CN113156072B - Method for evaluating COD volume load of wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating COD volume load of an anaerobic biochemical unit of wastewater, which comprises the following steps: placing the waste water anaerobic biochemical unit to be evaluated in a tile type breathing instrument, performing anaerobic biochemical treatment, drawing an anaerobic biochemical curve according to the treatment time and the gas production amount, and performing linear regression analysis to obtain a slope marked as an anaerobic biochemical index K A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When K is A When the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than or equal to-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is more than 3 kg/(m) 3 D) a step of; when K is A >At-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than 3 kg/(m) 3 D) is described. Compared with the prior art, the anaerobic biochemical index K provided by the invention A Can represent the consumption rate of organic macromolecules in the wastewater and the CH production by anaerobic bacteria 4 Can be used for effectively predicting the removal amount of COD volume load of anaerobic wastewater in actual engineering, and has higher reference value for anaerobic process design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and relates to a method for evaluating COD volume load of an anaerobic biochemical unit of wastewater.
Background
Anaerobic respiration biodegradability is evaluated by evaluating the ability of anaerobic microorganisms to degrade organic matter by virtue of their own metabolism under anaerobic conditions. The metering of microbial gas production and the determination of gas composition are critical for accurate assessment of anaerobic biodegradability. At present, the anaerobic biodegradability of the wastewater is mainly determined by a gas collection method, but the method has the advantages of high detection difficulty, low detection result accuracy, relatively low corresponding gas yield, and poor sensitivity to micro-variation of gas volume due to the minimum measurement unit of 10mL of a general wet gas flowmeter. And the gas production rate is measured by a drainage method, so that the quantity of required equipment is large, and the operation is relatively complicated.
In the prior art, chinese patent CN108913540A discloses an anaerobic evaluation method, which adopts a micro anaerobic fermentation gas collection measuring method, gas generated by anaerobic microorganisms is measured by adopting trace gas flow, and measured data has a certain reference value for measuring the biodegradability of wastewater in engineering design, but the method has poor operability and larger practical use limit. The GC-MS method is used for deducing the biochemical performance of the organic matters in the wastewater by analyzing the composition of the organic matters, but the method only can give a qualitative reference and can not give a direct measurement result.
In summary, the methods for detecting the biodegradability of anaerobic wastewater disclosed in the above patent and literature have various disadvantages such as poor operability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method of COD volume load of a wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit, which is used for solving the problem of poor operability of the existing detection method of the biodegradability of anaerobic wastewater.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating COD volume load of an anaerobic biochemical unit of wastewater comprises the following steps: placing the waste water anaerobic biochemical unit to be evaluated in a tile type breathing instrument, performing anaerobic biochemical treatment, drawing an anaerobic biochemical curve according to the treatment time and the gas production amount, and performing linear regression analysis to obtain a slope marked as an anaerobic biochemical index K A ；
When K is A When the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than or equal to-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is more than 3 kg/(m) 3 D) a step of; when K is A >At-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than 3 kg/(m) 3 ·d)。
Further, the waste water anaerobic biochemical unit comprises a mud-water mixture obtained from a waste water anaerobic biochemical treatment section, and a simulated mud-water mixture prepared by mixing waste water, activated sludge, microorganism strains and fillers through an anaerobic biochemical barrel according to an anaerobic biochemical treatment process of an actual sewage treatment plant. In the mixing process, the change of water quality indexes such as pH, T, ORP, SV, SS, COD and the like is monitored until the water quality indexes are close to actual engineering parameters, so that an anaerobic tank in actual engineering is simulated, and the experimental evaluation result of the COD volume load of the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit is more referential.
Further, in the mixing process in the anaerobic biochemical barrel, the mixing temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the stirring rotating speed is 50-80rpm.
Further, the filler comprises at least one of elastic filler, combined filler, fiber ball filler and sponge block.
