CN113162254A - Multi-stage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit and voltage stabilizing method - Google Patents
Multi-stage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit and voltage stabilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit and a voltage stabilizing method.A primary side current sampling circuit of the multistage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit collects the current of a voltage regulating circuit, a secondary side current sampling circuit and a secondary side voltage sampling circuit respectively collect the current of a rectifying and filtering circuit and output load voltage, and the collected current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the output load voltage are transmitted to a primary side through a wireless communication module; the control module generates a voltage regulating circuit pulse control signal according to the voltage regulating circuit current, the rectified filter circuit current transmitted to the primary side and the output load voltage. According to the invention, no extra equipment is added in the main circuit, so that the electric energy transmission of the main circuit is not influenced; by applying the wide and narrow pulses to the voltage regulating circuit, the control mode is simple, and the good voltage-stabilizing output can be realized without complex programming setting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a multi-level pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit and a voltage stabilizing method.
Background
The traditional electric energy transmission is mainly point-to-point through a metal wire and belongs to direct contact transmission. The transmission mode uses cable wires as media, and some problems are inevitably generated in the process of power transmission. The electric spark caused by factors such as point discharge and line aging not only increases the line loss, but also greatly reduces the reliability and safety of power supply and shortens the service life of the equipment. In the occasions of oil fields, drilling and mining mines and the like, the traditional power transmission mode is easy to generate tiny electric sparks due to friction, even explodes in serious cases, and serious accidents are caused. Under water, the direct contact of the wires to the power supply also has the risk of electric shock. Wireless power transmission is also called wireless power transmission or non-contact power transmission, and refers to a transmission mode in which electric energy is converted into relay energy of other forms (such as electromagnetic field energy, laser, microwave, mechanical wave and the like) by a transmitter, and the relay energy is converted into electric energy by a receiver after transmission for a certain distance, so as to realize wireless power transmission.
In practical wireless power transmission applications, the input voltage and the output load often fluctuate, and in order to maintain the normal operation of the system, some method is usually selected for voltage stabilization. The voltage stabilizing mode of the existing wireless power transmission device is usually complex, an additional hardware circuit is needed, and the defects of limited anti-interference performance and insufficient real-time performance exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the voltage stabilizing mode of the existing wireless electric energy transmission device, the invention provides a multi-stage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit and a voltage stabilizing method.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a multistage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit which characterized in that: the wireless communication system comprises an input power supply, a voltage regulating circuit, a high-frequency inverter circuit, a resonance coupling circuit, a rectifying and filtering circuit, an output load, a primary side current sampling circuit, a secondary side voltage sampling circuit, a wireless communication module and a control module;
the input power supply provides direct current voltage for the system;
the voltage regulating circuit regulates the direct current voltage of the input power supply and inputs the regulated direct current voltage to the high-frequency inverter circuit;
the high-frequency inverter circuit inverts the direct current electric energy into high-frequency alternating current electric energy and inputs the high-frequency alternating current electric energy to the primary side of the resonant coupling circuit;
the resonant coupling circuit transmits primary electric energy to a secondary side through a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and the primary electric energy is input into the rectifying and filtering circuit from the secondary side;
the rectification filter circuit converts the high-frequency alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy and transmits the direct current electric energy to an output load;
the primary side current sampling circuit collects the current of the voltage regulating circuit, the secondary side current sampling circuit and the secondary side voltage sampling circuit respectively collect the current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the output load voltage, and the collected current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the output load voltage are transmitted to the primary side through the wireless communication module;
the control module generates a voltage regulating circuit pulse control signal according to the voltage regulating circuit current, the rectified filter circuit current transmitted to the primary side and the output load voltage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention transmits the current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the output load voltage collected at the secondary side to the primary side through the wireless communication module, the control module sums the current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the output load voltage transmitted to the primary side according to a certain proportionality coefficient to generate a control variable, compares the control variable with a reference value of the output voltage and determines the frequency and the duty ratio of a pulse control signal. The invention adopts a multi-stage pulse switching technology, the control precision is high, and the steady-state error is small; the system has good power grid regulation rate and load regulation rate, multi-stage frequency pulse control is selected, and the response speed of the system is in direct proportion to the amplitude deviating from a steady state value; no extra equipment is added in the main circuit, so that the power transmission of the main circuit is not influenced; by applying the wide and narrow pulses to the voltage regulating circuit, the control mode is simple, and the good voltage-stabilizing output can be realized without complex programming setting.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low frequency output oscillation generation mechanism in a pulse switching technique;
