CN113174287A - Cutting fluid for metal - Google Patents

Cutting fluid for metal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113174287A
CN113174287A CN202110310320.7A CN202110310320A CN113174287A CN 113174287 A CN113174287 A CN 113174287A CN 202110310320 A CN202110310320 A CN 202110310320A CN 113174287 A CN113174287 A CN 113174287A
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Prior art keywords
fatty acid
cutting fluid
polyethylene glycol
dioleate
tall oil
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CN202110310320.7A
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CN113174287B (en
Inventor
王伟
付晓青
徐波玲
初铭玥
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Shenzhen Yuzhan Precision Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Yuzhan Precision Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/18—Tall oil acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

A cutting fluid for metals comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, pH regulator and water; wherein the molar ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 6.18-7.4: 1.7-2.5: 1.8-2.5, and the mass fraction of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%.

Description

Cutting fluid for metal
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of cutting fluid, in particular to cutting fluid for metal.
Background
Cutting fluids are often used in the machining of metal workpieces to improve the service life of the tools and the surface finish of the metal workpiece.
The existing cutting fluid cannot be filled with the cutting fluid at the same time due to the limitation of the formulaThe service life of the cutter is prolonged, the storage life of the cutting fluid is long, the service life is long, and the environment is protected. For example, some cutting fluids have short storage times and poor stability; some cutting fluids contain sulfide (such as olefin sulfide), chloride (such as chlorinated paraffin) and other substances, and can corrode certain metals (such as copper, iron and the like) in the process of processing metal workpieces, and waste cutting fluid can pollute the environment and can be decomposed to generate SO2And the like, which pollutes the environment and harms the human health.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a metal cutting fluid which has various advantages such as prolonged tool life, long storage life of the cutting fluid, long service life, environmental protection, and the like.
A cutting fluid for metals comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, pH regulator and water; wherein the molar ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 6.18-7.4: 1.7-2.5: 1.8-2.5, and the mass fraction of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate ranges from 10% to 14%.
In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant comprises at least one of the isomeric polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polysorbates.
In some embodiments, the polysorbate comprises at least one of polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the nonionic surfactant ranges from 2% to 7%.
In some embodiments, the anionic surfactant comprises at least one of petroleum sulfonate and dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the anionic surfactant ranges from 5% to 10%.
A cutting fluid for metal comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant pH regulator and water; the mass ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 10-12: 4.5-6.6: 10-14, and the mass fraction range of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%.
In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant comprises at least one of the isomeric polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polysorbates.
In some embodiments, the anionic surfactant comprises at least one of petroleum sulfonate and dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
The cutting fluid for the metal comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a pH regulator and water. The proportion of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is controlled, so that the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide, the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate and the base oil form a stable oil film structure, the storage life of the cutting fluid for the metal is prolonged, the service life of the cutting fluid is prolonged, in addition, the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate form a stable oil film structure with the base oil according to a specific proportion, the lubricating property of the cutting fluid is improved, the problems of cutter breakage and the like caused when the cutter cuts the metal can be prevented, and the service life of the cutter is further prolonged; in addition, the cutting fluid for the metal adopts green and environment-friendly components, and does not harm the environment and human bodies in the storage and use processes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a partial schematic view of an oil film structure formed between a tool and a workpiece by tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate and base oil in a cutting fluid for metal in a process that the cutting fluid for metal is used for the tool to process the workpiece according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the main elements
Cutting tool 10
Workpiece 20
Oil film 30
The following detailed description will further illustrate the present application in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present application can be more clearly understood, a detailed description of the present application will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. In addition, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, and the described embodiments are merely a subset of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all and any combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
The present embodiment provides a cutting fluid for metal, which is used to cool and lubricate a tool 10 and a workpiece 20 during a process in which the tool 10 processes the workpiece 20 containing metal.
The cutting fluid for metals comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a pH regulator and water.
The base oil is used as a solvent to dissolve tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant and pH regulator, and also has a cooling effect. The base oil may be selected from at least one of naphthenic base oil and paraffin base oil.
The tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate form an oil film 30 structure for protecting the tool 10 on the surfaces of the tool 10 and the workpiece 20 in the process that the cutting fluid for metal is used for the tool 10 to process the workpiece 20, so that the tool 10 is prevented from being damaged.
In some embodiments, the balance of the cutting fluid is water, and the presence of water can rapidly remove heat of the cutting fluid, reduce the viscosity of the cutting fluid and improve the fluidity of the cutting fluid.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide, and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate form the skeleton of the oil film 30. Wherein, because the surfaces of the cutter 10 and the workpiece 20 have polarity, the hydrophilic groups in the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate are polar groups and can be adsorbed on the surfaces of the cutter 10 and the workpiece 20; the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate has a long molecular chain and is a frame body forming the framework; the molecular chain of the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate has 4 ether oxygen groups, and molecules with high polarity such as tall oil fatty acid and fatty acid amide are easily adsorbed among the ether oxygen groups, so that the tall oil fatty acid and the fatty acid amide are positioned in the frame body, and the frame body formed by the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate and the frame body form the skeleton of the oil film 30; compared with the base oil, the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate are macromolecular substances, the small-molecular base oil is filled in the gaps of the framework, the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the base oil in the framework are difficult to move, and the oil film 30 is more stable in the horizontal direction.
The tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate all contain oleate (i.e., the residual groups of oleic acid after losing hydroxide radicals), and the molecular formula of the oleate is CH3(CH2)7CH＝CH(CH2)7CO-According to the molecular formula, an unsaturated double bond is arranged on an oleate, and under the condition of local extreme pressure, the double bonds in the oleate in the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate molecule are subjected to polymerization reaction to form a polymer (dimer), so that the polarity is enhanced, the lubricity is increased, and the extreme pressure performance is ensured. It should be noted that the structure of oil film 30 shown in fig. 1 is only a partial schematic view of actual oil film 30. In other words, the structure of the oil film 30 in fig. 1 can be regarded as one repeating unit of the oil film in the actual working state, and the oil film in the actual working state includes a plurality of such repeating units, and the plurality of repeating units are spread out at the interface between the tool 10 and the workpiece 20 to form a complete oil film structure.
In some embodiments, the two fatty acid amides in the oil film 30 are symmetrically adsorbed on the surfaces of the tool 10 and the workpiece 20 to form a "locating wedge" to make the connection between the skeletons more compact and the oil film 30 more dense.
In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide, and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 6.18-7.4: 1.7-2.5: 1.8-2.5. It should be noted that, since there may be some difference between the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate product produced by different manufacturers, any ratio satisfying the above requirements is within the scope of the present application.
The limitation of the above ratio enables the skeleton formed by the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate to be in a stable structure, and the structure of the oil film 30 is unstable due to too much or too little of any of the three substances.
The mass fraction range of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%. Tall oil fatty acid is advantageous for improving the lubricity of the cutting fluid for metal. The tall oil fatty acid content is too high, which causes poor biological stability of the cutting fluid for metal; when the content is too small, the lubricity of the metal cutting fluid is deteriorated.
Too much fatty acid amide can lead to less frame body consisting of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate and insufficient strength of the oil film 30; the fatty acid amide is too little, the positioning wedge is less, and the oil film 30 is easy to leak.
The mass fraction of the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 4.5-6%. The polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is excessive, so that tall oil fatty acid molecules used for filling in the skeleton are reduced, an oil film 30 is sparse, and the lubricating property is poor; too little polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate causes insufficient rigidity in the horizontal direction of the oil film 30 and deteriorates lubricity.
The nonionic surfactant has high surface activity, good performances of solubilization, washing, antistatic property, calcium soap dispersion and the like, is low in irritation, and is beneficial to improvement of the surface activity of the cutting fluid for the metal. The nonionic surfactant includes at least one of isomeric polyoxyethylene lauryl ether and polysorbate. Compared with other nonionic surfactants, since the HLB value of isomeric dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether is 13 and the HLB value of polysorbate is 15, the HLB values of the two nonionic surfactants are both large, so that the base oil is easily emulsified in water and a stable microemulsion system is formed. In addition, the isomeric dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether can also obviously reduce the surface tension and system viscosity of the cutting fluid; the polysorbate contains oleate polar group and has emulsifying and lubricating effects.
