CN113158398A - Method for setting ambient color temperature of illumination light in middle section of extra-long tunnel based on driving safety and comfort - Google Patents
Method for setting ambient color temperature of illumination light in middle section of extra-long tunnel based on driving safety and comfort Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for setting ambient color temperature of illumination light in a middle section of an extra-long tunnel based on driving safety and comfort belongs to the technical field of highway tunnel illumination. The invention provides a method for setting the ambient color temperature of the illumination light in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel, which meets the requirements of a driver on the color temperature when the driver drives in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel and is used for researching the requirements of the driver on the color temperature according to the influence of the natural circadian rhythm and the color temperature of the human body on the visual effect of human eyes and the non-visual photobiological effect. The setting method of the invention fully exerts the efficacy of the LED light source and meets the requirements of drivers on safe and comfortable driving in the extra-long tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for setting color temperature of an illumination light environment in a middle section of a highway extra-long tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of highway tunnel illumination.
Background
The LED light source has the advantages of short response time, high energy efficiency, adjustable color temperature and the like, and can realize the simulation of natural light, so the LED light source is more and more applied to the illumination of the road tunnel. However, the characteristic color temperature of the illumination light source in the middle section of the extra-long highway tunnel at the present stage has no relevant standard basis and comprehensive theory and technology of the system, and the selected color temperature is a constant value which is different in the range of 3000-. The color temperature setting mode has the technical defects that driving fatigue is easy to generate at low night when the color temperature is selected, glare is generated when the color temperature is selected to be high, the optimal lighting effect of the LED light source is difficult to exert, and the like.
Foreign researchers found that the blue light component in visible light can change the physiological rhythm of human body, regulate alertness and biological clock, and refer to this light effect as non-visual photobiological effect. The proportion of blue light in visible light can be expressed as the color temperature, so the color temperature of the luminous environment is a factor influencing the physiological rhythm of a human body and influencing the non-visual photobiological effect. Relevant researchers found that color temperature in the intermediate vision environment of the tunnel middle section can affect the light color sensitivity of human eyes and the recognition capability of details and colors of target objects, thereby affecting the visual efficacy of human eyes. The research of choosing for use to highway tunnel colour temperature at home and abroad lacks the consideration to human circadian rhythm change, daytime, setting up of night colour temperature is same definite value, will influence efficiency and the driving comfort of seeing under the tunnel interlude environment. Under the prerequisite that satisfies the illumination brightness demand, for the security that improves the driving of extra-long tunnel interlude, the travelling comfort of guarantee driving carries out reasonable setting to the colour temperature, and the efficiency of full play LED light source needs to seek a reasonable colour temperature setting method of all-weather illumination light environment of extra-long tunnel interlude.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide the requirements of drivers in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel on the color temperature under different time periods in the day and at night.
1. The color temperature demand of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel in daytime is as follows: and analyzing the influence of different color temperature levels on the visual recognition distance and the psychology of the driver according to the same brightness and color rendering index.
By adopting a qualitative and quantitative method, the psychology indexes of the driver under the environment of natural light are collected outdoors, the psychology indexes of the driver under the running speed of 80km/h and the visual recognition distance parameters reaching the same visual recognition effect are collected indoors by adjusting different color temperature levels, the influence degree of different color temperatures on the psychology and the visual recognition distance of the driver is researched, and the safe and comfortable color temperature requirements of the driver in the daytime period are determined, wherein the visual recognition table is shown in table 1. Adjusting color temperature indexes by adopting an LED tunnel lamp and a controller to build different color temperature environments in the middle section of the tunnel; adopting a KF2 type psychology detector to collect psychology indexes of a driver in real time; measuring the visual recognition distance of a driver by using a measuring tape; indexes such as environment illumination, color temperature and the like are collected in real time by adopting an illuminometer, so that the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule of the driving heart rate of the driver under the action of different color temperatures relative to the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule under the outdoor natural light environment are obtained, and the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
TABLE 1 visual recognition level grading situation table
The experiment simulates the middle section environment of a super-long tunnel, and 12 healthy passenger car drivers with eyes corrected to be more than 4.9 are randomly selected. As the color temperature of the light source in the middle section of the tunnel is increased, the light color is changed from yellow light to white light. When the color temperature of the indoor light source is 6500K, the light color of the light source is closest to the light color environment of an outdoor natural light source (the color temperature 6453K), and the influence of the brightness difference between the indoor and the outdoor of a driver on the vision is relieved under a certain driving task, so that the heart rate change rate is reduced; when the color temperature of the indoor light source is 4500K, the change rate of the heart rate of the driver is remarkably reduced and is at the lowest level, namely the heart rate index of the driver is closest to the outdoor state, and the driver feels most comfortable.
