a fin-type pseudo-acoustic vibration device; 4. a fish gathering lamp; 5. a display panel; 6. a second side wall; 7. a dehumidifier; 8. a crescent-shaped water flow speed reducing component; 9. a resonant type electromagnetic vibrator; 10. a guard member; 11. a first base plate; 12. a first side wall; 13. a second base plate.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings for a purpose of helping those skilled in the art to more fully, accurately and deeply understand the concept and technical solution of the present invention and to facilitate its implementation.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a fishway, comprising an inlet section, a pass section and an outlet section, wherein the inlet section, the pass section and the outlet section are sequentially arranged along a set direction, the pass section is located between the inlet section and the outlet section, one end of the pass section is fixedly connected with the inlet section, and the other end of the pass section is fixedly connected with the outlet section. The fish gathering lamp 4 is arranged at the inlet section, and the fin-shaped acoustic vibration device 3 is also arranged at the inlet section.

According to the research reports at the institute of chicago university, it has been shown that for audible sound sources in the environmental information, fish have the ability to take appropriate action on the audible sound signals, including being attracted to specific signals. From the "research on hearing ability of fish" by chen fir, Shanghai ocean university, it is now known that the fish can hear sound and also sense sound pressure, particle vibration, discrimination frequency, discrimination direction, and the like, as confirmed by studies on various aspects such as behaviours, anatomy, and electrophysiology. The fishes have very sharp hearing in life, and are particularly sensitive to high-frequency signals. After relatively complete fish school distribution information is collected in the belonged basin, the vibration device is used for simulation, the vibration frequency is controlled within a reasonable range, and then a large amount of fishes can be successfully attracted to enter the fishway. According to the auditory characteristics research of Carassius auratus Linnaeus of Hokkhun of China university, the fish school can be used for fish auditory measurement by an ECG method and an AGR method and specific sensitivity frequency bands of certain fishes are obtained.

Therefore, the invention obviously improves the fish luring effect and the fish passing efficiency of the fishway and reduces the ecological influence caused by artificial dam building by utilizing the simulation of a mechanical device based on the auditory and visual motion reaction characteristics of the fish. Except that the fishway side wall needs to be rebuilt, most components are easy to install and maintain, and the construction difficulty is low; because the induction frequencies of different fishes are different, the fishes can be screened and induced according to the categories, and the fingerlings of the predation relationship class pass through the fishway in batches, so that the unnatural loss of the fish school when passing through the fishway is reduced, the number of the fish school retained in the fishway is reduced, and the passing efficiency is improved.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the inducer includes a first bottom plate 11 and two first side walls 12 provided on the first bottom plate 11, and the fin-type pseudo-acoustic vibrating device 3 is provided on the first bottom plate 11 between the two first side walls 12. Two first side walls 12 are vertical, the lower ends of the two first side walls 12 are fixedly connected with the two ends of the first bottom plate 11 in the length direction respectively, and the two first side walls 12 are arranged in a V shape. The first end of first side wall 12 with pass through section fixed connection, the second end of first side wall 12 is kept away from the section of passing through, and the distance between the first end of two first side walls 12 is less than the distance between the second end of two first side walls 12, and the first end and the second end of first side wall 12 are the relative both ends on the length direction of first side wall 12. The two first side walls 12 are both provided with fish gathering lamps 4, and the fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device 3 is positioned between the two first side walls 12.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the fin-type pseudoacoustic vibration device 3 includes a shield member 10 and a resonance-type electromagnetic vibrator 9 provided on the shield member 10 and used for simulating sound production of fish. A plurality of resonant electromagnetic vibrators 9 are arranged on a protective component 10, all the resonant electromagnetic vibrators 9 are horizontally distributed on the protective component 10, the protective component 10 is fixedly arranged on a first bottom plate 11, and the protective component 10 is in a fin shape, so that the component can be effectively protected from being subjected to resistance and collision in a river channel, and the service life of the device is prolonged. The fin-type pseudo-acoustic vibration device 3 runs by using water as a medium, so that the fin-type pseudo-acoustic vibration device is not easily influenced by water level change and water flow environment, and has a wider application range.