In some embodiments, the polysorbate comprises at least one of polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80.
The mass fraction of the nonionic surfactant is in the range of 2-7%.
The anionic surfactant is used to improve the surface, liquid-liquid interface and liquid-solid interface properties of the liquid. The anionic surfactant can be at least one selected from petroleum sulfonate and dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The mass fraction of the anionic surfactant is in the range of 5-10%.
The pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the cutting fluid for metal. The pH regulator may be at least one selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, isopropanolamine and aminopropanolamine.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 10-12: 4.5-6.6: 10-14, calculated as a mass ratio.
The mass fraction range of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%. Tall oil fatty acid is advantageous for improving the lubricity of the cutting fluid for metal. The tall oil fatty acid content is too high, which causes poor biological stability of the cutting fluid for metal; when the content is too small, the lubricity of the metal cutting fluid is deteriorated.
Too much fatty acid amide can lead to less frame body consisting of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate and insufficient strength of the oil film 30; the fatty acid amide is too little, the positioning wedge is less, and the oil film 30 is easy to leak.
The mass fraction of the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 10-14%. The polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is excessive, so that tall oil fatty acid molecules used for filling in the skeleton are reduced, an oil film 30 is sparse, and the lubricating property is poor; too little polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate causes insufficient rigidity in the horizontal direction of the oil film 30 and deteriorates lubricity.
The nonionic surfactant has high surface activity, good performances of solubilization, washing, antistatic property, calcium soap dispersion and the like, is low in irritation, and is beneficial to improvement of the surface activity of the cutting fluid for the metal. The nonionic surfactant includes at least one of isomeric polyoxyethylene lauryl ether and polysorbate. Compared with other nonionic surfactants, since the HLB value of isomeric dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether is 13 and the HLB value of polysorbate is 15, the HLB values of the two nonionic surfactants are both large, so that the base oil is easily emulsified in water and a stable microemulsion system is formed. In addition, the isomeric dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether can also obviously reduce the surface tension and system viscosity of the cutting fluid; the polysorbate contains oleate polar group and has emulsifying and lubricating effects.
In some embodiments, the polysorbate comprises at least one of polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80.
The mass fraction of the nonionic surfactant is in the range of 2-7%.
The anionic surfactant is used to improve the surface, liquid-liquid interface and liquid-solid interface properties of the liquid. The anionic surfactant can be at least one selected from petroleum sulfonate and dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The mass fraction of the anionic surfactant is in the range of 5-10%.
The pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the cutting fluid for metal. The pH regulator may be at least one selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, isopropanolamine and aminopropanolamine.
The present application is illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples. The embodiment and comparative examples all employ a tool 10 for machining a metal workpiece 20, the tool 10 being a tungsten steel tool. The rotation speed of the tool 10 in the machining process is 20000rpm, and the feed rate is 3000 mm/min. The cutting fluid for metal is used in the machining process, and the service life of the cutting fluid for metal and the service life of the cutter 10 are tested. The difference between the examples and comparative examples is the composition of the cutting fluid for metals.
Examples 1 to 1
The cutting fluid for metals comprises, by mass, 48 parts of base oil, 10.7 parts of tall oil fatty acid, 5.5 parts of fatty acid amide, 12.3 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, 2.5 parts of nonionic surfactant (Tween 80), 8 parts of anionic surfactant (sodium petroleum sulfonate T702), 2.2 parts of pH regulator (triethanolamine), 0.2 part of bactericide (benzisothiazolinone), 0.1 part of benzotriazole, 0.3 part of neodecanoic acid, 0.1 part of sebacic acid, 0.1 part of azelaic acid and the balance of water, wherein the total parts of all the materials is 100 parts. The benzotriazole, the neodecanoic acid, the sebacic acid and the azelaic acid are compounded corrosion inhibitors, are used for preventing metal in the workpiece 20 from being corroded by the cutting fluid in cutting processing, are functional additives, do not influence the cutting fluid scheme of the application, and achieve the purposes of prolonging the service life of a cutter, prolonging the storage life and the service life of the cutting fluid and protecting the environment.
