CN113174483B - Method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust - Google Patents
Method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust Download PDFInfo
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- CN113174483B CN113174483B CN202110350454.1A CN202110350454A CN113174483B CN 113174483 B CN113174483 B CN 113174483B CN 202110350454 A CN202110350454 A CN 202110350454A CN 113174483 B CN113174483 B CN 113174483B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust, which comprises the steps of digesting the stainless steel nickel and chromium dust, briquetting the stainless steel nickel and chromium dust by adopting a cold-pressed pellet production process, finally adding pellets meeting charging conditions into a dephosphorization converter of a semisteel smelting process for recycling, briquetting the dust, and effectively reducing and recycling nickel and precious chromium metal elements in the stainless steel dust under the conditions that a reducing agent is not additionally added, the smelting cost of a steel mill is not increased and the smelting process of the dephosphorization converter is not influenced by fully utilizing the high-carbon molten iron conditions (charging W [ C ] is more than 4.0% and tapping W [ C ] is more than 2.8%) in the semisteel smelting mode of the dephosphorization converter, thereby reducing the production cost of the stainless steel and improving the comprehensive benefits of the steel mill.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial waste recovery, and relates to a method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust.
Background
The nickel and chromium dust and mud generated in enterprises in the production process of stainless steel contain partial nickel, chromium and other noble metal elements, and if the nickel and chromium dust and mud is not recycled, serious pollution to the environment, especially the pollution to water resources, can be caused. The United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made toxicity leaching tests on stainless steel dedusting ash, wherein various heavy metals such as Zn, cr, pb and the like can not reach the standard of environmental protection law, and the dust is defined as hazardous waste and is forbidden to be directly landfilled. Therefore, a method for recycling the steelmaking dust suitable for the characteristics of the enterprises is actively sought, so that the nickel-chromium-containing dust generated by steelmaking is economically and stably digested and treated, and the method becomes an important problem for stainless steel production enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust aiming at the problems in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting dust, namely collecting the dust into a storage bin;
(2) Digesting the dust, adding water into the dust, uniformly stirring, and loading into a digestion bin for digestion;
(3) Ball pressing, namely adding a composite binder and glue into the digested dust, uniformly stirring, cold-pressing the mixture into dust pellets with the diameter of 20-50mm, and airing the dust pellets for later use;
(4) Dephosphorization smelting: adding molten iron into the dephosphorization converter for smelting, adding no dust pellets in the previous 2-4 minutes of desilicication period, adding the dust pellets after dephosphorization period for smelting, and pouring out steel after smelting.
Further, the dust in the step (1) comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: caO:10% -28%, mgO:1 to 3 percent of Cr 2 O 3 ：8%～13%，Ni：0%～2.5%，TFe：18%～32%，SiO 2 :2 to 8 percent, and the balance of inevitable impurities.
Further, the mass percent of the added water in the step (2) is 8-13%.
Further, the digestion time in the step (2) is not less than 16 hours.
Further, the mass percent of the composite binder added in the step (3) is 4% -7%, and the mass percent of the glue is 2% -5%.
Further, in the step (4), specifically:
if the temperature of the molten iron fed into the furnace is less than 1250 ℃, the Si content percentage is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30% and less than 0.50%, the addition amount of the dust pellets is less than 50 Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than 0.60 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 500Kg to 1200Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.60 percent and less than 0.80 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is more than 1800Kg;
if the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is more than or equal to 1250 ℃ and less than 1280 ℃, the percentage of Si content is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is less than 800Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than 0.60 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 800Kg to 1500Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.60 percent and less than 0.80 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 1500Kg to 2000Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.80 percent, the adding amount of the dust pellets is 2000 Kg-3000 Kg;
if the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is more than or equal to 1280 ℃, the Si content percentage is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, so the adding amount of the dust pellets is 1200Kg to 2500Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 2000Kg to 3000Kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with the conventional carbon steel converter, the method adopts the dephosphorization converter, under the semi-steel smelting condition of the dephosphorization converter, the chromium oxide reduction delta G before and after blowing is less than 0, namely, the chromium which is reduced into the molten iron at the early stage cannot be oxidized again in the subsequent smelting process, so that the noble metal elements of nickel and chromium in the stainless steel dust are effectively reduced and recovered under the conditions of not additionally adding a reducing agent, not increasing the smelting cost of a steel mill and not influencing the smelting process of the dephosphorization converter, the production cost of the stainless steel is reduced, the comprehensive benefit of the steel mill is improved, and under the smelting condition of the conventional carbon steel converter, the chromium oxide reduction delta G at the end point of blowing is more than 0, namely, the chromium which is reduced into the molten iron at the early stage can be oxidized again in the subsequent smelting process.
