CN113156520A - Non-planar wave identification method and system for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding - Google Patents
Non-planar wave identification method and system for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-planar wave identification method and a system for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding, wherein the method comprises the following steps: forward modeling is carried out on a two-layer model and a four-layer model in the uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observed data; comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency; and identifying the non-plane wave according to the relation of the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction of the non-plane wave. The invention can correctly identify the transition region and the near region for dividing the non-planar waves to obtain the correct inversion result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geophysical electromagnetic detection, in particular to a non-planar wave identification method and a non-planar wave identification system for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding.
Background
The Controllable Source Audio Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) method is an artificial source frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method, and features that the artificial field source is used to increase the electromagnetic signal strength, so making up the weak natural field source signal and difficult observation. Due to the fact that field construction of the CSAMT method is limited by the power of a transmitter, the emission output current of the CSAMT method is insufficient, the field intensity observed in a far zone is necessarily limited by plane waves, transition zone and near zone data of non-plane waves are often observed during CSAMT measurement, if the transition zone and near zone data are not known, two-dimensional or three-dimensional software inversion using ground electromagnetic sounding can cause large pieces of high resistance to be generated in an inversion result in a deep part, and a high-resistance rock mass in the deep part can be wrongly interpreted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a non-planar wave identification method and system for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding, so that the divided non-planar waves can be accurately identified and the accurate inversion result can be obtained.
The invention discloses a non-planar wave identification method for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding, which comprises the following steps:
forward modeling is carried out on a two-layer model and a four-layer model in the uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observed data;
comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency;
and identifying the non-plane wave according to the relation of the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction of the non-plane wave.
Preferably, the CSAMT observed data comprises: apparent resistivity and phase.
Preferably, determining the reaction of the CSAMT observed data curve corresponding to each model to the shallow formation, and further determining the change form of the observed data with frequency comprises:
and for each of the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model, when the phase of a high frequency is a preset angle, determining that the angle is a reaction to the shallow stratum, and when the apparent resistivity of the low frequency is reduced along with the frequency to present an ascending form and the phase accompanying the ascending form is presented a descending form until the phase is close to zero, determining that the change forms of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are non-planar wave reactions by the characteristics.
Preferably, the preset angle is 45 °.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a non-planar wave recognition system for electromagnetic sounding with controllable source audio-frequency earth, comprising: a controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounder and a central processing unit;
the controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding device comprises: the receiving system receives a feedback horizontal electric field signal Ex and a horizontal magnetic field signal Hy intersected with a receiving electric field through two non-polarized electrodes M pole and N pole; calculating apparent resistivity and phase from the observed electric field signal and magnetic field signal; the first grounded emitter electrode A and the second grounded emitter electrode B emit electromagnetic signals, the receiving system receives feedback signals through the first grounded measuring electrode M and the second grounded measuring electrode N,
the central processing unit includes:
the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling on the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observation data;
the comparison module is used for comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency;
and the identification module is used for identifying the non-planar waves according to the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction relation of the non-planar waves.
Preferably, the comparing module determines a reaction of the CSAMT observed data curve corresponding to each model to the shallow formation, and further determining a change form of the observed data with frequency includes:
and for each of the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model, when the phase of a high frequency is a preset angle, determining that the angle is a reaction to the shallow stratum, and when the apparent resistivity of the low frequency is reduced along with the frequency to present an ascending form and the phase accompanying the ascending form is presented a descending form until the phase is close to zero, determining that the change forms of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are non-planar wave reactions by the characteristics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
first, the present invention can perform a method for identifying a non-plane wave by using a morphological change of an impedance phase curve of CSAMT.
The data observed by the CSAMT comprises apparent resistivity and phase, the apparent resistivity and the phase are obtained through forward modeling of a two-layer model and a four-layer model in a uniform half-space model, the phase of the CSAMT phase curves is 45 degrees in comparison with the MT phase curves, the phase is basically a reaction to a shallow stratum, the apparent resistivity of low frequency is in an ascending form along with the reduction of the frequency, the phase accompanied with the ascending form is in a descending form, and the phenomenon is basically a non-plane wave reaction until the apparent resistivity is basically close to zero. The data of the non-plane wave is judged in a curve form of the apparent resistivity, and the sounding data of the deep high-resistance area is possibly mistaken as the data of the non-plane wave.
