CN113156499B - Seismic data post-stack quantitative prediction method for fractured reservoir in basin area - Google Patents
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013628 Lantana involucrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006677 Monarda citriodora ssp. austromontana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007673 Origanum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative prediction method for post-stack seismic data of a fracture type reservoir in a basin area. Aiming at the fracture control characteristics of the fractured reservoir of the carbonate rock, the invention creatively provides a fracture type reservoir quantitative prediction flow of the carbonate rock. The method mainly uses post-stack depth migration seismic data to calculate the similarity attribute of a carbonate target layer of the seismic data to obtain fracture characteristics caused by stratum change, and then calculates the AFE attribute by using the similarity attribute, wherein the seismic attribute is a better attribute for reflecting the effect of a crack at present, and has the advantages of good plane effect, strong layering sense, strong fracture control effect, simplified treatment process and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a quantitative post-stack prediction method for seismic data of a fracture type reservoir in a basin area.
Background
The fracture type reservoir in the basin area has the characteristics of unclear seismic data and no obvious bead reflection, in the current post-stack fracture prediction technology aiming at the seismic data, the former mainly uses two types of ant bodies and seismic curvatures, and in the centralized fracture use process near forward and reverse fracture in the large-scale fracture basin, the two types of technologies have good effects, but have poor effects on a large number of messy cracks associated with the sliding fracture of the basin area.
The fractures in the basin area are currently considered to be part of the fractured cavity reservoir near the trunk fracture, and are also advantageous in terms of preserving oil and gas, requiring quantitative sculpturing during reservoir prediction, and requiring seismic attributes that can accurately respond to fracture reflections from seismic data.
The curvature attribute is a seismic attribute which is used for reflecting the bending degree of a geometric body for a long time, and the seismic horizon is also a structural curved surface in three-dimensional space, so that various curvature attributes of a single horizon can be obtained, such as average curvature, gaussian curvature, maximum and minimum curvature, maximum positive curvature, minimum negative curvature, trend curvature and the like. The curvature value of the structural layer reflects the magnitude of the bending degree of the rock stratum, so the curvature value distribution of the rock stratum can be used for evaluating the development degree of the longitudinal fracture generated by the structural bending action. And according to the calculation result, the maximum principal curvature value at each point on the plane is plotted to obtain a curvature distribution diagram, and crack distribution evaluation is carried out. Generally, if the formation is severely deformed by force, the more it may fracture, the higher the curvature value should be.
The integral stratum of the basin area has little change, no obvious inclination angle change exists at two sides of the sliding fracture, no obvious effect exists on associated cracks reflecting the sliding fracture in the seismic data of the basin area, the distribution state of the integral cracks cannot be predicted, and therefore the method cannot be used for carving a crack type reservoir.
The ant body attribute is a fracture system automatic analysis and identification system deduced by the Schlenmez. The principle of the system is as follows: a large number of ants are scattered in the seismic data volume, and ants found to meet the fracture trace of the preset fracture condition in the seismic attribute volume release a certain signal, and ants calling other areas focus on the fracture to track the fracture until the completion of the tracking and identification of the fracture. And other fracture marks that do not meet the fracture condition will not be marked.
However, the ant body has too long working flow and too many parameters to be mutually contained, and any link in the long flow can be increased or reinforced to an undesirable target. The object of the ant body is to strengthen the variance body, and particularly, the problem that the variance body has a ladder effect caused by a large fault and a small fault can be identified again due to a searching time window is solved, and the two main objects are contradictory and unsuitable for reflecting a fracture type reservoir in a basin area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quantitative prediction method for a counter basin area after earthquake data of a fractured reservoir is overlapped, so that accurate volume prediction of the fractured reservoir in the counter basin area is realized, the characterization effect can accord with geological recognition, and the process of predicting the earthquake data to the reservoir is completed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for quantitatively predicting post-stack seismic data of a fracture-type reservoir in a basin area comprises the following steps:
s100, obtaining seismic data of a three-dimensional block of the basin area;
s200, calculating similarity attributes of the seismic data to obtain fracture data conforming to geological awareness;
s300, calculating AFE attribute by using the fracture data calculated in the S200 so as to obtain crack information based on the coherent data;
s400, determining a threshold value of the AFE attribute engraving fracture-type reservoir according to the response of the drilled fracture, and determining the plane boundary of the fracture-type reservoir;
s500, combining the threshold value and the plane boundary obtained in the step S400, and quantitatively carving the volume of the fractured reservoir.