FIG. 2 is a connection topology diagram of a multi-level pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for stabilizing voltage of a multi-level pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As can be seen from circuit theory, the quantities that affect the change in the output voltage of the resonant coupling circuit include the input voltage, the degree of coupling of the coil, and the output load. In actual system operation, the output load changes, the coupling degree changes due to coil distance changes, and the like, which generally cause the output voltage of the resonant coupling circuit to change. In order to maintain the output voltage constant, the input voltage can be selected to be regulated, and the regulated output is realized.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the circuit is controlled by the ordinary pulse switching technique, the output voltage u is0Waveform and regulator circuit diode current iDThe waveforms have phase differences, which cause delay in system control, and the output voltage rises when high pulses cannot be achieved, and falls when low pulses cannot be achieved. As shown in point A, the output voltage u0Greater than the output reference value VrefThe circuit selects the low pulse, but the diode current iDIs still larger than the output capacitance current i of the voltage regulating circuitC1Therefore, the output voltage still increases and is far from the output reference value VrefThis condition produces an output oscillation. According to the method, a control module sums a primary side current sampling signal, a secondary side current sampling signal and a voltage sampling signal according to a certain proportionality coefficient to obtain a control variable a, the control variable a and a voltage regulating circuit diode current iDThe phase difference is very small, the output oscillation is eliminated, and the voltage stabilization performance of the system is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, a multi-stage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit includes an input power supply, a voltage regulating circuit, a high frequency inverter circuit, a resonant coupling circuit, a rectifying and filtering circuit, an output load, a primary side current sampling circuit, a secondary side voltage sampling circuit, a wireless communication module, and a control module. The input power supply provides a direct current voltage for the system. The voltage regulating circuit regulates the direct current voltage of the input power supply and inputs the regulated direct current voltage to the high-frequency inverter circuit. The high-frequency inverter circuit inverts the direct current electric energy into high-frequency alternating current electric energy, and inputs the high-frequency alternating current electric energy to the primary side of the resonance coupling circuit. The resonance coupling circuit transmits the primary side electric energy to the secondary side through the high-frequency electromagnetic field, and the primary side electric energy is input into the rectification filter circuit from the secondary side. The rectification filter circuit converts the high-frequency alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy and transmits the direct current electric energy to an output load. The primary side current sampling circuit collects current of the voltage regulating circuit, the secondary side current sampling circuit and the secondary side voltage sampling circuit respectively collect current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and output load voltage, and the collected current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the collected output load voltage are transmitted to the primary side through the wireless communication module. The control module generates a voltage regulating circuit pulse control signal according to the voltage regulating circuit current, the rectified filter circuit current transmitted to the primary side and the output load voltage.
The voltage regulating circuit comprises an input capacitor C1, an N-channel MOSFET Q1, a magnetic ring inductor L1, an output capacitor C2 and a fast recovery diode VD1, wherein the input capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with two ends of an input power Vin and plays a role in filtering the input power Vin and absorbing MOSFET pulsating current, a drain electrode of the N-channel MOSFET Q1 is connected with the input capacitor C1, a source electrode of the N-channel MOSFET Q1 is connected with a first end of the magnetic ring inductor L1, when the MOSFET Q1 is switched on, the input power Vin charges the magnetic ring inductor L1, and when the MOSFET Q1 is switched off, the magnetic ring inductor L1 outputs stored electric energy. The negative electrode of the fast recovery diode VD1 is respectively connected with the source electrode of the N-channel MOSFET Q1 and the first end of the magnetic loop inductor L1, the positive electrode of the fast recovery diode VD1 is connected with the negative electrode of the output capacitor C2, and when the MOSFET Q1 is turned off, the fast recovery diode VD1 provides a follow current loop for the magnetic loop inductor L1. The second end of the magnetic loop inductor L1 and the anode of the output capacitor C2 are respectively connected with the cathode of the power Vin, and the output filtering function is achieved. The formula of the output voltage of the voltage regulating circuit is as follows:
wherein, VinFor regulating the input voltage of the circuit, VoD is the duty ratio of the control pulse of the voltage regulating circuit.
