CN113162093A - Active commutation type current source converter fundamental frequency control strategy applied to high-voltage direct-current power transmission - Google Patents
Active commutation type current source converter fundamental frequency control strategy applied to high-voltage direct-current power transmission Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention provides a fundamental frequency control strategy for HVDC (high voltage direct Current) by using an active phase change type Current Source Converter (CSC), which comprises a fundamental frequency independent control strategy and a fundamental frequency coordination control strategy. The control quantity of the fundamental frequency independent control strategy is direct current or direct voltage, and a trigger angle is obtained after a measured value and a reference value of the control quantity pass through a PI link and an amplitude limiting link and is used for generating trigger pulses. The fundamental frequency coordination control strategy divides the converter stations at two ends into a main station and a sub-station, active and reactive decoupling control of the main station can be realized through coordination control, the control input quantity of the main station is active power and reactive power, and a main station trigger angle and a sub-station direct current reference value are respectively obtained after passing through an outer ring power controller and an inner ring current controller. Compared with the CSC adopting medium-high frequency pulse width modulation, the technical scheme provided by the invention can effectively reduce the direct-current voltage fluctuation, reduce the switching loss and enlarge the active and reactive operation ranges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current transmission, in particular to a fundamental frequency control strategy of an active phase-change current source converter for HVDC.
Background
High Voltage direct current transmission is widely used for long-distance large-capacity transmission due to unbalanced spatial distribution of energy and power load, and currently, two types of HVDC converters applied in engineering are a Line-commutated Converter (LCC) and a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The LCC has the advantages of low construction cost, low running loss and the like, but because the adopted device is a thyristor, the risk of phase commutation failure exists; secondly, the LCC also needs a large number of filters and reactive compensation equipment, and the occupied area is large; in addition, LCCs are not able to power passive systems. These problems have limited the use of LCCs. The VSC adopts a full-control switching device, the operation performance is greatly improved, but a plurality of problems exist, for example, the direct-current side fault is difficult to clear, and a large number of capacitor devices make the converter bulky, the cost and the cost higher and the like.
The active commutation type Current Source Converter (CSC) based on the full-control device combines the advantages of LCC and VSC, has no commutation failure problem, does not need large-area reactive compensation equipment and energy storage capacitor, only needs smaller alternating Current filter capacitor and filter inductor, has low manufacturing cost and small occupied area, and can supply power to a passive system, thereby having very wide application prospect.
The control strategy widely adopted by the CSC at present is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), but the application of the PWM-CSC to HVDC has many problems. For example, the direct-current voltage of the CSC fluctuates sharply and the harmonics are complex and difficult to filter completely, and cannot meet the requirement of long-distance direct-current transmission; in addition, the PWM-CSC has higher switching frequency, so that the loss is large, and the difficulty is brought to the voltage sharing of series devices; and due to the limit of the PWM modulation ratio, the active and reactive operating ranges of the alternating current system are smaller. Therefore CSC control strategies applied in HVDC are in urgent need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of large direct-current voltage fluctuation, high switching loss, small active and reactive operation range and the like of the PWM-CSC for HVDC, the invention provides a CSC-based fundamental frequency control method, which comprises fundamental frequency independent control and fundamental frequency coordinated control. The CSC is characterized in that PWM modulation is not used any more, but fundamental frequency modulation is adopted, each switch is only switched on and off once in one period, each bridge arm switch device is triggered at equal intervals, and the switch devices are actively switched off after being switched on for 120-degree electrical angles.
The topology of the main station converter applicable to the control strategy is n CSCs with 6 pulsation CSCs in cascade connection, wherein n is more than or equal to 1. Here, n is 2, that is, 12-pulse CSC is taken as an example. The 12-pulse CSC is formed by connecting two 6-pulse current converters in series at a direct current side and in parallel at an alternating current side, and is respectively a high valve group CSC1 and a low valve group CSC 2; each bridge arm of the high-low valve group consists of a plurality of full-control switch devices which are connected in series, and can be a reverse resistance type IGBT/IGCT or a reverse conduction type IGBT/IGCT which is connected with a diode in series; the alternating current outlet side of the CSC1 bridge arm is connected with a star-connected three-phase capacitor C1 in parallel, and then is connected with a star-connected transformer T1 through a series three-phase reactor L1 to be connected with an alternating current power grid; the alternating current outlet side of the CSC2 bridge arm is connected in parallel with a star-connected three-phase capacitor C2, and then is connected with a star-connected transformer T2 through a three-phase reactor L2 and is connected to an alternating current power grid.
Because the fundamental frequency modulation reduces the degree of freedom of control, fundamental frequency independent control can only control a single electrical quantity, such as direct current voltage and direct current, but cannot perform decoupling control on PQ.
DC voltage U at rectifying sidedc1Can be obtained by the following formula:
by the same token, the DC voltage U at the inversion side can be obtaineddc2Comprises the following steps:
direct current IdcComprises the following steps:
wherein N is1、N2The number of 6 pulsating converters in each pole of the rectifying station and the inverter station is usually 2; u shape1、U2The effective value of the no-load line voltage at the valve side of the converter transformer of the rectifier station and the inverter station is obtained; alpha and beta are respectively a delay trigger angle and an advance trigger angle, and beta is pi-alpha; r is a direct current line resistor.