As shown in fig. 1, the entrance segment is further provided with a sound amplifying device 1 for cooperating with a fin-shaped pseudo-acoustic vibrating device 3, and the sound amplifying device 1 is used for amplifying the input sound so that the sound is transmitted farther. A monitoring sensor is arranged in the river channel where the inlet section is located, and the collection range of the monitoring sensor covers the whole river channel in front of the dam. The monitoring sensor, the sound amplifying device 1 and the fin-shaped sound simulating vibration device 3 are electrically connected with the control system, the monitoring sensor sends an acquisition signal to the control system, and the control system controls the sound amplifying device 1 and the resonant electromagnetic vibrator 9 to work. The monitoring sensor is used for monitoring hydrological conditions and calibrating current fish information, and the control system sends out corresponding audio instructions according to fish school categories and controls the resonant electromagnetic vibrator 9 and the public address device 1 to work. The control system controls the resonance type electromagnetic vibrator 9 to start according to signals sent by the monitoring sensor, the resonance type electromagnetic vibrator 9 simulates fishes to produce sound, meanwhile, the control system controls the sound amplification device 1 to start, the sound amplification device 1 amplifies sound input by the resonance type electromagnetic vibrator 9 to produce corresponding induced vibration, and sound waves with different frequencies can be transmitted to different fish schools.

The resonance type electromagnetic vibrator 9 is used for simulating sound vibration emitted by different fishes to induce fish schools to enter fish ways. The fin-shaped acoustic simulation vibration device 3 is positioned 1-2 meters below the water surface, and the frequency of the fin-shaped acoustic simulation vibration device 3 can be adjusted according to the data of the upstream hydrological station and the monitoring sensor in front of the dam, so that the fin-shaped acoustic simulation vibration device is suitable for the auditory tendency of different main fish schools. In the daytime, under the matching action of the fin-shaped acoustic vibration device 3 and the sound amplifying device 1, fish auditory motion reaction is utilized to induce fish schools, so that the fish schools can be induced to an entrance section, and the fish inducing effect and the fish passing efficiency of the fishway can be obviously improved. At night, fish schools are attracted to the fishway inlet through the fish gathering lamp 4 according to phototaxis characteristics of fishes, and then the fin-shaped acoustic vibration device 3 and the sound amplification device 1 are matched to simulate induced audio of corresponding fishes to attract the fish schools to the fishway, so that fish passing efficiency is enhanced through the combination of a sound source and a light source, and the fish schools passing at night with small man-made interference are fully utilized.

As shown in fig. 1, the fish gathering lamps 4 are arranged on both sides of the entrance section of the fishway and fixed on the slope. The fish gathering lamp 4 is a high-power floodlight and is uniformly arranged on two sides of a fishway inlet at one-meter intervals for auxiliary guidance at night, light rays on two sides cover a trunk way, electric power is supplied to the main body dam through hydroelectric power generation, the fish gathering lamp 4 is only used as one part of a night attraction system, distant fishes are attracted to the fishway inlet through the phototaxis characteristic of the fishes, and the vibration device and the sound amplification device 1 are matched to simulate induced audio frequency of corresponding fishes to attract the fishes into the fishway. The fish gathering lamp 4 and the sound amplifying device 1 are located between the first end and the second end of the first side wall 12, and the sound amplifying device 1 and the fin-type pseudonoise vibration device 3 are located downstream of the fish gathering lamp 4.