When the color temperature of the light source is increased and the light color is changed from yellow light to white light, the distance for the driver to visually recognize that the target object reaches 'normal clear' is in a decreasing trend when the ambient brightness level is lower, and the distances are both larger than the parking visual distance 110 m. The driver has a large visual recognition distance to the target object under two groups of light sources of low color temperature 3500K and 4000K, and the visual effect is good. When the ambient brightness level is low, the contrast ratio between the achromatic target object and the background environment color in different light color environments is different, and the color difference between the target object and the background environment can increase the visual acuity of the driver on the target object. Therefore, under the conditions of certain brightness and color rendering index, the light-color contrast between the visual target object and the background environment is increased by adopting the white light source with the low color temperature of 3500K and 4000K yellow light sources and the higher color temperature of the tunnel in the daytime, the visual acuity of the driver for viewing the visual target object is increased to a certain extent, the visual efficacy of the driver for viewing is improved, and the visual perception of the driver for the target object is facilitated. Therefore, the color temperature of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel in the daytime (07:00-21:00) considering driving safety and comfort is selected to be 4500K.
2. The color temperature demand at night of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel is as follows: and analyzing the influence of different color temperature levels on the visual recognition distance and the psychology of the driver according to the same brightness and color rendering index.
The experiment adopts the method and the collection indexes to perform the experiment in the same day, the collection time period is night (after 21:00), and the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule of the driving heart rate of the driver under the action of different color temperatures relative to the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule under the outdoor natural light environment are obtained, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The experiment simulates the middle section environment of an extra-long tunnel, and under the condition of a certain color rendering index, the brightness of the luminous environment is 1.5 and 3.5cd/m2When the color temperature of the light source is increased, the light color is changed from yellow light to white light, and the change rate of the visual heart rate starts to be remarkably reduced when the color temperature is 5500K; when the color temperature is increased to 6000K, the change rate of the visual heart rate is not changed greatly and is at a low level; when the luminous ambient brightness is 2.5cd/m2When the color temperature is increased to 6000K, the change rate of the heart rate of the driver starts to obviously decrease; when the color temperature continues to increase to 6500K, it begins to appearThe glare phenomenon causes the heart rate to fluctuate and increase because it is difficult for the driver to visually recognize the target object. When the color temperature is in a higher 5500K-6000K level, the color temperature has an inhibiting effect on the generation of human melatonin, the visual fatigue of a driver under a low brightness level for a long time is relieved, the heart rate index of the driver is closest to the outdoor state under a certain driving task, and the driver feels most comfortable.
The driver visually recognizes that the distance of the target object reaching the 'normal clear' is in a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing, and the distances are all larger than the parking visual distance 110 m. The driver has a large visual recognition distance to the target object under the two groups of light sources with the color temperatures of 3500K and 6500K, and the visual effect is good. When the ambient brightness level is low at night, under the condition of certain brightness and color rendering index, the low color temperature 3500K yellow light source increases the light-color contrast between the visual target object and the background environment, increases the visual acuity of the visual target object of the driver to a certain extent, and improves the visual efficacy of the visual driver; when the night is seen in a low-brightness environment for a long time, 6500K at high color temperature has the effect of inhibiting the generation of human melatonin, relieving fatigue and enabling people to be awake, and meanwhile, the scattering of light is strong at high color temperature, so that a driver can have the subjective feelings of 'transparency' and 'spaciousness', and the driver can see a target object at a far distance. Therefore, under the conditions of certain brightness and color rendering index, the middle section of the tunnel at night adopts low color temperature of 3500K or high color temperature of 6500K to achieve better visual effect. Therefore, the color temperature of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel in the night period (21:00-07:00) considering driving safety and comfort is selected to be 6000K.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the heart rate change rate of the indoor light environment in daytime.
Fig. 3 shows the viewing distance at different color temperatures during the day.
Fig. 4 shows the change rate of the heart rate in the indoor light environment at night.
Fig. 5 shows the viewing distance at different color temperatures at night.
Detailed Description
The setting method of the present invention is further explained below with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings:
1. the color temperature demand of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel in daytime is as follows: and analyzing the influence of different color temperature levels on the visual recognition distance and the psychology of the driver according to the same brightness and color rendering index.