10 parts of cutting fluid and 90 parts of water are mixed to prepare a working fluid for use in cutting.
Standing at normal temperature, and testing the storage time of the cutting fluid for the metal; the working fluid is used for cutting, and the time from the start of cutting to the failure of the working fluid is recorded as the service life of the cutting fluid; when cutting machining is carried out by using the cutting fluid, the total number of products produced by machining the cutter from the beginning to the failure of the cutter is taken as the service life of the cutter.
Examples 1 to 2
The difference from example 1 is: the fatty acid amide content in the metal cutting fluid was 4.5 parts, and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate content was 7 parts.
Examples 1 to 3
The difference from example 1 is: the metal cutting fluid contains 6 parts of fatty acid alcohol amine and 5.5 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate.
Comparative examples 1 to 1
The difference from example 1 is: the metal cutting fluid contains 3 parts of fatty acid alcohol amine and 8 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
The difference from example 1 is: the metal cutting fluid contains 7 parts of fatty acid alcohol amine and 4 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
The difference from example 1 is: the metal cutting fluid contains 5.5 parts of fatty acid alcohol amine and 8 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
The difference from example 1 is: the fatty acid amide content in the metal cutting fluid was 7 parts, and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate content was 6 parts.
Comparative examples 1 to 5
Unlike example 1, the cutting fluid included 53 parts of No. 5 high-speed machine oil, 5 parts of lead naphthenate, 2.5 parts of fatty acid amide, 6.5 parts of OP-10, 10 parts of chlorinated paraffin, and 13 parts of sodium petroleum sulfonate.
Referring to Table 1, the conditions and test results for examples 1-1 to 1-3 and comparative examples 1-1 to 1-5 are shown.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002989431290000101
Figure BDA0002989431290000111
As can be seen from the data in table 1, examples 1-1 to 1-3 improve the storage life, the service life, and the service life of the cutting fluid for metal use 10 by adjusting the mass ratio or the molar ratio of tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, as compared to comparative examples 1-1 to 1-4. When the mass ratio or the molar ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is adjusted to exceed a certain range, the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate cannot form a stable oil film 30 structure, and the service life of the cutter 10 cannot be prolonged.
The comparative examples 1 to 5 are conventional general cutting fluids, which do not contain the tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, and polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate in examples 1 to 3, and the proportions thereof are not adjusted, and thus a stable oil film structure cannot be formed, and thus the cutting fluids have a shorter service life and are less economical than those of the examples.
The content of fatty acid amide in the cutting fluid for metal of comparative example 1-1 is low, which causes the delamination of the cutting fluid for metal, the 'positioning wedge' is reduced, and the oil film 30 is easy to leak, thereby the delamination phenomenon is generated; the metal cutting fluids of comparative examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 4 have a high fatty acid amide content, and the fatty acid amide has a strong lipophilicity, so that the metal cutting fluids are hardly soluble, and thus the productivity is poor, and the metal cutting fluids cannot be mass-produced.
Example 2-1
The metal cutting fluid comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide and polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate. The mass fraction of tall oil fatty acid in the metal cutting fluid is 10%, and the mass ratio of fatty acid amide to polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 5.5:12.3, which is the same as that in example 1 and is not repeated herein.
Examples 2 to 2
The difference from example 2-1 is that: the mass fraction of tall oil fatty acid in the metal cutting fluid is 12%.
Comparative example 2-1
The difference from example 2-1 is that: the mass fraction of tall oil fatty acid in the metal cutting fluid is 8%.
Comparative examples 2 to 2
The difference from example 2-1 is that: the mass fraction of tall oil fatty acid in the metal cutting fluid is 14%.
