CN113163113B - Image sensor frame rate and exposure control system and method - Google Patents
Image sensor frame rate and exposure control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113163113B CN113163113B CN202110334555.XA CN202110334555A CN113163113B CN 113163113 B CN113163113 B CN 113163113B CN 202110334555 A CN202110334555 A CN 202110334555A CN 113163113 B CN113163113 B CN 113163113B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/665—Control of cameras or camera modules involving internal camera communication with the image sensor, e.g. synchronising or multiplexing SSIS control signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/73—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the exposure time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
- H04N23/951—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems by using two or more images to influence resolution, frame rate or aspect ratio
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor, wherein the system comprises: the Soc is connected with the image sensor through an Mclk pin and a Pclk pin to provide an image sensor working clock and receive a synchronous clock which is output by the image sensor and represents image pixels, and the Soc controls the frequency of the working clock Mclk output to the image sensor to realize the frame rate and exposure control of the image sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of natural language processing technologies, and in particular, to a system and method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor.
Background
At present, a general method for controlling the frame rate and the exposure of an image sensor is to use a soc (System-on-a-Chip) to send a frame rate control command to the image sensor through an I2C bus, which usually needs to occupy an I2C pin of the soc, however, for a hardware System with a short embedded resource, the use of the soc pin is very tight and the pin is not enough to be used, so a technical means is actually necessary to provide so as to save the pin of the soc as much as possible on the premise of meeting the basic functional requirements (frame rate and image brightness) of the image sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a system and a method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor, so as to change the frame rate and exposure time of an image output by the image sensor by controlling the clock frequency output by a Soc to the image sensor, and only when the image sensor has no solidification initialization sequence, the Soc releases an I2C pin for other purposes immediately after performing initialization configuration on the image sensor through an I2C pin, so that resources of two pins of an I2C of the Soc terminal are saved and can be used for other functions.
To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides an image sensor frame rate and exposure control system, comprising: the Soc is connected with the image sensor through an Mclk pin and a Pclk pin to provide an image sensor working clock and receive a synchronous clock which is output by the image sensor and represents image pixels, and the Soc controls the frequency of the working clock Mclk output to the image sensor to realize the frame rate and exposure control of the image sensor.
Preferably, when the image sensor has a cured initialization sequence, the Soc does not need to initially configure the image sensor through the I2C pin, and when the image sensor has no cured initialization sequence, the Soc releases the I2C pin for other purposes upon initially configuring the image sensor through the I2C pin.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a frame rate and exposure control method for an image sensor, comprising the steps of:
step S1, after the image sensor is initialized, the Soc controls the working clock Mclk to output corresponding frequency, and records the current working clock Mclk frequency and the image frame rate Fps;
step S2, when the environmental brightness changes and needs to change the frame rate, the target working clock frequency is determined according to the target exposure time or directly according to the target frame rate;
step S3, the Soc end adjusts the output frequency of the working clock Mclk to the target working clock frequency, so as to adjust the frame rate and exposure of the image sensor, and record the current working clock Mclk frequency and the image frame rate Fps.
Preferably, before step S1, the method further includes:
step S0, determining whether the image sensor has been cured in the initialization sequence, if so, directly entering step S1, otherwise, performing initialization configuration on the image sensor through the I2C pin by the Soc end, and releasing the I2C pin of the Soc end after the initialization configuration.
Preferably, in step S2, if the image sensor does not have an ISP, when the ambient brightness changes and the frame rate needs to be changed, the ISP at the Soc end obtains the target exposure time through calculation, and calculates the value of the target operating clock frequency HZmclk according to a target exposure time calculation formula.
Preferably, in step S2, if the image sensor is provided with an ISP, the target operating clock frequency is determined directly according to the target frame rate.
Preferably, in step S2, when the ambient brightness changes and the frame rate needs to be changed, the output state of the image sensor needs to be detected, and whether the current state of the image sensor is in the vpw interval is determined, if so, the subsequent frame rate changing adjustment is performed, otherwise, the frame rate changing adjustment is directly finished without performing the frame rate changing adjustment.