By adopting a qualitative and quantitative method, the psychology indexes of the driver under the environment of natural light are collected outdoors, the psychology indexes of the driver under the running speed of 80km/h and the visual recognition distance parameters reaching the same visual recognition effect are collected indoors by adjusting different color temperature levels, the influence degree of different color temperatures on the psychology and the visual recognition distance of the driver is researched, and the safe and comfortable color temperature requirements of the driver in the daytime period are determined, wherein the visual recognition table is shown in table 1. Adjusting color temperature indexes by adopting an LED tunnel lamp and a controller to build different color temperature environments in the middle section of the tunnel; adopting a KF2 type psychology detector to collect psychology indexes of a driver in real time; measuring the visual recognition distance of a driver by using a measuring tape; indexes such as environment illumination, color temperature and the like are collected in real time by adopting an illuminometer, so that the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule of the driving heart rate of the driver under the action of different color temperatures relative to the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule under the outdoor natural light environment are obtained, and the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
The experiment simulates the middle section environment of a special tunnel, a passenger car driver is selected, 12 drivers are recruited randomly, the eyesight of the driver for correction is more than 4.9, the achromatopsia and the like eye diseases are not generated, the physical condition is good (no hypertension, heart diseases and the like), and the mental state is good (good rest, normal reaction, no bad conditions such as drinking/medication and the like in the experimental period). The environment with different color temperatures of the light source is built indoors, as shown in table 2, the test steps are as follows:
TABLE 2 orthogonal experimental parameter table for color temperature and brightness of LED light source
Firstly, installing a light source in an indoor experimental environment during experiment, uniformly debugging a light color environment, adjusting the light source to preset brightness and color temperature levels and recording;
wearing a KF2 type psychology detector for the tested driver, determining the positions of an outdoor driver and a target object, visually recognizing the target object at the parking sight distance of 110m and standing for 3 minutes by the driver, measuring and recording the heart rate, the heart electricity level and the color temperature level of the driver in the natural light environment in the daytime, and recording the heart rate, the heart electricity level and the color temperature level;
and thirdly, determining the positions of the driver and the target object indoors. Because the sight distance is 11.5m when the psychological indexes are collected indoors, and the running speed of 80km/h corresponds to the parking sight distance of 110m, the size (20cm) of a target object and the eye height (1.2m) of a tested person are converted according to the same proportion and then are adjusted to be 2.1cm of the target object and 12.5cm of the eye height, a worker shields the scene in front of the tested driver by using black cloth, and a small gray target object is placed on a black frame built in a test room;
fourthly, the worker puts down the black cloth and records the time for putting down the black cloth, and the tested driver starts to visually recognize the target object and stays still for 3 minutes;
fifthly, shielding the sight of a driver by using black cloth, adjusting the color temperature level in the same brightness environment, and repeating the fourth step;
sixthly, adjusting the next group of brightness, and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the same tested driver completes all experiments in all light environments;
seventhly, replacing the next driver, and repeating the step from-12 drivers to finish the collection of the visual and cognitive psychological indexes under all luminous environments;
and (v) visual recognition distance experiment. The staff helps the tested driver to be familiar with the visual recognition table such as table 1, and simultaneously the staff shields the scene in front of the tested driver by using black cloth and randomly places the visual recognition target object with the adjusted size;
and ninthly, putting down the black cloth by the working personnel, and sequentially starting to perform target object visual recognition by the 12 tested drivers. The tested driver moves the position back and forth until the visual recognition of the target object reaches the 'general clear' level, and the staff records the visual recognition distance at the moment;
in the environment with the same brightness in the red, the color temperature level is adjusted, and the step ninthly is repeated until all color temperature environments are visually recognized;
Under certain brightness and color rendering index conditions, the light color changes from yellow light to white light along with the increase of the color temperature of the light source in the middle section of the tunnel. When the color temperature of the indoor light source is 6500K, the light color of the light source is closest to the light color environment of an outdoor natural light source (the color temperature 6453K), and the influence of the brightness difference between the indoor and the outdoor of a driver on the vision is relieved under a certain driving task, so that the heart rate change rate is reduced; when the color temperature of the indoor light source is 4500K, the change rate of the heart rate of the driver is remarkably reduced and is at the lowest level, namely the heart rate index of the driver is closest to the outdoor state, and the driver feels most comfortable.
Under certain brightness and color rendering index conditions, as the color temperature of the light source increases, the light color changes from yellow light to white light, and the distance for the driver to visually recognize that the target object reaches 'normal clear' is in a decreasing trend and is larger than the parking visual distance 110 m. The driver has a large visual recognition distance to the target object under two groups of light sources of low color temperature 3500K and 4000K, and the visual effect is good. When the ambient brightness level is low, the contrast ratio between the achromatic target object and the background environment color in different light color environments is different, and the color difference between the target object and the background environment can increase the visual acuity of the driver on the target object. Therefore, under the conditions of certain brightness and color rendering index, the light-color contrast between the visual target object and the background environment is increased by adopting the white light source with the low color temperature of 3500K and 4000K yellow light sources and the higher color temperature of the tunnel in the daytime, the visual acuity of the driver for viewing the visual target object is increased to a certain extent, the visual efficacy of the driver for viewing is improved, and the visual perception of the driver for the target object is facilitated.