Each step is described in detail below.
S100, obtaining seismic data of the three-dimensional block of the basin area.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the seismic data of a three-dimensional block of a basin area through artificial earthquake, wherein the seismic data are three-dimensional seismic data, and particularly are post-stack depth migration seismic data.
And S200, calculating similarity attributes of the seismic data to obtain fracture data conforming to geological awareness.
And calculating the similarity attribute of the seismic data of the three-dimensional block of the basin area to obtain better fracture data conforming to geological awareness, and applying the better fracture data to a subsequent AFE attribute calculation flow.
The similarity attribute is a coherent algorithm based on feature structure decomposition, and has the advantages of good practical application effect, strong noise resistance and high resolution. The calculation principle is that when the coherence of a certain channel of the three-dimensional data body is analyzed, a space analysis window is used for intercepting the three-dimensional seismic data body to form a covariance matrix. The waveform of the seismic trace around the fault and other discontinuous structures can be changed, so that the fault and other discontinuous structures can be measured by utilizing the waveform difference in the analysis window. Based on the result of covariance matrix eigen decomposition, the discontinuity can be measured by the ratio of the principal eigenvalue to all eigenvalues.
The calculation parameters are selected according to the size of fracture in the three-dimensional earthquake work area, and the main adjustment parameters are as follows:
extracting similarity attributes: semblane/Eigen. The present invention preferably uses sembalance, and a high resolution algorithm can be selected if a requirement for micro-fracturing is required.
g: a three-dimensional data volume; s: the structure is guided smoothly; f: fracture trend and trend direction filtering;
default tilt scan/custom tilt scan;
vertical sampling point time window: constant/layered, the size of the time window is generally selected, and the size of the time window can be determined in a layered manner if the vertical fracture is changed;
horizontal sample time window: rectangular/spherical, the size of the time window is generally 3×3;
coherence smoothness: the micro-cracks 20 are of a larger scale 40, depending on the fracture scale.
Default dip scanning half-time window sampling points, generally selecting 16 sampling points;
the default tilt scans the half width of the plane 5 tracks.
S300, calculating AFE attribute by using the fracture data calculated in S200 to obtain fracture information based on the coherent data.
Using the similarity attribute volume calculated in S200, an AFE attribute volume is calculated. The calculation of AFE (auto-fault extract) attribute is based on seismic similarity attribute, and the invention uses Semblance similarity attribute calculated in S200.
Compared with the similarity attribute, the AFE attribute has an amplifying effect on the similarity relation between adjacent sample points, and is more beneficial to the imaging of the prominent fracture. The main adjustment parameters are as follows:
enhancing input along the line: corherency, the present invention is preferably coherent;
linear noise filtering mode: line/TRAC/BOTH, with BOTH being preferred in the present invention;
fracture enhancement minimum slice length: the invention preferably comprises 25 channels;
fracture pickup threshold value: 150 is preferred in the present invention.
S400, determining a threshold value of the AFE attribute engraving fracture-type reservoir according to the response of the drilled fracture, and determining the plane boundary of the fracture-type reservoir.