The fundamental frequency independent control strategy can be designed according to the expressions (1) to (3). The constant direct current voltage controller can be designed as follows: subtracting the direct current voltage measured value from the reference value, and obtaining a trigger angle through a PI link and an amplitude limiting link for generating a trigger pulse of a switching device; the constant-current controller can be designed as follows: and subtracting the reference value from the direct current measured value, and obtaining a trigger angle through a PI link and an amplitude limiting link for generating trigger pulse of the switching device.
The fundamental frequency coordination control is to coordinate a rectification station and an inversion station of a system at two ends of the HVDC to jointly control the active power and the reactive power of a main station, so that PQ decoupling control is realized.
According to kirchhoff's law, formula (4) can be given:
wherein h (l) is a high (low) valve set; j is a phase unit (j ═ a, b, c); i is0hjJ alternating current at the outlet of the high valve bank; i ischjThe high valve bank flows through the alternating current of j-phase capacitance; i ishjIs j alternating current after the high valve group is filtered by a capacitor; i isphjJ alternating current flowing through the primary side of the transformer by the high valve group; i ispjIs the j alternating current flowing into the alternating current system; u shapechjIs the high valve bank j-phase capacitance voltage; u shapepjIs the ac bus j phase voltage; c is the filter capacitor, and L is the sum of the filter inductor and the leakage inductor of the transformer.
When the triggering angle is alpha, the current I at the outlet of the high valve group0hjComprises the following steps:
according to the relation of the high-low valve group, the following can be obtained:
from the formulas (4) to (6), the current I flowing into the AC system can be obtainedpj：
Ipj＝-2AIdccosα+j·2(AIdcsinα-B) (7)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Upmis the ac bus phase voltage magnitude.
Then according to the power instantaneous power theory, the active power and the reactive power can be obtained:
therefore, a fundamental frequency coordination control strategy can be designed according to the formula (8), and PQ decoupling control is realized. The PQ decoupling control is divided into outer loop control and inner loop control. Outer ring controlThe system input being an active power measurement PmWith reference value PrefMeasured value of reactive power QmWith reference value QrefRespectively obtaining a dq axis alternating current reference value i through a difference link and a PI linkdrefAnd iqref(ii) a The inner loop control input is a d-axis alternating current measured value idmAnd a reference value idrefQ-axis AC current measurement iqmAnd a reference value iqrefAnd respectively obtaining a main station trigger angle and a substation direct current control reference value through calculation through a difference link and a PI link.
The invention has the advantages that on the premise of ensuring that the alternating current harmonic characteristic meets the requirement, the direct current voltage fluctuation of the CSC can be effectively reduced, the switching loss is reduced, the PQ decoupling control can be realized by coordinating the control strategy, and the PQ operation interval is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a 12-pulse CSC topology provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the fundamental frequency independent control strategy provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a fundamental frequency coordination control strategy provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Fig. 1 is a 12-ripple CSC topology structure diagram, and a 12-ripple converter is taken as an example for explanation here, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The 12-pulse CSC is formed by connecting two 6-pulse current converters in series at a direct current side and in parallel at an alternating current side, and is respectively a high valve group CSC1 and a low valve group CSC 2; each bridge arm of the high-low valve group consists of a plurality of full-control switch devices which are connected in series, and can be a reverse resistance type IGBT/IGCT or a reverse conduction type IGBT/IGCT which is connected with a diode in series; the alternating current outlet side of the CSC1 bridge arm is connected with a star-connected three-phase capacitor C1 in parallel, and then is connected with a star-connected transformer T1 through a series three-phase reactor L1 to be connected with an alternating current power grid; the alternating current outlet side of the CSC2 bridge arm is connected with a star-connected three-phase capacitor C2 in parallel, and then is connected with a star-connected transformer T2 through a three-phase reactor L2 and is connected to an alternating current power grid; the phase difference of the transformers of the high-low valve group is 30 degrees.
1) Fundamental frequency independent control strategy
Fundamental frequency control means that each switching device is turned on and off only once in one cycle. The fundamental frequency independent control strategy can be designed by equations (1) - (3), as shown in fig. 2. The direct-current voltage controller is as follows: subtracting the direct current voltage measured value from the reference value, and obtaining a trigger angle through a PI link and an amplitude limiting link for generating a trigger pulse of a switching device; the DC controller is as follows: and subtracting the reference value from the direct current measured value, and obtaining a trigger angle through a PI link and an amplitude limiting link for generating trigger pulse of the switching device.
Because the full-control device is adopted, the switching device can be actively turned off, the theoretical range of the trigger angle can be-180 degrees, and the same direct-current voltage or direct current can be realized through formulas (1) to (3), the trigger angle has two values which are symmetrical in positive and negative, and the selection of the two trigger angles does not influence the magnitude of active power but influences the reactive power transmission direction. Therefore, the operation interval of the trigger angle can be limited through the amplitude limiting link, so that the reactive transmission direction can be selected, and the selection is provided for the alternating current system and is beneficial to the alternating current system.