Compared with the prior art, the system and the method for controlling the frame rate and the exposure of the image sensor change the frame rate and the exposure time of an image output by the image sensor by controlling the clock frequency output by the Soc to the image sensor, and only when the image sensor has no solidification initialization sequence, the Soc releases the I2C pin for other purposes immediately after performing initialization configuration on the image sensor through the I2C pin, so that the resources of the two pins of the I2C of the Soc end can be saved and can be used for other functions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of an image sensor frame rate and exposure control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of a standard image transmission in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of image sensor frame rate and exposure control in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the adjustment of the frame rate and the exposure time by the Soc ISP when the image sensor has no ISP in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the timing of adding frame rate changes in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and capabilities of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure by describing the embodiments of the present invention with specific embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system architecture for an image sensor frame rate and exposure control system according to the present invention. The invention relates to an image sensor frame rate and exposure control system, comprising: soc10, and image sensor 20.
The Soc10 is connected to the image sensor 20 through the Mclk pin and the Pclk pin to provide an operating clock for the image sensor 20 and receive a synchronous clock indicating image pixels from the image sensor output Soc10, if the image sensor 20 has a cured initialization sequence, the Soc10 does not need to initially configure the image sensor 20 through the I2C pin, if the image sensor 20 has no cured initialization sequence, the Soc10 releases the I2C pin for other purposes immediately after performing initialization configuration on the image sensor 20 through the I2C pin, and the Soc10 controls the frequency of the operating clock Mclk to realize frame rate and exposure control.
In the present invention, the operating clock Mclk refers to the operating clock provided by Soc10 to image sensor 20, the Pclk clock refers to the synchronous clock output by the image sensor to Soc representing the image pixel, and the data of one pixel is transferred every cycle of Pclk clock. The image pixel clock is here an abstract concept, e.g. the image sensor of the mipi interface has no direct pixel clock but can convert the mipi clock into the pixel clock. Pclk in the present invention represents a generic, abstracted pixel clock, applicable to all types of image sensors.
That is, the pin I2C is not needed when the image sensor 20 has been cured for initialization, I2C is used for initialization even for an image sensor without the cured initialization sequence, and I2C is not needed after initialization, so that the pin I2c can be saved for other functions. Since most cmos image sensors in the market at present belong to a no-curing initialization sequence, the invention uses the I2C pin to initially configure the image sensor 20 through the Soc10 to immediately release the pin of the I2C for other uses, thereby achieving the purpose of saving two pins of the Soc 10.
Fig. 2 shows various links involved in the image transmission process, which represents the whole process of the whole image transmission, and referring to fig. 2, the general formula for calculating the frame rate is as follows:
Fps＝HZpclk/(width+hbp+hpw+hfp)/(height+vbp+vpw+vfp) (1)
wherein, each parameter is defined as follows:
fps: outputting a frame rate for the image sensor;
HZpclk: a frequency of a pixel clock Pclk outputting an image for the image sensor;
width: the pixel size of the image line is output for the image sensor. Width corresponds to horizontal columns of FIG. 3;
height: the pixel size of the image height is output for the image sensor sesnor. Height corresponds to vertical rows of FIG. 3; for example, if the output resolution of the image sensor is 1280 × 720, then width is 1280, and height is 720;
hbp: the posterior shoulder of horizontal back porch;
hpw: a horizontal pulse width line;
hfp: horizontal front porch row foreshoulder;
vbp: vertical back porch frame back shoulder;
vpw: vertical pulse width frame pulse width;
vfp: vertical front porch frame foreshoulder.
The six parameters Hbp, Hpw, Hfp, vbp, vpw, and vfp are configured in the image sensor initialization sequence, and each unit is a pixel time, which is how many times the time required for transferring one pixel, for example, if the configuration Hbp of the image sensor is 10, it indicates that Hbp is the time for outputting 10 pixels by the image sensor.
It should be noted that: although the frequency change of HZmclk can cause the frequency change of HZpclk, the values of the parameters of width, hbp, hpw, hfp, height, vbp, vpw and vfp are not changed. They are configured within the initialization sequence of the image sensor, i.e. their corresponding pixel clocks are not changed.
The image sensor PLL (phase locked loop) and the working clock Mclk are in integral multiple relation, and the pixel clock Pclk and the PLL are also in integral multiple relation, so that:
HZpclk＝HZmclk*n (2)
the image sensor comprises an image sensor, a plurality of image sensors, a plurality of initialization parameters and a plurality of image sensors, wherein HZpclk is the frequency of a pixel of an image output by the image sensor, HZmclk is the clock frequency output by Soc to the image sensor, n is a coefficient, n is greater than 0, the coefficients are possibly different due to different models of image sensors or different initialization parameters, and the size of the default HZmclk and the corresponding size of the HZpclk can be generally obtained from an image sensor manufacturer, so that the value of the coefficient n can be obtained.