The invention provides a non-planar wave data identification method of CSAMT through forward simulation comparison so as to correctly identify and divide non-planar waves, and correct inversion results can be obtained by two-dimensional or three-dimensional software for magnetotelluric depth measurement in the earth where the divided non-planar wave data are properly removed.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying non-planar waves for electromagnetic sounding of a controllable source audio ground according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounder according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a non-planar wave identification system for controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are graphs of CSAMT and MT apparent resistivity and phase, respectively, of a two-layer electrical profile of an embodiment of the present application; the geoelectrical condition is ρ1＝10Ω·m，h1＝100m，ρ2The distances R to the transmission source are 1km, 2km, 4km, 6km, and 8km, which is 100 Ω · m.
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are graphs of CSAMT and MT apparent resistivity and phase, respectively, of a two-layer electrical profile of an embodiment of the present application; the geoelectrical condition is ρ1＝100Ω·m，h1＝200m，ρ2The distances R to the transmission source are 1km, 4km, 8km, 10km, and 20km, respectively.
FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) are graphs of CSAMT and MT apparent resistivity and phase, respectively, of a four-layer electrical profile of an embodiment of the present application; the geoelectrical condition is ρ1＝10Ω·m，h1＝100m，ρ2＝100Ω·m，h2＝100m，ρ3＝5Ω·m，h3＝100m，ρ4The reception distance R to the transmission source is 0.5km, 1km, 2km, 4km, and 8km, which is 100 Ω · m.
FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) are theoretical plots of CSAMT and MT apparent resistivity and phase, respectively, of a four-layer electrical profile according to an embodiment of the present application; the geoelectrical condition is ρ1＝10Ω·m，h1＝100m，ρ2＝100Ω·m，h2＝100m，ρ3＝5Ω.m，h3＝100m，ρ4M, the distance R to the transmission source is 4km, 10km, 25km, 55km, 85 km.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying a non-planar wave of a controllable source audio magnetotelluric depth measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method for identifying a non-planar wave of a controllable source audio magnetotelluric depth measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention may include:
s101, forward modeling is carried out on a two-layer model and a four-layer model in a uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observation data;
s102, comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency;
s103, identifying the non-planar waves according to the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction relation of the non-planar waves.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the CSAMT observed data includes: apparent resistivity and phase.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step S102 of determining a reaction of the CSAMT-observed data curve corresponding to each model to the shallow formation, and further determining a change form of the observed data with frequency includes:
and for each of the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model, when the phase of a high frequency is a preset angle, determining that the angle is a reaction to the shallow stratum, and when the apparent resistivity of the low frequency is reduced along with the frequency to present an ascending form and the phase accompanying the ascending form is presented a descending form until the phase is close to zero, determining that the change forms of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are non-planar wave reactions by the characteristics.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preset angle is 45 degrees.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-planar wave recognition system for electromagnetic sounding with controllable source audio frequency, including: a controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounder and a central processing unit;
the controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding device comprises: the system comprises a transmitting system and a receiving system, wherein the transmitting system transmits electromagnetic signals through a first grounded transmitting electrode A and a second grounded transmitting electrode B, the receiving system receives feedback signals through a first grounded measuring electrode M and a second grounded measuring electrode N, a pair of electrodes (an electrode and a B electrode) transmit alternating currents with different frequencies to underground transmission, and the receiving system receives feedback horizontal electric field signals (Ex) and horizontal magnetic field signals (Hy) intersecting with the receiving electric fields through two non-polarized electrodes (an electrode and an electrode). Apparent resistivity and phase can be calculated from the observed electric and magnetic field signals.