Further, the anaerobic biochemical treatment comprises the following steps:
1) Heating a constant-temperature water tank to a set temperature, and adding a Brodie solution into a pressure measuring tube to serve as a pressure detecting liquid;
2) Adding the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater into a reaction bottle, and adding CO into a central small cup 2 An absorbent;
3) Connecting the reaction bottle with the pressure measuring pipe, and placing the reaction bottle in the constant temperature water tank to enable the temperature of the reaction bottle to be consistent with that of the constant temperature water tank;
4) And (3) regulating the liquid level of the pressure measuring pipe, closing the ventilation valve, and starting the shaking switch to perform anaerobic biochemical reaction.
Further, in the step 1), the set temperature is 30-50 ℃.
Further, in step 2), the CO 2 The absorbent is 15-30wt% KOH solution.
Further, in the step 2), the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit and CO 2 The volume ratio of the absorbent to the reaction bottle is (1-3) (0.1-0.5) (27). If the addition amount of the mud water mixture is too small, the gas production amount of microorganism respiration is small, so that measurement is inaccurate; if the addition amount of the mud water mixture is too large, the microbial gas yield is too large, and exceeds the measurable gas yield range.
Further, the linear regression analysis is to perform linear regression analysis on the gas production rate within 0.8-1.2h after the start of the anaerobic biochemical reaction.
In the step 4), the closing time of the ventilation valve is within 2.5-3.5min after the reaction bottle is placed in the constant-temperature water tank, if the reaction bottle is closed in advance, the temperature in the reaction bottle and the temperature of the constant-temperature water tank are greatly different, and the measured data are inaccurate; too late a shut-down may result in the gas generated in the mud-water mixture not being measured, resulting in a large error.
The COD volume load is one of important indexes for checking the COD removal effect of the anaerobic wastewater, and the COD removal amount has correlation with the gas amount generated by the water sample. Therefore, in the anaerobic biochemical system, the amount of gas generated by the water sample can be used for predicting the COD volume load of the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit. The invention provides a new way for predicting COD volume load of a wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit based on the principle, and particularly adopts an anaerobic biochemical barrel to simulate an actual anaerobic process, a reaction bottle of a tile type breathing instrument is used as a biochemical microreactor, a piezometer tube is used as a gas yield metering device, a biochemical curve is drawn according to the gas yield in the anaerobic biochemical process of the wastewater, linear regression analysis is further carried out on the gas yield in the first 1h, and then the linear regression analysis is carried out according to the slope (namely the anaerobic biochemical index K A ) To predict COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater, and experimental results show that K A The correlation with COD volume load is good, and the method has a high engineering analysis application prospect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) The invention can accurately measure the trace gas generated by the waste water by measuring the liquid level difference of the pressure measuring pipe, has small error, strong practicability and good tightness;
2) The anaerobic biochemical index K provided by the invention A Represents the consumption rate of organic macromolecules in the wastewater and CH production by anaerobic bacteria 4 The rate of the (2) can be used for predicting the COD volume load removal amount of the anaerobic wastewater in actual engineering;
3) The anaerobic biochemical bucket used in the invention simulates the actual anaerobic biochemical treatment process of wastewater, pH, T, ORP, SV, SS, COD and the like of the wastewater in the bucket are all according to the water quality index of wastewater treatment in an actual factory, and the obtained experimental result has higher reference value on anaerobic process design of a sewage plant;
4) The biochemical diagram of the anaerobic curve drawn by the invention can give the change trend of anaerobic wastewater in a period of time, and makes up the limitation that the common drainage method and the exhaust method can only measure the gas production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the tile type respirator of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of anaerobic biochemical curves for various wastewater streams in example 3;
FIG. 3 shows the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of wastewater in example 3 as a function of K A A trend graph of the values;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing comparison of biochemical respiration curves of different water qualities in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing comparison of biochemical respiration curves at different pH values in example 5;
the figure indicates:
1-conductive meter, 2-thermometer, 3-top cover, 4-piezometer tube, 5-constant temperature water bath, 6-rotary disk, 7-protective cover, 8-driving disk, 9-switch cover, 10-handle, 11-hand lever, 12-base, 13-swing speed regulating switch and 14-reaction bottle.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment is used for preparing a simulated mud-water mixture by an anaerobic biochemical reaction simulation mechanism, and the preparation steps are as follows:
1) Pouring wastewater to be tested to 3/4 of the volume from a water inlet of an anaerobic biochemical barrel, then adding pre-domesticated activated sludge, microorganism strains and biological ropes respectively, starting a magnetic stirrer to enable a rotor to rotate at a speed of 60rpm, and simultaneously carrying out three groups of parallel experiments;
2) The heating switch is turned on to keep SS in the anaerobic biochemical barrel at 15000-20000mg/L, pH at 5.8-6.3, T at 25-30deg.C, and COD at 5000-10000mg/L, ORP less than-340.