Referring to Table 2, the conditions and test results for examples 2-1 to 2-2 and comparative examples 2-1 to 2-2 are shown.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002989431290000121
Figure BDA0002989431290000131
As can be seen from the test results in table 2, the tall oil fatty acid in comparative example 2-1, which has too small a mass fraction, has a poor emulsifying effect on the base oil and is not sufficiently completely emulsified, resulting in a reduction in the storage life of the cutting fluid. In the comparative example 2-2, the mass fraction of the tall oil fatty acid is too large, the biological stability of the cutting fluid for metal is poor, the storage life and the service life of the cutting fluid for metal are both shorter than those of the examples 2-1 and 2-2, the lubricating property of the cutting fluid is better due to the increase of the content of the tall oil fatty acid, but bacteria are easy to grow, so that the service life of the cutting fluid is short, but the service life of the cutting fluid is not influenced.
Example 3-1
The metal cutting fluid comprises, by mass, 48 parts of base oil, 10.7 parts of tall oil fatty acid, 5.5 parts of fatty acid amide, and 12.3 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, and the rest is the same as in example 1, and details are not repeated here.
Comparative example 3-1
The difference from example 3-1 is that: polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate was replaced with polyethylene glycol 400 monooleate.
Comparative examples 3 to 2
The difference from example 3-1 is that: polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate was replaced with polyethylene glycol 600 monooleate.
Comparative examples 3 to 3
The difference from example 3-1 is that: polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate was replaced with polyethylene glycol 600 monooleate.
Referring to Table 3, the conditions and test results for example 3-1 and comparative examples 3-1 to 3-3 are shown.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002989431290000141
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 3, since the HLB value of polyethylene glycol 400 monooleate used in comparative example 3-1 to comparative example 3-3 is 11 to 12, the HLB value of polyethylene glycol 600 monooleate is 13 to 14, and the HLB value of polyethylene glycol 600 dioleate is 10 to 11, respectively, since the HLB values of polyethylene glycol 400 monooleate, polyethylene glycol 600 monooleate, and polyethylene glycol 600 dioleate used in comparative example are all too high to be detrimental to the affinity with the base oil, resulting in the occurrence of delamination of the cutting fluid, while the HLB value of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 7 to 8, contributing to the affinity with the base oil, which can improve the storage life of the cutting fluid. Therefore, the stable oil film 30 structure can be formed by the tall oil fatty acid and the fatty acid amide only by adopting the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate.
Example 4-1
The metal cutting fluid comprises, by mass, 48 parts of base oil, 10.7 parts of tall oil fatty acid, 5.5 parts of fatty acid amide, 12.3 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, and 2.5 parts of a nonionic surfactant (tween 80, abbreviated as T80), and is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
Comparative example 4-1
The difference from example 4-1 is that: the nonionic surfactant is 3 parts of T60.
Comparative examples 4 to 2
The difference from example 4-1 is that: the nonionic surfactant is span 80 (SP 80 for short) in 2.5 parts.
Comparative examples 4 to 3
The difference from example 4-1 is that: the nonionic surfactant is 2.5 parts of OP-1.
Comparative examples 4 to 4
The difference from example 4-1 is that: the nonionic surfactant is 2.5 parts of TX-10.
Referring to Table 4, the conditions and test results for example 4-1 and comparative examples 4-1 to 4-4 are shown.
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0002989431290000151
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 4, comparative example 4-1 and comparative example 4-1, T80 and T60 are both Tween series surfactants, and have similar properties, but are liable to cause delamination of the cutting fluid and decrease the shelf life of the cutting fluid due to the slightly poor solubility of T60 in the base oil. SP80, OP-10 and TX-10 have no oleic acid ester group in the molecular structure, so the molecular structure is different from the structures of base oil and fatty acid amide in the system, and the system is unstable and has poor storage life. Different types of nonionic surfactants are adopted, so that the performance of the cutting fluid for the metal is greatly influenced. Among them, the metal cutting fluid using T80 as a nonionic surfactant has the best performance.