Therefore, the following equations (1) and (2) can be obtained:
Fps＝HZmclk*n/(width+hbp+hpw+hfp)/(height+vbp+vpw+vfp) (3)
it can be seen that only HZmclk in equation (3) is a variable parameter.
From this it can then be derived: the output frame rate Fps of the image sensor can be changed by changing the frequency HZmclk of the working clock; conversely, the frame rate Fps output by the image sensor can also obtain the magnitude of the working clock frequency HZmclk, so that the process of changing the frame rate is changed into the process of changing the working clock frequency HZmclk of the working clock Mclk. The Soc10 can control the frame rate and exposure of the image sensor 20 by controlling the frequency of the Mclk clock.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating frame rate and exposure control of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step S1, after the image sensor is initialized, the Soc controls the working clock Mclk to output a corresponding frequency, and records the current working clock Mclk frequency and the image frame rate Fps.
And step S2, when the environmental brightness changes and needs to change the frame rate, determining the target working clock frequency according to the target exposure time.
Generally, the frame rate is changed because the ambient brightness in the scene changes, for example, the frame rate needs to be decreased when the ambient brightness becomes insufficient or even the image noise becomes large after the ambient brightness becomes dark, or the frame rate needs to be increased when the image is overexposed after the ambient brightness becomes bright.
The maximum exposure time for the image sensor is the reciprocal of the frame rate, for example 25fps, the maximum exposure time is 1/25-40 ms.
The maximum number of adjustable exposure lines of the image sensor is determined by the number of lines of the output image, so that its maximum number of exposure lines is a certain value when the initialization parameter is constant.
The number of current exposure lines of the image sensor is determined by the configuration of the register, and the number of current exposure lines is also determined after the configuration of the initialization parameter.
The true exposure time Texp is obtained from the above reasons:
Texp＝1/Fps*current_exp_rows/max_exp_rows (4)
substituting the formula (3) into the formula (4) to obtain:
Texp＝(width+hbp+hpw+hfp)*(height+vbp+vpw+vfp)*current_exp_rows/(max_exp_rows*HZmclk*n) (5)
wherein, Texp is the real exposure time, and the unit is second;
current _ exp _ rows is an exposure parameter configured when the image sensor is initialized, and the unit is a row number. Already configured in the initialization sequence. The value of this parameter is not greater than max _ exp _ rows;
max _ exp _ rows: the exposure parameter is the maximum supported exposure parameter of the image sensor, and the unit is the number of lines. This parameter is related to the number of image output lines in the initialization sequence of the image sensor, and is fixed when the initialization sequence has been determined. The image sensor manufacturer can confirm the value of this parameter according to the initialization sequence.
It can be seen from formulas (3) and (4) that the frame rate is affected by the frequency of the operating clock frequency HZmclk, the Fps frame rate of the image sensor is related to the actual exposure time of Texp, and the three are related to each other, the frame rate is adjusted, that is, the exposure time is adjusted, and the frame rate is changed when the exposure time is adjusted. It is understood that since the internal logic of the image sensor is referenced to the input clock frequency Mclk, when the clock frequency changes, the image sensor does not know that it is still considered to be unchanged, so that the actual objective time changes, and the actual exposure time also changes with the operating clock frequency.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 5, if the Image sensor does not have an ISP (Image Signal Processing), and when the ambient brightness changes and needs to change the frame rate, the ISP at the Soc end obtains the target exposure time by calculation, that is, the Texp of formula (5) (the ISP at the Soc end has an algorithm to calculate how much exposure time the Image sensor should be adjusted to, and here, the existing algorithm is used, which is not described here in detail), and then the value of the target operating clock frequency HZmclk can be calculated according to formula (5), that is:
HZmclk＝(width+hbp+hpw+hfp)*(height+vbp+vpw+vfp)*current_exp_rows/(max_exp_rows*Texp*n)
if the image sensor is provided with an ISP, because the parameters such as the exposure time and the gain of the image sensor can be automatically adjusted, the Soc end does not need to update the parameters, and only needs to adjust the output frame rate of the image sensor according to the formula (3), that is, the adjustment is performed according to the formula (3):
HZmclk＝Fps*(width+hbp+hpw+hfp)*(height+vbp+vpw+vfp)/n
for example, when the system requirement needs to be adjusted from the current frame rate to the target frame rate of 20 frames, the target frame rate Fps is used as a substitution amount to obtain HZmclk, and the obtained HZmclk is the operating clock frequency that the Soc needs to be adjusted.