The central processing unit includes:
the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling on the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observation data;
the comparison module is used for comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency;
and the identification module is used for identifying the non-planar waves according to the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction relation of the non-planar waves.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the comparing module determines a reaction of the CSAMT observed data curve corresponding to each model to the shallow formation, and further determines a change form of the observed data along with the frequency, including:
and for each of the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model, when the phase of a high frequency is a preset angle, determining that the angle is a reaction to the shallow stratum, and when the apparent resistivity of the low frequency is reduced along with the frequency to present an ascending form and the phase accompanying the ascending form is presented a descending form until the phase is close to zero, determining that the change forms of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are non-planar wave reactions by the characteristics.
Example one
When the CSAMT method is used in field construction, the transmitting source cannot be placed far away from the receiving point due to the limitation of the transmitter power, generally, the transmitting-receiving distance is 4-6 times of the detection depth, and the maximum transmitting-receiving distance for a 30kw transmitter in actual work is 8-15km, so that the data of non-planar waves can be collected, wherein the data of the non-planar waves comprises data of a transition region and a near region.
Because the distance is limited by the power of a transmitter, the transmission output current of the CSAMT is not enough to be generated to observe in a far zone, the data of a transition zone and a near zone are often observed during CSAMT measurement, and the non-plane wave data must be correctly divided in data processing, so that the removal method can be used for inversion by using MT inversion software.
According to the CSAMT non-plane wave phenomenon, a plurality of two-layer and four-layer simulations are designed to perform forward simulation; secondly, comparing the apparent resistivity and phase curve of the forward modeling with the MT curve of the corresponding model; and finally, obtaining a method for identifying the non-plane wave data.
Giving an electrical model of a two-layer formation from common geological formation characteristics, and FIG. 4 is a D-type two-layer model, ρ1＝10Ω·m，h1＝100m，ρ2The distances R to the transmission source are 1km, 2km, 4km, 6km, and 8km, which is 100 Ω · m. Apparent resistivity and phase curve of the above different transmitting-receiving distances in high frequency bandThe apparent resistivity curve is basically overlapped with the MT curve, the apparent resistivity curve gradually and continuously rises after a low value appears along with the reduction of the frequency, the phase also gradually approaches to 0 degree along with the reverse reduction, and the data of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve which are separated from the MT curve are non-plane wave data.
FIG. 5 is a G-type two-layer model, ρ1＝100Ω·m，h1＝200m，ρ2The distances R to the transmission source are 1km, 4km, 8km, 10km, and 20km, respectively. The apparent resistivity and phase curve of the different transceiving distances are basically overlapped with the MT curve in a high frequency band, the frequency of a low value of the apparent resistivity curve gradually moves to a low frequency along with the increase of the transceiving distances, the apparent resistivity curve gradually rises along with the reduction of the frequency after an extremely low value of the apparent resistivity curve occurs, the phase also reversely falls, the phase curves of the transceiving distances of 1km and 4km approach to 0 degree, other transceiving distances cannot approach to 0 degree because the frequency is not too low, and data of the apparent resistivity and phase curve which is separated from the MT curve are non-planar wave data.
FIG. 6 is a four-layer model, ρ1＝10Ω·m，h1＝100m，ρ2＝100Ω·m，h2＝100m，ρ3＝5Ω·m，h3＝100m，ρ4The distance R from the transmission source is 0.5km, 1km, 2km, 4km, and 8km, which is 100 Ω · m. The apparent resistivity and phase curve of different transmitting and receiving distances is basically overlapped with the MT curve in a high frequency band, the frequency of a low value of the apparent resistivity curve gradually moves to a low frequency along with the increase of the transmitting and receiving distances, the apparent resistivity curve gradually rises along with the reduction of the frequency after an extremely low value of the apparent resistivity curve occurs, the phase also reversely falls along with the frequency, the apparent resistivity and phase curve approaches to 0 degree, and the data of the apparent resistivity and phase curve departing from the MT curve are non-plane wave data.