As shown in fig. 1, the entrance section is further provided with a lifting device 2 for controlling the sound amplifying device 1 to lift, the fish gathering lamp 4 and the lifting device 2 are arranged on the first side walls 12, the two first side walls 12 are provided with the lifting devices 2, the lifting devices 2 are provided with the sound amplifying devices 1, the sound amplifying devices 1 are arranged in a plurality, the lifting devices 2 are electrically connected with the control system, the lifting devices 2 can be electrically driven, and the control device controls the lifting devices 2 to work. During the operation, public address set 1 is latent in the import section rivers, and the monitoring sensor has equipment protection early warning function concurrently, and when rivers environment is abominable, monitoring sensor sends signal to control system, and control system control elevating gear 2 starts, and elevating gear 2 control public address set 1 rebound to appointed height avoids equipment to damage.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pass-through section is located at the downstream of the entrance section, the pass-through section includes a second bottom plate 13, two second side walls 6 disposed on the second bottom plate 13, and a display panel 5 disposed inside the second side walls 6 and used for displaying the images of the baits, the second bottom plate 13 is disposed obliquely, the lower end of the second bottom plate 13 is fixedly connected with one end of the first bottom wall, the two second side walls 6 are disposed oppositely, the two second side walls 6 are respectively fixedly connected with both ends of the second bottom plate 13 in the width direction, the second side walls 6 extend out toward the upper side of the second bottom plate 13, the lower end of the second side wall 6 is fixedly connected with the first end of the first side wall 12, and a passage for the fish to pass through is formed between the two second side walls 6. The display panels 5 are arranged inside the two second side walls 6, the display panels 5 are used for displaying the artificial bait images with certain density, the visual motion reaction characteristics of the fish are combined, the dynamic display effect of the display panels 5 is utilized, passageway narrowing and artificial bait misleading are generated for the fish, and the fish passing efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the second side wall 6 is translucent, the second side wall 6 is made of quartzite, the light transmittance of the second side wall 6 is not lower than 70%, and the second side wall 6 has a certain anti-collision capacity and is used for protecting the display panel 5 inside. The display panel 5 is an OLED panel, the display panel 5 is electrically connected with the control system, the simulated bait images displayed by the display panel 5 are various, the control system sends out corresponding light source instructions according to the fish school categories to control the display panel 5 to work, and the display panel 5 displays the simulated bait images suitable for the fishes. The power generation at night is not enough because the quantity often has great waste, and this fishway launches fishing lamp 4 and display panel 5 at night, can effectively utilize this period of whole day human influence at a minimum, and the unnecessary electric power of full play simultaneously avoids the wasting of resources when the protection is ecological.

As shown in fig. 2, the display panel 5 is an arc structure, the axis of the display panel 5 is perpendicular to the length direction of the second base plate 13, the display panel 5 is an inward concave arc structure, and the visual misguidance of channel narrowing is generated for fish shoals by using the distribution characteristics of fish eyes, and the axis of the display panel 5 is located on the inner side of the display panel 5 (the side where the second base plate 13 is located is the inner side of the display panel 5). The display panel 5 displays the artificial baits with a certain density, rolls towards the downstream fishway, and guides the fish school to advance together with the visual misguidance, thereby effectively solving the problem of the traditional fishway fish school stagnation. The arrangement of the display panel 5 is set to be one in five meters, so that local maintenance is facilitated. Simultaneously, in order to prevent steam to display module's influence, at the inside dehumidifier 7 that sets up of second side wall 6, dehumidifier 7 sets up a plurality ofly, and dehumidifier 7 is used for reducing the inside humidity of second side wall 6, avoids influencing the display effect.

As shown in fig. 2, a crescent-shaped water flow decelerating member 8 is arranged on the top surface of the second bottom plate 13, the crescent-shaped water flow decelerating member 8 is located between the two second side walls 6, the crescent-shaped water flow decelerating members 8 are arranged in a plurality, and all the crescent-shaped water flow decelerating members 8 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the second bottom plate 13 and are distributed at equal intervals. Crescent moon type rivers deceleration component 8 is crescent moon type structure, adopts crescent moon type rivers deceleration component 8, can reduce the shoal of fish and pass through the resistance, maintains the rivers velocity of flow through the section and is in lower state, keeps 1 meter interval between two adjacent crescent moon type rivers deceleration components 8.