The process conditions for the three mud-water mixtures are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 2:
the present embodiment uses a tile-type respirator as shown in figure 1 to draw anaerobic biochemical curves,
the tile type breathing apparatus comprises a conductive meter 1, a thermometer 2, a top cover 3, a pressure measuring tube 4, a constant-temperature water bath 5, a rotary table 6, a protective cover 7, a transmission disc 8, a switch cover 9, a handle 10, a hand lever 11, a base 12, a swing speed adjusting switch 13 and a reaction bottle 14.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. pouring tap water into a constant-temperature water bath 5 of the tile type breathing apparatus to a position of 1.5cm away from the edge of the bath, and filling proper cushion blocks under three feet of a base 12 to keep the water in the constant-temperature water bath 5 parallel to the edge of the bath;
2. the conductive meter 1 and the thermometer 2 are respectively inserted into corresponding hole sites on the top cover 3, and the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath 5 is set; then the power is turned on, the main power switch is pulled to the working position, and the signal lamp is turned on; the middle switch is moved to a heating position, so that the water temperature in the constant-temperature water bath 5 reaches a constant-temperature state (the temperature is set at 32 ℃);
3. taking 3 groups of clean and dry reaction bottles 14 and pressure measuring pipes 4, filling Brodie solution into the pressure measuring pipes 4 as pressure detecting liquid for standby, respectively adding equal amounts of same-kind mud-water mixtures prepared by the method of the embodiment 1 into the 3 reaction bottles 14, and respectively adding 2mL of KOH solution into corresponding central small cups;
4. coating vaseline on the frosted joint of the pressure measuring tube 4, plugging into the mouth of the reaction bottle 14, tightening and sealing by cowhide ribs, then placing into the constant-temperature water bath 5, leading the closed tube of the pressure measuring tube 4 to be communicated with the atmosphere, and shaking for 5 minutes to ensure that the temperature in the reaction bottle 14 is 32 ℃;
5. regulating the liquid level of the pressure detection liquid in each pressure measuring pipe 4 to 150mm, then rapidly closing a ventilation valve at the top of each closed pipe to separate the ventilation valve from air, recording the liquid level reading of the pressure detection liquid in each pressure measuring pipe 4, and then opening a tile type breathing instrument shaking switch to start a breathing gas production test;
6. closing a vibration switch at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7 and 8 hours after starting the test, adjusting the closed tube liquid level of each pressure measuring tube 4 to 150mm, and recording the open tube liquid level reading of the pressure measuring tube 4;
7. after stopping the test, taking down the reaction bottle 14 and the pressure measuring tube 4, wiping off vaseline on the bottle mouth and the frosted joint, pouring out liquid in the reaction bottle 14, washing with clear water, soaking in soapy water, washing with clear water, soaking overnight with washing liquid, cleaning, and drying in a 55 ℃ oven for later use;
8. calculating the gas production, wherein the gas production calculation formula based on the tile type breathing instrument is as follows:
(1)Δh i ＝Δh' i -Δh
wherein: Δh i -the change value of the Brodie solution level height calculated by each pressure measuring tube 4, mm;
Δh—temperature pressure versus Brodie solution level change in tube, mm;
Δh' i the change value of the Brodie solution level height of each pressure measuring tube 4 is mm;
(2)Y' i ＝K i Δh i
wherein: y is Y i Oxygen consumption of each reaction flask 14 at different times, mg;
K i the volume constant of each reaction bottle 14 is determined according to the mark in the tile type breathing instrument;
9. the results of the experiment were averaged over three replicates.