Therefore, the color temperature of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel in the daytime (07:00-21:00) considering driving safety and comfort is selected to be 4500K.
2. The color temperature demand at night of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel is as follows: and analyzing the influence of different color temperature levels on the visual recognition distance and the psychology of the driver according to the same brightness and color rendering index.
The experiment adopts the method, the steps and the collection indexes, and the experiment is carried out in the same day, the collection time period is night (after 21:00), and the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule of the driving heart rate of the driver under the action of different color temperatures relative to the heart rate under the outdoor natural light environment are obtained, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Under the condition of a certain color rendering index, when the luminous environment brightness is 1.5 and 3.5cd/m2When the color temperature of the light source is increased, the light color is changed from yellow light to white light, and the change rate of the visual heart rate starts to be remarkably reduced when the color temperature is 5500K; when the color temperature is increased to 6000K, the change rate of the visual heart rate is not changed greatly and is at a low level; when the luminous ambient brightness is 2.5cd/m2When the color temperature is increased to 6000K, the change rate of the heart rate of the driver starts to obviously decrease; when the color temperature continues to increase to 6500K, a glare phenomenon starts to occur, and the heart rate starts to fluctuate and increase due to difficulty in visually recognizing the target object by the driver. When the color temperature is in a higher 5500K-6000K level, the color temperature has an inhibiting effect on the generation of human melatonin, the visual fatigue of a driver under a low brightness level for a long time is relieved, the heart rate index of the driver is closest to the outdoor state under a certain driving task, and the driver feels most comfortable.
The driver visually recognizes that the distance of the target object reaching the 'normal clear' is in a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing, and the distances are all larger than the parking visual distance 110 m. The driver has a large visual recognition distance to the target object under the two groups of light sources with the color temperatures of 3500K and 6500K, and the visual effect is good. When the ambient brightness level is low at night, under the condition of certain brightness and color rendering index, the low color temperature 3500K yellow light source increases the light-color contrast between the visual target object and the background environment, increases the visual acuity of the visual target object of the driver to a certain extent, and improves the visual efficacy of the visual driver; when the night is seen in a low-brightness environment for a long time, 6500K at high color temperature has the effect of inhibiting the generation of human melatonin, relieving fatigue and enabling people to be awake, and meanwhile, the scattering of light is strong at high color temperature, so that a driver can have the subjective feelings of 'transparency' and 'spaciousness', and the driver can see a target object at a far distance. Therefore, under the conditions of certain brightness and color rendering index, the middle section of the tunnel at night adopts low color temperature of 3500K or high color temperature of 6500K to achieve better visual effect.
Therefore, the color temperature of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel in the night period (21:00-07:00) considering driving safety and comfort is selected to be 6000K.
The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the setting methods, and is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with a specific tunnel design speed. Any modification, replacement or change made to the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims is included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for setting the ambient color temperature of the illumination light in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel based on driving safety and comfort is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of determining the light environment color temperature characteristic requirements of a driver considering visual efficacy and non-visual photo-biological effect under different human body biological rhythm changes in the day and at night, and determining the setting of the color temperature.
2. The ambient color temperature setting method for the lighting light in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel based on the driving safety comfort as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the color temperature of the middle section of the extra-long tunnel is set to 4500K according to the requirements of safety and comfort in a 07:00-21:00 light environment;
the color temperature of 21:00-07:00 light environment in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel is set to 6000K.
3. The ambient color temperature setting method for the lighting light in the middle section of the extra-long tunnel based on the driving safety comfort as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the method comprises the steps of collecting psychological indexes of a driver outdoors in a natural light environment by adopting a qualitative and quantitative method, collecting psychological indexes of the driver with different color temperatures and visual recognition distance parameters reaching the same visual recognition effect indoors by adjusting different color temperature levels at a running speed of 80km/h, researching the influence degree of the different color temperatures on the psychological and visual recognition distances of the driver, determining the safe and comfortable color temperature requirement of the driver in a daytime period, adjusting the color temperature indexes by adopting an LED tunnel lamp and a controller, and constructing different color temperature environments in the middle section of the tunnel; adopting a KF2 type psychology detector to collect psychology indexes of a driver in real time; measuring the visual recognition distance of a driver by using a measuring tape; and acquiring ambient illumination and color temperature in real time by using an illuminometer to obtain the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index change rule of the driving heart rate of the driver under the action of different color temperatures relative to the heart rate change rate and the visual recognition distance index under the outdoor natural light environment.
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