Example 5-1
The metal cutting fluid comprises, by mass, 48 parts of base oil, 10.7 parts of tall oil fatty acid, 5.5 parts of fatty acid amide, 12.3 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, and 2.5 parts of nonionic surfactant (T80), and is the same as example 1, and is not repeated herein.
Examples 5 and 2
The difference from example 5-1 is that: the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
Comparative example 5-1
The difference from example 5-1 is that: the anionic surfactant is alpha sodium alkenyl sulfonate.
Comparative examples 5 to 2
The difference from example 5-1 is that: the anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
Referring to Table 5, the conditions and test results for examples 5-1 to 5-2 and comparative examples 5-1 to 5-2 are shown.
TABLE 5
Figure BDA0002989431290000161
Figure BDA0002989431290000171
From the experimental results in table 5, it can be seen that the HLB values of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium petroleum sulfonate are respectively 10.6, 18, 40, and 13.8, and the HLB values of anionic surfactant sodium petroleum sulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate are relatively low, and have strong affinity with base oil, so that the stability of the cutting fluid can be maintained, and the storage life can be prolonged. Different types of anionic surfactants are adopted, so that the performance of the metal cutting fluid is greatly influenced, wherein the metal cutting fluid taking petroleum sodium sulfonate as the anionic surfactant has the best performance.
The cutting fluid for metal, provided by the application, comprises base oil, tall oil fatty acid, fatty acid amide, polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant and pH regulator. The proportion of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is controlled, so that the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide, the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate and the base oil form a stable oil film 30 structure, the storage life and the service life of the metal cutting fluid are prolonged, and the service life of the cutter 10 is prolonged; in addition, the cutting fluid for the metal adopts green and environment-friendly components, and does not harm the environment and human bodies in the storage and use processes.
Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A cutting fluid for metals, comprising:
a base oil;
tall oil fatty acids;
a fatty acid amide;
polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate;
a nonionic surfactant;
an anionic surfactant;
a pH adjusting agent; and
water;
wherein the molar ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 6.18-7.4: 1.7-2.5: 1.8-2.5, and the mass fraction of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%.
2. The metal cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is in a range of 10% to 14%.
3. The cutting fluid for metals according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises at least one of isomeric polyoxyethylene lauryl ether and polysorbate.
4. The cutting fluid for metals according to claim 3, wherein the polysorbate includes at least one of polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80.
5. The metal cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the nonionic surfactant is in a range of 2% to 7%.
6. The metal cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises at least one of petroleum sulfonate and dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
7. The metal cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the anionic surfactant is in a range of 5% to 10%.
8. A cutting fluid for metals, comprising:
a base oil;
tall oil fatty acids;
a fatty acid amide;
polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate;
a nonionic surfactant;
an anionic surfactant;
a pH adjusting agent; and
water;
the mass ratio of the tall oil fatty acid, the fatty acid amide and the polyethylene glycol 400 dioleate is 10-12: 4.5-6.6: 10-14, and the mass fraction range of the tall oil fatty acid is 10-12%.
9. The cutting fluid for metals according to claim 8, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises at least one of isomeric polyoxyethylene lauryl ether and polysorbate.
10. The metal cutting fluid according to claim 8, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises at least one of petroleum sulfonate and dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105462672A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-04-06 刘方旭 Extreme pressure type micro-emulsion cutting fluid
CN106118834A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-11-16 东莞市科泽润滑油有限公司 A kind of service life length aluminum alloy cutting fluid and preparation method thereof
CN108998187A (en) * 2018-09-05 2018-12-14 罗粉继 A kind of cutting fluid
CN111548848A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-18 陕西凯利清洗有限公司 Vegetable oil-based metal machining cutting fluid and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105462672A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-04-06 刘方旭 Extreme pressure type micro-emulsion cutting fluid
CN106118834A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-11-16 东莞市科泽润滑油有限公司 A kind of service life length aluminum alloy cutting fluid and preparation method thereof
CN108998187A (en) * 2018-09-05 2018-12-14 罗粉继 A kind of cutting fluid
CN111548848A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-18 陕西凯利清洗有限公司 Vegetable oil-based metal machining cutting fluid and preparation method thereof

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