10. And drawing an anaerobic biochemical curve graph by using the gas yield and time.
Example 3:
the embodiment is used for measuring K A Value and COD volume load of general industrial wastewater to determine anaerobic biodegradability index critical K A The value provides an evaluation standard for the prediction of the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Different waste water is respectively filled in 10 anaerobic biochemical barrels with different COD removal effects, and the same kind of salt-tolerant strain, microorganism strain and plastic balls which are domesticated in advance are added;
2) Starting a temperature-controlled magnetic stirrer, sampling after 7 days of operation, measuring pH, T, SS, ORP, COD, then starting an anaerobic biochemical barrel (temperature-controlled magnetic stirrer), sampling after 24 hours, measuring COD volume load, drawing an anaerobic biochemical curve by adopting the method of the embodiment 2, and calculating K A Values.
In the first sampling in the step 2), the SS and the pH of 10 barrels are controlled to 13000-14000mg/L, 6.5-7.5, the COD is controlled to 10000-12000mg/L, the T is 30 ℃, and the ORP is less than-340. The anaerobic biochemical curve of the experimental result is shown in figure 2, and the COD volume load of wastewater biochemical treatment is dependent on K A The trend of the values is shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the respiration of the bacteria in the anaerobic water sample becomes very weak after the experiment is carried out for 1 hour, because the macromolecules in the water sample are mostly consumed by the anaerobic bacteria in 1 hour, so that the anaerobic biochemical index K A Should be determined as a gas production value within 1 hour. As can be seen from FIG. 3, K A There is a good correlation with the volume load, with K A Is reduced and the volumetric load is gradually increased.
The COD volume load of the general industrial wastewater is 3-4 kg/(m) 3 D), thus the COD volume load in the curve is up to 3 kg/(m) 3 K at d) A Value (when COD volume load is 3 kg/(m) 3 D) at K A A value of-80) is reasonable as the critical point of the evaluation standard, namely, K is taken as A = -80 as a critical point determination value of anaerobic biodegradability index, when K A When the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than or equal to-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is more than 3 kg/(m) 3 D), showing that the anaerobic treatment capacity of the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit is stronger; when K is A >At-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than 3 kg/(m) 3 D) indicating that the anaerobic treatment capacity of the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit is weak.
Example 4:
the method is used for examining the effectiveness of different water qualities on the anaerobic biochemical evaluation method of the wastewater, and comprises the following specific processes:
in anaerobic biochemical barrel 1 and anaerobicAdding industrial wastewater W-1 and W-2 into an oxygen biochemical barrel 2 respectively, adding the same salt-tolerant strain, microorganism strain and elastic three-dimensional filler which are domesticated in advance, starting an anaerobic biochemical barrel, adjusting pH, T, SS, COD (specific process parameters are shown in table 2), heating and stirring for 24 hours, taking out water samples respectively, recording the water samples as a water sample D and a water sample E, measuring the gas production of the water samples D and the water sample E in a specified time by adopting the method of the embodiment 2, simultaneously carrying out three groups of parallel experiments, drawing anaerobic biochemical curves (shown in figure 4), and calculating K A Values.
TABLE 2
As shown in FIG. 4, different water qualities have different biochemistry under similar environments, and the industrial wastewater W-1 corresponds to K of water sample D A Is-22, and the COD volume load is 0.8 kg/(m) 3 D) a step of; and K of water sample E corresponding to industrial wastewater W-2 A Is-92.5, and the COD volume load is 3.4 kg/(m) 3 D) is described. Obviously K A The magnitude of the value corresponds to the removal effect of COD.