In step S3, the Soc adjusts the output frequency of the Mclk to the target working clock frequency, so as to adjust the frame rate and exposure of the image sensor, and record the current Mclk frequency and the image frame rate Fps of the working clock. That is, the Soc terminal adjusts the output frame rate of the image sensor according to formula (1) by adjusting the Mclk output frequency to the target operating clock frequency.
Preferably, before step S1, the method further includes the following steps:
step S0, determining whether the image sensor has been cured in the initialization sequence, if so, directly entering step S1, otherwise, initially configuring the image sensor by the Soc end through I2C, and releasing the I2C pin of the Soc end after the initialization configuration, so as to save the pin of I2c of the Soc end for other functions.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, in step S2, when the ambient brightness changes and the frame rate needs to be changed, the output state of the image sensor needs to be detected, and it is determined whether the current state of the image sensor is in the vpw interval, if so, the subsequent frame rate changing adjustment is performed, otherwise, the adjustment is not performed and the adjustment is directly ended.
That is, in the present invention, the frame rate change timing must be performed within the vpw interval. Because the cmos image sensor is exposed in units of lines, unlike the CCD which is exposed entirely in units of frames, if HZmclk is changed during the output of the image sensor, the actual exposure time of the remaining image line data of the frame being transferred is different. Therefore, in order to avoid the problem that the actual exposure time is different for different lines in one frame, the timing for defining the frame rate change is required to be performed in the vpw interval. The image sensor does not output any image data in the vpw section, and is in the middle of exposure processing for all line data in the image.
In summary, the system and method for controlling frame rate and exposure of an image sensor according to the present invention changes the frame rate and exposure time of an image output by the image sensor by controlling the clock frequency output from the Soc to the image sensor, and only when the image sensor has no solidification initialization sequence, the Soc releases the I2C pin for other purposes after performing initialization configuration on the image sensor through the I2C pin, so that resources of two pins I2C at the Soc end can be saved for other functions.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. An image sensor frame rate and exposure control system, comprising: the Soc is connected with the image sensor through an Mclk pin and a Pclk pin so as to provide an image sensor working clock and receive a synchronous clock which is output by the image sensor and represents image pixels, and the Soc controls the frequency of the Mclk working clock output to the image sensor so as to realize the frame rate and exposure control of the image sensor; when the image sensor is in a cured initialization sequence, the Soc does not need to perform initial configuration on the image sensor through an I2C pin, and when the image sensor is not in the cured initialization sequence, the Soc releases an I2C pin for other purposes after performing the initial configuration on the image sensor through an I2C pin.
2. An image sensor frame rate and exposure control method, comprising the steps of:
step S0, judging whether the image sensor is solidified initialization sequence, if solidified, directly entering step S1, otherwise, performing initialization configuration on the image sensor through I2C pin by Soc end, and releasing I2C pin of Soc end after initialization configuration;
step S1, after the image sensor is initialized, the Soc controls the working clock Mclk to output corresponding frequency, and records the current working clock Mclk frequency and the image frame rate Fps;
step S2, when the environmental brightness changes and needs to change the frame rate, the target working clock frequency is determined according to the target exposure time or directly according to the target frame rate;
step S3, the Soc end adjusts the output frequency of the working clock Mclk to the target working clock frequency, so as to adjust the frame rate and exposure of the image sensor, and record the current working clock Mclk frequency and the image frame rate Fps.
3. The image sensor frame rate and exposure control method of claim 2, wherein: in step S2, if the image sensor does not have an ISP, when the ambient brightness changes and the frame rate needs to be changed, the ISP at the Soc end obtains the target exposure time through calculation, and calculates the value of the target operating clock frequency HZmclk according to the target exposure time calculation formula.
4. The image sensor frame rate and exposure control method of claim 2, wherein: in step S2, if the image sensor is provided with an ISP, the target operating clock frequency is determined directly according to the target frame rate.
5. The image sensor frame rate and exposure control method of claim 2, wherein: in step S2, when the ambient brightness changes and the frame rate needs to be changed, the output state of the image sensor needs to be detected, and it is determined whether the current state of the image sensor is in the vpw interval, if so, the subsequent frame rate change adjustment is performed, otherwise, the frame rate change adjustment is directly ended without performing the frame rate change adjustment.
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