FIG. 7 is a four-layer model, ρ1＝10Ω·m，h1＝100m，ρ2＝100Ω·m，h2＝100m，ρ3＝5Ω·m，h3＝100m，ρ4The difference from the model of fig. 6 is that the fourth layer has high impedance, and the distances R from the transmission source are 4km, 10km, 25km, 55km, and 85 km. The apparent resistivity and phase curve at the above different transmitting-receiving distances is basically coincident with the MT curve in the high frequency bandThe frequency of the apparent resistivity curve with a low value gradually moves to a low frequency, after the apparent resistivity curve with a low value gradually rises along with the reduction of the frequency, the phase also reversely falls along with the frequency, the frequency approaches to 0 ℃, and the data of the apparent resistivity curve and the data of the phase curve which are separated from the MT curve are non-plane wave data. When the transmitting-receiving distance is larger than 25km, two minimum values can appear on the apparent resistivity, the minimum value at the frequency of 20Hz is a reaction to the 5 omega-m electric layer, the phase curve is in descending but not close to 0, after the low-frequency minimum value appears on the apparent resistivity curve, the apparent resistivity curve is reduced along with the frequency, the apparent resistivity curve is increased, the phase curve is close to 0 degree after the phase curve is reduced and a negative value appears, and the data that the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are separated from the MT curve are all non-plane wave data.
Through comparison of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve simulated by the 4 models, the apparent resistivity can be continuously increased from low frequency, simultaneously, the phase gradually decreases and approaches to 0 degree, and therefore the non-plane wave can be identified through comparing the two curve forms. Compared with the method for judging the near zone only by the rising of the apparent resistivity tail branch, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can form wrong judgment on the model curve of FIG. 7, and the method can be used for correctly identifying the non-plane wave data. Non-planar wave identification may be easier to perform in accordance with the implementations disclosed herein.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A non-planar wave identification method for controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forward modeling is carried out on a two-layer model and a four-layer model in the uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observed data;
comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency;
and identifying the non-plane wave according to the relation of the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction of the non-plane wave.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CSAMT observed data comprises: apparent resistivity and phase.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the response of the CSAMT observed data curve for each model to shallow formations and determining the change in observed data with frequency comprises:
and for each of the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model, when the phase of a high frequency is a preset angle, determining that the angle is a reaction to the shallow stratum, and when the apparent resistivity of the low frequency is reduced along with the frequency to present an ascending form and the phase accompanying the ascending form is presented a descending form until the phase is close to zero, determining that the change forms of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are non-planar wave reactions by the characteristics.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the preset angle is 45 °.
5. A non-planar wave identification system for controlled source audio geodetic electromagnetic sounding, comprising: a controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounder and a central processing unit;
the controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding device comprises: the receiving system receives a feedback horizontal electric field signal Ex and a horizontal magnetic field signal Hy intersected with a receiving electric field through two non-polarized electrodes M pole and N pole; calculating apparent resistivity and phase from the observed electric field signal and magnetic field signal; the first grounded emitter electrode A and the second grounded emitter electrode B emit electromagnetic signals, the receiving system receives feedback signals through the first grounded measuring electrode M and the second grounded measuring electrode N,
the central processing unit includes:
the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling on the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model to obtain CSAMT observation data;
the comparison module is used for comparing the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model with the data curve corresponding to the MT; determining the reaction of the data curve observed by the CSAMT corresponding to each model to the shallow stratum, and further determining the change form of the observed data along with the frequency;
and the identification module is used for identifying the non-planar waves according to the change form of the observed data corresponding to each model along with the frequency and the reaction relation of the non-planar waves.
6. The multi-station intersection positioning system of claim 5, wherein the comparing module determines the response of the CSAMT observed data curve corresponding to each model to the shallow formation, and further determines the variation form of the observed data with frequency comprises:
and for each of the two-layer model and the four-layer model in the uniform half-space model, when the phase of a high frequency is a preset angle, determining that the angle is a reaction to the shallow stratum, and when the apparent resistivity of the low frequency is reduced along with the frequency to present an ascending form and the phase accompanying the ascending form is presented a descending form until the phase is close to zero, determining that the change forms of the apparent resistivity and the phase curve are non-planar wave reactions by the characteristics.
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