Preferably, the display panel 5 may be colored and marked according to the light selection preference of the fish species passing the target fish; wherein the colored stripes on the panel may be marked with a coloring. The selection of the light color is determined according to the light selection preference of the fish species passing the target fish. The lure should also be fitted to the appropriate speed.

The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific implementations of the invention are not limited in this respect. Various insubstantial improvements are made by adopting the method conception and the technical scheme of the invention; the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be modified in various ways.

Claims

1. Fishway, including the import section, through section and export section, import section department sets up fish gathering lamp, its characterized in that: the inlet section is provided with a fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device;

the inlet section comprises a first bottom plate and two first side walls arranged on the first bottom plate, and the fin-shaped sound-imitating vibration device is arranged on the first bottom plate and is positioned between the two first side walls;

the fin-type sound simulating vibration device comprises a protective component and a resonance type electromagnetic vibrator which is arranged on the protective component and used for simulating the sound production of fishes, wherein the resonance type electromagnetic vibrator is used for simulating the sound vibration produced by different fishes and inducing fish schools to a fishway inlet section;

the fin-shaped acoustic vibration device is positioned 1-2 meters below the water surface, and the protective component is in the shape of a fin;

the inlet section is provided with a sound amplifying device matched with the fin-shaped sound simulating vibration device, and the inlet section is provided with a lifting device used for controlling the sound amplifying device to lift;

the fish gathering lamp and the lifting device are arranged on the first side wall, the lifting device is provided with a plurality of sound amplifying devices, and the lifting device is used for controlling the sound amplifying devices to move upwards to a specified height when the water flow environment is severe;

the passing section comprises two second side walls and a display panel arranged inside the second side walls, the display panel is of an arc-shaped structure, and the display panel is used for displaying the artificial bait images with certain density and rolling towards an upstream fishway.

2. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: the resonance type electromagnetic vibrator is provided in plurality.

3. The fishway of claim 2, wherein: all resonance type electromagnetic vibrators are horizontally distributed on a protective member, and the protective member is fixedly arranged on the first bottom plate.

4. The fishway of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the river channel in which the entrance section is located is internally provided with a monitoring sensor, the collection range of the monitoring sensor covers the whole river channel in front of the dam, the monitoring sensor, the sound amplifying device and the fin-shaped pseudoacoustic vibration device are electrically connected with the control system, the monitoring sensor sends an acquisition signal to the control system, and the control system controls the sound amplifying device and the resonance-type electromagnetic vibrator to work.

5. The fishway of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the two first side walls are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the two first side walls are fixedly connected with the two ends of the first bottom plate in the length direction respectively, and the two first side walls are arranged in a V shape; the first end of first side wall with pass through section fixed connection, the second end of first side wall is kept away from the section of passing through, and the distance between the first end of two first side walls is less than the distance between the second end of two first side walls, and the first end and the second end of first side wall are the relative both ends on the length direction of first side wall.

6. The fishway of claim 5, wherein: the fish gathering lamps are arranged on two sides of the fishway inlet section, the fish gathering lamps and the sound amplifying devices are located between the first end and the second end of the first side wall, and the sound amplifying devices and the fin-shaped sound simulating vibration devices are located on the downstream of the fish gathering lamps.

7. The fishway of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the passing section comprises a second bottom plate, two second side walls are arranged on the second bottom plate, the second side walls are made of quartzite, and the light transmittance of the second side walls is not lower than 70%.

8. The fishway of claim 7, wherein: the display panel is an OLED panel.

9. The fishway of claim 7, wherein: set up crescent moon type rivers deceleration component on the second bottom plate, crescent moon type rivers deceleration component sets up a plurality ofly and all crescent moon type rivers deceleration component and arranges for the length direction along the second bottom plate in proper order.