2) Fundamental frequency coordination control strategy
The fundamental frequency independent control strategy only has one control degree of freedom of a trigger angle, and active and reactive decoupling control cannot be realized. And the base frequency coordination control divides the converter stations at two ends of the HVDC into a main station and a sub-station, and realizes PQ decoupling control of the main station through the coordination control of the main station and the sub-station.
To simplify the design of the outer and inner loop controllers, the following variables are substituted. Order:
the formula (9) may be substituted for the formula (7):
wherein ipd、ipqAre respectively ipjD, q-axis components of (1).
The inner loop controller can be designed according to equations (9) and (10), and the outer loop controller can be designed according to equation (8). The outer and inner ring controllers are shown in fig. 3. The PQ decoupling control is divided into outer loop control and inner loop control. The outer loop control input is the active power measurement PmWith reference value PrefMeasured value of reactive power QmWith reference value QrefRespectively obtaining a dq axis alternating current reference value i through a difference link and a PI linkdrefAnd iqref(ii) a The inner loop control input is a d-axis alternating current measured value idmAnd a reference value idrefQ-axis AC current measurement iqmAnd a reference value iqrefAnd respectively obtaining the trigger angle of the main station and the direct current control reference value of the substation through a difference link and a PI link and calculation of a formula (9). The main station trigger angle is used for triggering the main station converter valve, and the substation direct current reference value is used for realizing constant direct current control on the substation.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications or equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments, and such modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A fundamental frequency independent control strategy suitable for CSC is characterized in that the phase locking is carried out on alternating current bus voltage, a trigger angle output by a controller is compared with the output of a phase-locked loop to obtain an opening signal of each bridge arm switch, and after the switch is conducted by 120 degrees of electrical angle, a full-control switch device is actively turned off.
2. The fundamental frequency independent control strategy according to claim 1, comprising constant direct current control and constant direct current voltage control, wherein the input of each control is a reference value and a measured value of a control quantity, and after passing through a PI control link and an amplitude limiting link, a trigger angle is output, so that a trigger pulse is generated.
3. The fundamental frequency independent control strategy according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized in that the adopted switching device is a full-control device, the operating range of the trigger angle is larger, and the amplitude limiting link can select the range of the trigger angle, so that the direction of the reactive power is changed.
4. A fundamental frequency coordination control strategy suitable for a CSC is characterized in that for HVDC systems at two ends, converter stations at two ends are respectively set as a main converter station and a sub-converter station, and active and reactive decoupling control of the main converter station can be realized through coordination control of the two converter stations.
5. The cooperative control strategy according to claim 4, wherein the cooperative control strategy of the master station comprises an outer-loop controller and an inner-loop controller, and the output quantity controlled by the master station is the trigger angle of the master station and the DC current control reference value of the substation.
6. The coordinated control strategy of claim 4 and 5, wherein the outer loop controller is used for calculating the dq axis reference value of the output current of the inner loop current controller according to the reference values of active and reactive power or direct current voltage and the like.
7. The coordination control strategy according to claim 4 and 5, characterized in that the inner loop controller is used for enabling the dq-axis current to quickly track the reference value of the direct current reference value of the substation by adjusting the trigger angle of the main station.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113381629A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-09-10 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Current source type controllable direct current source ice melting circuit and device |
| CN114362184A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-15 | 华北电力大学 | Fundamental frequency coordination control strategy for current source converter type frequency conversion station for low-frequency transmission of offshore wind power |
| CN115663876A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-31 | 国网经济技术研究院有限公司 | Method and system for designing main loop parameters of hybrid cascade extra-high voltage direct current system |
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| CN106160023A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-11-23 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of Hybrid HVDC receiving end weak mains frequency cooperative control method |
| CN106208126A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-12-07 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | A kind of control method for coordinating improving mixed DC system commutation failure defensive ability/resistance ability |
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| CN103219733A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-24 | 辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Scattered power generation reactive compensation device and method with harmonic suppression function |
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| CN113381629A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-09-10 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Current source type controllable direct current source ice melting circuit and device |
| CN114362184A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-15 | 华北电力大学 | Fundamental frequency coordination control strategy for current source converter type frequency conversion station for low-frequency transmission of offshore wind power |
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Effective date of registration: 20231221 Address after: 102206 No. 2 Huilongguan Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing Applicant after: NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER University Applicant after: HUANENG RUDONG BAXIANJIAO OFFSHORE WIND POWER CO.,LTD. Applicant after: HUANENG CLEAN ENERGY Research Institute Applicant after: Huaneng Group R&D Center Co., Ltd. Address before: 102206 No. 2 Huilongguan Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing Applicant before: NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER University Applicant before: HUANENG CLEAN ENERGY Research Institute Applicant before: Huaneng Group R&D Center Co., Ltd. |