The high-frequency inverter circuit comprises a bridge circuit formed by four N-channel MOSFETs Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, wherein a drain electrode of the Q2 is connected with an anode of a fast recovery diode VD1 and a drain electrode of the Q4 respectively, a source electrode of the Q2 is connected with a drain electrode of the Q3, a source electrode of the Q4 is connected with a drain electrode of the Q5, and a source electrode of the Q3 and a source electrode of the Q5 are connected with a cathode of a power supply Vin respectively. When the high-frequency inverter circuit works, Q2 and Q5 are simultaneously conducted, Q3 and Q4 are simultaneously conducted, and two groups of MOSFETs are alternately conducted. The direct current output by the voltage regulating circuit is inverted into high-frequency alternating current through a high-frequency inverter circuit.
The resonant coupling circuit comprises a primary side resonant capacitor C3, a secondary side resonant capacitor C4, a primary side coupling inductor L2 and a secondary side coupling inductor L3, wherein the first end of the primary side resonant capacitor C3 is connected between the source of Q2 and the drain of Q3, the second end of the primary side resonant capacitor C3 is connected with the first end of the primary side coupling inductor L2, and the second end of the primary side coupling inductor L2 is connected between the source of Q4 and the drain of Q5; the first end of the secondary side resonant capacitor C4 is connected with the first end of the secondary side coupling inductor L3, and the second end of the secondary side resonant capacitor C4 and the second end of the secondary side coupling inductor L3 are respectively connected with the rectifying and filtering circuit. The primary and secondary resonant capacitors are high-voltage film capacitors with good high-frequency performance, and the primary and secondary coupling inductors are formed by winding multiple litz wires. The high-frequency alternating current output by the high-frequency inverter circuit passes through the resonant coupling circuit, the coupling inductor induces a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and the electric energy is wirelessly transmitted through the high-frequency electromagnetic field.
The rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a bridge circuit formed by four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and a filtering capacitor C5, the cathode of D1 is connected with the cathode of D3, the anode of D2 is connected with the anode of D4, the anode of D1 is connected with the cathode of D2, the anode of D3 is connected with the cathode of D4, the second end of a secondary side resonant capacitor C4 is connected between the anode of D3 and the cathode of D4, the second end of a secondary side coupling inductor L3 is connected between the anode of D1 and the cathode of D2, the first end of a filtering capacitor C5 is respectively connected with the cathode of D1 and the cathode of D3, and the second end of a filtering capacitor C5 is respectively connected with the anode of D2 and the anode of D4. The high-frequency alternating current wirelessly transmitted from the resonant coupling circuit is converted into direct current through the rectifying and filtering circuit. The output load R3 is connected in parallel across the filter capacitor C5.
The primary side current sampling circuit comprises a first current transformer, the primary side of the first current transformer is connected between the anode of the output capacitor C2 and the cathode of the power Vin in series, and the secondary side of the first current transformer is connected with the input end of the control module. The primary side current sampling circuit samples the current of the branch in which the output capacitor C2 is located.
The secondary side current sampling circuit comprises a second current transformer, a primary side of the second current transformer is connected between the second end of the filter capacitor C5 and the anode of the D4 in series, and a secondary side of the second current transformer is connected with the input end of the control module through the wireless communication module. The secondary side current sampling circuit samples the current of the branch in which the filter capacitor C5 is located.
The secondary side voltage sampling circuit comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a voltage follower, wherein a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 which are connected in series are arranged between two ends of an output load R3, the input end of the voltage follower is connected between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the output end of the voltage follower is connected with the input end of a control module through a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module selects an NRF24L01 wireless communication module. The secondary side voltage sampling circuit samples the voltage across the second resistor R2.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a method for stabilizing voltage by using a multi-level pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit, comprising:
s1: the primary side current sampling circuit samples current of a branch where the output capacitor C2 is located, the secondary side current sampling circuit samples current of a branch where the filter capacitor C5 is located, and the secondary side voltage sampling circuit samples voltage of two ends of a second resistor R2;
s2: the primary side current sampling signal is transmitted to the control module, the secondary side current sampling signal and the voltage sampling signal are transmitted to the control module through the wireless communication module, the wireless communication module adopts an NRF24L01 module, 2.4GHz electromagnetic wave communication can be achieved, the secondary side is a wireless communication sending module, and the primary side is a wireless communication receiving module. The control module selects STM32 series single chip microcomputer chips, and the control module sums three sampling signals according to a certain proportionality coefficient to obtain a control variable a, namely:
a=uo+αic1+βic2
wherein u isoFor the system secondary side voltage sampling signal, ic1Is a primary side current sampling signal ic2The signal is a secondary side current sampling signal, and both alpha and beta are proportionality coefficients;
s3: the control module controls the variable a and the output voltage reference value VrefAnd comparing to determine the frequency and duty ratio of the pulse control signal:
when a is equal to (0, 0.7V)ref]When the voltage is increased, a pulse 1 is sent, the frequency of a pulse control signal is 50kHz, the duty ratio is 0.7, and the output voltage is increased rapidly;
when a is epsilon (0.7V)ref,Vref]When the voltage is increased, a pulse 2 is sent, the frequency of a pulse control signal is 30kHz, the duty ratio is 0.6, and the output voltage gradually increases;
when a is an e (V)ref,1.3Vref]When the voltage is higher than the set voltage, sending a pulse 3, controlling the frequency of a signal to be 30kHz, controlling the duty ratio to be 0.4, and gradually reducing the output voltage;
when a is epsilon (1.3V)refAnd + ∞), pulse 4 is transmitted, the frequency of the pulse control signal is 50kHz, the duty ratio is 0.3, and the output voltage is rapidly reduced.