Example 5:
the method is used for examining the effectiveness of different pH values on the anaerobic biochemical evaluation method of the wastewater, and comprises the following specific processes:
adding industrial wastewater W-3 into anaerobic biochemical barrels 3, 4 and 5 respectively, adding the same salt-tolerant strain, microorganism strain and plastic ball which are domesticated in advance, starting the anaerobic biochemical barrels, adjusting pH, T, SS, COD (specific process parameters are shown in table 3), heating and stirring for 24 hours, taking out water samples respectively, recording the water samples as water samples F, G and H, measuring the gas production of the water samples F, G and H in a specified time by adopting the method of example 2, simultaneously carrying out three groups of parallel experiments, drawing anaerobic biochemical curves (shown in figure 5), and calculating K A Values.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As shown in FIG. 5, different pH's have different biochemistry under similar environments, K of water quality F A Is-58, and the COD volume load is 2.1 kg/(m) 3 D) a step of; k of water quality G A Is-117, and the COD volume load is 4.12 kg/(m) 3 D) a step of; and K of water quality H A Is-146.5, and the COD volume load is 4.23 kg/(m) 3 D). Obviously K A The magnitude of the value corresponds to the removal effect of COD.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for evaluating the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps of: placing the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit to be evaluated in a tile type breathing instrument and performing anaerobic biochemical treatment, drawing an anaerobic biochemical curve according to the treatment time and the gas production rate within 1h after the start of the anaerobic biochemical treatment, and performing linear regression analysis to obtain a slope marked as an anaerobic biochemical index K A ；
When K is A When the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than or equal to-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is more than 3 kg/(m) 3 D) a step of; when K is A >At-80, the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater is less than 3 kg/(m) 3 ·d)。
2. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of the anaerobic biochemical wastewater treatment unit according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic biochemical wastewater treatment unit comprises a sludge-water mixture obtained from an anaerobic biochemical wastewater treatment section and a simulated sludge-water mixture prepared by mixing wastewater, activated sludge and filler through an anaerobic biochemical barrel.
3. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of the anaerobic biochemical unit for wastewater according to claim 2, wherein the mixing temperature is 30-50 ℃ and the stirring rotation speed is 50-80rpm in the mixing process in the anaerobic biochemical barrel.
4. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of the anaerobic biochemical unit according to claim 2, wherein the filler comprises at least one of elastic filler, combined filler, fiber ball filler and sponge block.
5. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of an anaerobic biochemical treatment unit for wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic biochemical treatment comprises the following steps:
1) Heating a constant-temperature water tank to a set temperature, and adding a Brodie solution into a pressure measuring tube to serve as a pressure detecting liquid;
2) Adding the anaerobic biochemical unit of the wastewater into a reaction bottle, and adding CO into a central small cup 2 An absorbent;
3) Connecting the reaction bottle with a pressure measuring pipe, and placing the reaction bottle in a constant-temperature water tank to enable the temperature of the reaction bottle to be consistent with that of the constant-temperature water tank;
4) And (3) regulating the liquid level of the pressure measuring pipe, closing the ventilation valve, and starting the shaking switch to perform anaerobic biochemical reaction.
6. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of a wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the set temperature is 30-50 ℃.
7. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of a wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the CO is selected from the group consisting of 2 The absorbent is 15-30wt% KOH solution.
8. A wastewater according to claim 5The method for evaluating the COD volume load of the anaerobic biochemical unit is characterized in that in the step 2), the anaerobic biochemical unit and CO of the wastewater are adopted 2 The volume ratio of the absorbent is (1-3) (0.1-0.5).
9. The method for evaluating the COD volumetric load of a wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2), the adding amount of the wastewater anaerobic biochemical unit is 1/27-1/9 of the volume of a reaction bottle.
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