(2) The dust is pressed into balls and then used for the dephosphorization converter, so that the dust pollution in the transportation link is reduced, the dust utilization rate is improved, and the environmental pollution risk is reduced.
(3) The cold-pressed pellets are directly added into a steel furnace for use, so that the link that dust needs to be subjected to premelting reduction treatment by a submerged arc furnace and the like in the conventional treatment process is omitted, the recovery treatment process is simplified, and the recovery treatment cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples:
the dust in the following examples is stainless steel dust from each dust-producing point of steel making, and the dust comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: caO:10% -28%, mgO:1 to 3 percent of Cr 2 O 3 ：8%～13%，Ni：0%～2.5%，TFe：18%～32%，SiO 2 :2 to 8 percent, and the balance of inevitable impurities.
Meanwhile, if the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is less than 1250 ℃, the Si content percentage is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30% and less than 0.50%, the addition amount of the dust pellets is less than 50 Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than 0.60 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 500Kg to 1200Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.60 percent and less than 0.80 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is more than 1800Kg.
If the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is more than or equal to 1250 ℃ and less than 1280 ℃, the percentage of Si content is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, and the addition amount of the dust pellets is less than 800Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than 0.60 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 800Kg to 1500Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.60 percent and less than 0.80 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 1500Kg to 2000Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.80 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 2000 Kg-3000 Kg.
If the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is more than or equal to 1280 ℃, the Si content percentage is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, so the adding amount of the dust pellets is 1200Kg to 2500Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 2000Kg to 3000Kg.
Example 1
The method for producing the 410S steel grade by the dephosphorization converter comprises the following steps:
(1) Stainless steel dust at each dust-producing point of steelmaking is conveyed to a storage bin through a suction and discharge vehicle under the condition of not falling to the ground, and specifically, through detection, the chemical components and the mass percentage thereof in the dust are CaO:10%, mgO:1% of Cr 2 O 3 ：8%，Ni：0%，TFe：18%，SiO 2 ：2%。
(2) Adding 10% water by mass into the dust, uniformly stirring, and then loading the dust added with water into a digestion bin for 16 hours to dissolve particulate matters in the dust, wherein the dust is added with water, so that dust can not be raised in the transportation process to pollute the surrounding environment.
(3) Adding 7% of composite binder and 4% of glue by mass percent into the digested dust, uniformly stirring, feeding into a high-pressure ball press, performing cold pressing to obtain dust pellets with the diameter of 20-50mm, and airing for later use.
(4) Adding 96-98 tons of molten iron into a dephosphorization converter for smelting, wherein the molten iron fed into the converter comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:4.41%, si:0.46%, mn:0.84%, P:0.092%, S:0.060 percent, the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is 1256 ℃, no dust pellet is added in the desilication period of the first 2-4 minutes, after the slag has certain fluidity in the dephosphorization period, 600kg of dust pellet is added for smelting, the steel is tapped after the smelting is finished and the furnace is turned over, and the chromium yield is as follows: 47.66%, the dephosphorization and demanganization efficiency is normal.
Example 2
The method for smelting 430 steel grade by using the dephosphorization converter comprises the following steps:
(1) Stainless steel dust at each dust-producing point of steelmaking is conveyed to a storage bin through a suction and discharge vehicle under the condition of not falling to the ground, and specifically, through detection, the chemical components and the mass percentage thereof in the dust are CaO:28%, mgO:3% of Cr 2 O 3 ：13%，Ni：2.5%，TFe：32%，SiO 2 ：8%。
(2) Adding 8% water by mass into the dust, uniformly stirring, and then loading the dust added with water into a digestion bin for 20 hours to dissolve particulate matters in the dust, wherein the dust is added with water, so that dust can not be raised in the transportation process to pollute the surrounding environment.
(3) Adding 6% of composite binder and 3% of glue by mass percent into the digested dust, uniformly stirring, feeding into a high-pressure ball press, performing cold pressing to obtain dust pellets with the diameter of 20-50mm, and airing for later use.
(4) Adding 88-90 tons of molten iron into a dephosphorization converter for smelting, wherein the molten iron fed into the converter comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:4.41%, si:0.56%, mn:0.84%, P:0.092%, S:0.060 percent, the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is 1256 ℃, no dust pellet is added in the desilication period of the first 2-4 minutes, after the slag has certain fluidity in the dephosphorization period, 1000kg of dust pellet is added for smelting, the furnace is turned upside down to discharge steel after the smelting is finished, and the chromium yield is as follows: 48.36 percent, and normal dephosphorization and demanganization efficiency.