After the AFE attribute calculation is completed, a threshold value of the fractured reservoir layer needs to be determined, and the threshold value uses the depth of the reduced drilling curve when the fractured reservoir layer is drilled during the drilling process in the actual block. In the drilling process, limestone matrix is generally very compact, the curve is high in drilling time, the density of a fractured reservoir is slightly small, and the phenomenon of sudden reduction in drilling time occurs when the fractured reservoir is drilled, so that the depth is used as a threshold of the fractured reservoir.
According to the threshold value on the plane, the area with larger crack development density of the target layer can be determined, and the plane boundary of the crack type reservoir layer is determined and used as the outer contour of the three-dimensional carving crack type reservoir layer.
S500, combining the threshold value and the plane boundary obtained in the step S400, and quantitatively carving the volume of the fractured reservoir.
And engraving the AFE attribute into a small rectangular unit on the basis of the determined threshold value and plane boundary constraint of the S400 to obtain the engraving result of the crack type reservoir of the whole block.
Further, according to the number of the small rectangular units as a whole, the volume of the fractured reservoir inside the block can be quantitatively obtained.
The dimensions of the small rectangular units are preferably 25m x 5m in the present invention.
Aiming at the fracture control characteristics of the fractured reservoir of the carbonate rock, the invention creatively provides a fracture type reservoir quantitative prediction flow of the carbonate rock. The method mainly uses post-stack depth migration seismic data to calculate the similarity attribute of a carbonate target layer of the seismic data to obtain fracture characteristics caused by stratum change, and then calculates the AFE attribute by using the similarity attribute, wherein the seismic attribute is a better attribute for reflecting the effect of a crack at present, and has the advantages of good plane effect, strong layering sense, strong fracture control effect, simplified treatment process and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing similarity attribute calculation parameters in an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of AFE attribute calculation parameters in an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a plan boundary of a fracture development zone determined for a block using a drilling threshold in an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing quantitative engraving of a fracture-type reservoir with a certain block of Oregano AFE properties in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a quantitative prediction scheme of a reservoir, and relates to a quantitative prediction method of a basin area for post-stack seismic data of a carbonate fracture type reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
s100, obtaining seismic data of the three-dimensional block of the basin area.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the seismic data of a three-dimensional block of a basin area through artificial earthquake, wherein the seismic data are three-dimensional seismic data, and particularly are post-stack depth migration seismic data.
And S200, calculating the similarity attribute of the seismic data of the three-dimensional block of the basin area to obtain better fracture data conforming to geological awareness, and applying the better fracture data to a subsequent AFE attribute calculation flow.
The calculation parameters are selected according to the size of fracture in the three-dimensional earthquake work area, and the main adjustment parameters are as follows:
extracting similarity attributes: semblane/Eigen. Sembland is used here, and a high resolution algorithm may be selected if a requirement for micro-fracturing is required.
g: a three-dimensional data volume; s: the structure is guided smoothly; f: fracture trend and trend direction filtering;
default tilt scan/custom tilt scan;
vertical sampling point time window: constant/layered, the size of the time window is generally selected, and the size of the time window can be determined in a layered manner if the vertical fracture is changed;
horizontal sample time window: rectangular/spherical, the size of the time window is generally 3×3;
coherence smoothness: the micro-cracks 20 are of a larger scale 40, depending on the fracture scale.
Default dip scanning half-time window sampling points, generally selecting 16 sampling points;
the default tilt scans the half width of the plane 5 tracks. The parameter selection is shown in fig. 1.
S300, calculating an AFE attribute body by using the similarity attribute body calculated in the S200 so as to obtain crack information based on coherent data.
The calculation of AFE (auto-fault extract) attribute is based on seismic similarity attribute, and the invention uses Semblance calculated in S200.
Compared with the similarity attribute, the AFE attribute has an amplifying effect on the similarity relation between adjacent sample points, and is more beneficial to the imaging of the prominent fracture. As shown in fig. 2, the main adjustment parameters are:
enhancing input along the line: corherency, here chosen coherent;
linear noise filtering mode: line/TRAC/BOTH, where BOTH is selected;
fracture enhancement minimum slice length: here 25 lanes are selected;
fracture pickup threshold value: here 150 is selected.