The control module outputs corresponding pulses according to the magnitude of the input variable a to complete the control, and if the system continuously operates, the control module performs the next control according to the same flow after the control is finished. Under the condition of a specific working condition, the system output is stable, the control module circularly outputs a fixed pulse sequence by taking the modulation period as a unit, and different working conditions correspond to different pulse sequences. The multi-level pulse switching technology requires that the modulation period is less than the switching period of the voltage regulating circuit, so that good voltage stabilizing performance can be realized.
The invention transmits the rectifying and filtering circuit current and the output load voltage collected at the secondary side to the primary side through the wireless communication module, the control module sums the rectifying and filtering circuit current and the output load voltage transmitted to the primary side according to a certain proportionality coefficient to generate a control variable, compares the control variable with an output voltage reference value, and determines the frequency and the duty ratio of a pulse control signal. The invention adopts a multi-stage pulse switching technology, the control precision is high, and the steady-state error is small; the system has good power grid regulation rate and load regulation rate, multi-stage frequency pulse control is selected, and the response speed of the system is in direct proportion to the amplitude deviating from a steady state value; no extra equipment is added in the main circuit, so that the power transmission of the main circuit is not influenced; by applying the wide and narrow pulses to the voltage regulating circuit, the control mode is simple, and the good voltage-stabilizing output can be realized without complex programming setting.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multistage pulse switching voltage stabilizing circuit which characterized in that: the wireless communication system comprises an input power supply, a voltage regulating circuit, a high-frequency inverter circuit, a resonance coupling circuit, a rectifying and filtering circuit, an output load, a primary side current sampling circuit, a secondary side voltage sampling circuit, a wireless communication module and a control module;
the input power supply provides direct current voltage for the system;
the voltage regulating circuit regulates the direct current voltage of an input power supply and inputs the regulated direct current voltage to the high-frequency inverter circuit;
the high-frequency inverter circuit inverts the direct current electric energy into high-frequency alternating current electric energy and inputs the high-frequency alternating current electric energy to the primary side of the resonant coupling circuit;
the resonance coupling circuit transmits primary electric energy to a secondary side through a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and the primary electric energy is input into the rectification filter circuit from the secondary side;
the rectification filter circuit converts high-frequency alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy and transmits the direct current electric energy to an output load;
the primary side current sampling circuit collects current of the voltage regulating circuit, the secondary side current sampling circuit and the secondary side voltage sampling circuit respectively collect current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and output load voltage, and the collected current of the rectifying and filtering circuit and the collected output load voltage are transmitted to the primary side through the wireless communication module;
the control module generates a voltage regulating circuit pulse control signal according to the voltage regulating circuit current, the rectified filter circuit current transmitted to the primary side and the output load voltage.
2. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 1, wherein: the voltage regulating circuit comprises an input capacitor C1, an N-channel MOSFET Q1, a magnetic ring inductor L1, an output capacitor C2 and a fast recovery diode VD1, wherein the input capacitor C1 is connected to two ends of an input power Vin in parallel, the drain electrode of the N-channel MOSFET Q1 is connected with the input capacitor C1, the source electrode of the N-channel MOSFET Q1 is connected with the first end of a magnetic ring inductor L1, the cathode of the fast recovery diode VD1 is connected with the source electrode of the N-channel MOSFET Q1 and the first end of the magnetic ring inductor L1 respectively, the anode of the fast recovery diode VD1 is connected with the cathode of the output capacitor C2, and the second end of the magnetic ring inductor L1 and the anode of the output capacitor C2 are connected with the cathode of the power Vin respectively.
3. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 2, wherein: the high-frequency inverter circuit comprises a bridge circuit composed of four N-channel MOSFETs Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, wherein a drain of the Q2 is connected with a positive electrode of a fast recovery diode VD1 and a drain of the Q4 respectively, a source of the Q2 is connected with a drain of the Q3, a source of the Q4 is connected with a drain of the Q5, and a source of the Q3 and a source of the Q5 are connected with a negative electrode of a power Vin respectively.
4. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 3, wherein: the resonant coupling circuit comprises a primary side resonant capacitor C3, a secondary side resonant capacitor C4, a primary side coupling inductor L2 and a secondary side coupling inductor L3, wherein the first end of the primary side resonant capacitor C3 is connected between the source of Q2 and the drain of Q3, the second end of the primary side resonant capacitor C3 is connected with the first end of the primary side coupling inductor L2, and the second end of the primary side coupling inductor L2 is connected between the source of Q4 and the drain of Q5; and a first end of the secondary side resonance capacitor C4 is connected with a first end of a secondary side coupling inductor L3, and a second end of the secondary side resonance capacitor C4 and a second end of the secondary side coupling inductor L3 are respectively connected with the rectifying and filtering circuit.
5. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 4, wherein: the rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a bridge circuit formed by four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and a filtering capacitor C5, the cathode of D1 is connected with the cathode of D3, the anode of D2 is connected with the anode of D4, the anode of D1 is connected with the cathode of D2, the anode of D3 is connected with the cathode of D4, the second end of a secondary side resonant capacitor C4 is connected between the anode of D3 and the cathode of D4, the second end of a secondary side coupling inductor L3 is connected between the anode of D1 and the cathode of D2, the first end of a filtering capacitor C5 is respectively connected with the cathode of D1 and the cathode of D3, and the second end of the filtering capacitor C5 is respectively connected with the anode of D2 and the anode of D4.
6. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 5, wherein: the output load R3 is connected in parallel across the filter capacitor C5.
7. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 6, wherein: the primary side current sampling circuit comprises a first current transformer, the primary side of the first current transformer is connected between the anode of the output capacitor C2 and the cathode of the power supply Vin in series, and the secondary side of the first current transformer is connected with the input end of the control module.
8. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 7, wherein: the secondary side current sampling circuit comprises a second current transformer, the primary side of the second current transformer is connected between the second end of the filter capacitor C5 and the anode of the D4 in series, and the secondary side of the second current transformer is connected with the input end of the control module through the wireless communication module.
9. The multi-level pulse switching voltage regulator circuit of claim 8, wherein: the secondary side voltage sampling circuit comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a voltage follower, wherein a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 which are connected in series are arranged between two ends of an output load R3, the input end of the voltage follower is connected between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the output end of the voltage follower is connected with the input end of a control module through a wireless communication module.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of stabilizing the voltage of the multilevel pulse switching voltage regulator circuit comprises the steps of:
s1: the primary side current sampling circuit samples current of a branch where the output capacitor C2 is located, the secondary side current sampling circuit samples current of a branch where the filter capacitor C5 is located, and the secondary side voltage sampling circuit samples voltage of two ends of a second resistor R2;
s2: primary side current sampling signal transmits to control module, and secondary side current sampling signal, voltage sampling signal transmit to control module through wireless communication module, and control module sums three kinds of sampling signal according to certain proportionality coefficient, obtains control variable a, promptly:
a=uo+αic1+βic2
wherein u isoFor the system secondary side voltage sampling signal, ic1Is a primary side current sampling signal ic2The signal is a secondary side current sampling signal, and both alpha and beta are proportionality coefficients;
s3: the control module controls the variable a and the output voltage reference value VrefAnd comparing to determine the frequency and duty ratio of the pulse control signal:
when a is equal to (0, 0.7V)ref]When the pulse is started, sending a pulse 1, wherein the frequency of a pulse control signal is 50kHz, and the duty ratio is 0.7;
when a is epsilon (0.7V)ref,Vref]When the pulse is detected, sending a pulse 2, wherein the frequency of a pulse control signal is 30kHz, and the duty ratio is 0.6;
when a is an e (V)ref,1.3Vref]Then, sending a pulse 3, wherein the frequency of a pulse control signal is 30kHz, and the duty ratio is 0.4;
when a is epsilon (1.3V)refAnd + ∞) of the pulse signal, pulse 4 is transmitted, the frequency of the pulse control signal is 50kHz, and the duty ratio is 0.3.
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