Example 3
The method for smelting the low-phosphorus steel grade 410L by the dephosphorization converter comprises the following steps:
(1) Stainless steel dust at each dust-producing point of steelmaking is conveyed to a storage bin through a suction and discharge vehicle under the condition of not falling to the ground, and specifically, through detection, the chemical components and the mass percentage thereof in the dust are CaO:15%, mgO:2% of Cr 2 O 3 ：10%，Ni：1.5%，TFe：25%，SiO 2 ：4%。
(2) Adding 13 percent by mass of water into the dust, uniformly stirring, then loading the dust after adding water into a digestion bin for digestion for 24 hours to dissolve particulate matters in the dust, and adding water into the dust, so that dust can not be raised in the transportation process to pollute the surrounding environment.
(3) Adding 4% of composite binder and 5% of glue water by mass percent into the digested dust, uniformly stirring, feeding into a high-pressure ball press, performing cold pressing to press the mixture into dust pellets with the diameter of 20-50mm, and airing for later use.
(4) Adding 88-90 tons of molten iron into a dephosphorization converter for smelting, wherein the molten iron fed into the converter comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:4.41%, si:0.56%, mn:0.84%, P:0.092%, S:0.060 percent, the temperature of molten iron entering the furnace is 1286 ℃, no dust pellet is added in the desilication period of the first 2-4 minutes, 2500kg of dust pellet is added for smelting after the slag enters the dephosphorization period and has certain fluidity, and the steel is tapped after the smelting is finished and the converter is turned upside down, so that the chromium yield is as follows: 51.26 percent, and normal dephosphorization and demanganization efficiency.
The method firstly digests the stainless steel nickel and chromium dust, then carries out briquetting by adopting a cold-pressed pellet production process, finally adds the pellets meeting the charging condition into a dephosphorization converter of a semisteel smelting process for recovery, presses the dust pellets and fully utilizes the high-carbon molten iron conditions (charging WC is more than 4.0 percent and tapping WC is more than 2.8 percent) under the semisteel smelting mode of the dephosphorization converter, realizes effective reduction and recovery of nickel and chromium noble metal elements in the stainless steel dust without adding a reducing agent additionally, increasing the smelting cost of a steel mill and influencing the dephosphorization converter smelting process, reduces the production cost of the stainless steel and improves the comprehensive benefits of the steel mill.
Claims (5)
1. A method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Collecting dust, namely collecting the dust into a storage bin;
(2) Digesting the dust, adding water into the dust, uniformly stirring, and loading into a digestion bin for digestion;
(3) Ball pressing, namely adding a composite binder and glue into the digested dust, uniformly stirring, cold-pressing the mixture into dust pellets with the diameter of 20-50mm, and airing the dust pellets for later use;
(4) Dephosphorization smelting: adding molten iron into a dephosphorization converter for smelting, adding no dust pellets in the previous desilication period of 2-4 minutes, adding the dust pellets after entering the dephosphorization period for smelting, and pouring out steel after smelting, specifically, if the temperature of molten iron entering the converter is less than 1250 ℃, the Si content percentage is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, the adding amount of the dust pellets is less than 50 Kg, si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than 0.60 percent, the adding amount of the dust pellets is 500 Kg-1200Kg, si is more than 0.80 percent and more than 1800Kg;
if the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is more than or equal to 1250 ℃ and less than 1280 ℃, the percentage of Si content is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, and the addition amount of the dust pellets is less than 800Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than 0.60 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 800Kg to 1500Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.60 percent and less than 0.80 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 1500Kg to 2000Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.80 percent, the adding amount of the dust pellets is 2000 Kg-3000 Kg;
if the temperature of the molten iron entering the furnace is more than or equal to 1280 ℃, the Si content percentage is as follows: si is more than or equal to 0.30 percent and less than 0.50 percent, so the adding amount of the dust pellets is 1200Kg to 2500Kg; si is more than or equal to 0.50 percent, and the adding amount of the dust pellets is 2000Kg to 3000Kg.
2. The method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust according to claim 1, wherein the dust in step (1) comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: caO:10% -28%, mgO:1 to 3 percent of Cr 2 O 3 ：8%～13%，Ni：0%～2.5%，TFe：18%～32%，SiO 2 :2 to 8 percent, and the balance of inevitable impurities.
3. The method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust according to claim 1, wherein the mass percent of water added in the step (2) is 8-13%.
4. The method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust according to claim 1, wherein the digestion time in step (2) is not less than 16 hours.
5. The method for recycling stainless steel nickel and chromium dust according to claim 1, wherein the composite binder is added in step (3) in an amount of 4-7% by mass, and the glue is added in an amount of 2-5% by mass.
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