S400, determining a threshold value of the AFE attribute engraving fracture-type reservoir according to the response of the drilled fracture, and determining the plane boundary of the fracture-type reservoir.
After the AFE attribute calculation is completed, a threshold value of the fractured reservoir layer needs to be determined, and the threshold value uses the depth of the reduced drilling curve when the fractured reservoir layer is drilled during the drilling process in the actual block. In the drilling process, limestone matrix is generally very compact, the curve is high in drilling time, the density of a fractured reservoir is slightly small, and the phenomenon of sudden reduction in drilling time occurs when the fractured reservoir is drilled, so that the depth is used as a threshold of the fractured reservoir.
According to the threshold value on the plane, the area with larger crack development density of the target layer can be determined, and the plane boundary of the crack type reservoir layer is determined and used as the outer contour of the three-dimensional carving crack type reservoir layer. FIG. 3 is a plan boundary of a fracture development zone for a block determined using a well threshold.
S500, combining the threshold value and the plane boundary obtained in the step S400, and quantitatively carving the volume of the fractured reservoir.
Based on the threshold value and the constraint of plane boundary determined in S400, the AFE attribute is engraved into a small rectangular unit of 25m×25m×5m, and the engraving result of the fractured reservoir of the whole block is obtained, as shown in fig. 4, to quantitatively engrave the fractured reservoir of the otto AFE attribute of a certain block.
According to the number of the small rectangular units, the volume of the crack type reservoir inside the block can be quantitatively obtained, and the quantitative engraving volume of the crack type reservoir in the embodiment is 140 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 。
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quantitatively predicting post-stack seismic data of a fracture-type reservoir in a basin area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, obtaining seismic data of a three-dimensional block of the basin area;
s200, calculating similarity attributes of the seismic data to obtain fracture data conforming to geological awareness;
when the similarity attribute is calculated, calculating a sembalance similarity attribute; the sembalance similarity attribute is:
g: a three-dimensional data volume; s: the structure is guided smoothly; f: fracture trend and trend direction filtering;
s300, calculating AFE attribute by using the fracture data calculated in the S200 so as to obtain crack information based on the coherent data;
s400, determining a threshold value of the AFE attribute engraving fracture-type reservoir according to the response of the drilled fracture, and determining the plane boundary of the fracture-type reservoir;
specifically, the depth of the curve diminishing in the drilling process of the drilled well is used as the threshold value; determining a region with larger crack development density of the target layer on a plane according to the threshold value, namely, determining the plane boundary of the crack type reservoir;
s500, combining the threshold value and the plane boundary obtained in the step S400, and quantitatively carving the volume of the fractured reservoir;
specifically, based on the threshold value and the constraint of plane boundaries determined in the step S400, engraving the AFE attribute into a small rectangular unit to obtain an engraving result of a crack type reservoir of the whole block; and quantitatively obtaining the volume of the crack type reservoir layer in the block according to the number of the small rectangular units.
2. The method of post-stack quantitative prediction of seismic data for a fractured reservoir in a basin area of claim 1, wherein the seismic data is three-dimensional seismic data.
3. The method for post-stack quantitative prediction of seismic data for a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in S300, the calculation of AFE attribute uses sembalance similarity attribute calculated in S200; the adjustment parameters in the AFE attribute calculation process comprise:
enhancing input along the line: coherence;
linear noise filtering mode: both;
fracture enhancement minimum slice length: 25 lanes;
fracture pickup threshold value: 150.
4. the method of post-stack quantitative prediction of seismic data for a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the small rectangular units have dimensions of 25m x 5m.
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| CN111830558B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2022-07-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracture zone engraving method |
| CN110658556A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-07 | 西南石油大学 | Seismic technology combination method for identifying and evaluating broken zone of sliding fracture of carbonate rock |
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