CN113155698A - Physical simulation device for large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism - Google Patents
Physical simulation device for large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN113155698A CN113155698A CN202110366301.6A CN202110366301A CN113155698A CN 113155698 A CN113155698 A CN 113155698A CN 202110366301 A CN202110366301 A CN 202110366301A CN 113155698 A CN113155698 A CN 113155698A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a physical simulation device for a piping dangerous case evolution mechanism of a large-scale embankment, which relates to the technical field of physical simulation devices for piping dangerous case evolution mechanisms of the embankment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation devices, in particular to a large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation device.
Background
Piping dangerous case is one of the most common dangerous cases of the dike in China, the safe operation of the dike is seriously influenced, and the life and property of people in China are greatly lost over the years. Piping refers to the phenomenon that fine particles in a non-viscous soil body move or are brought out through gaps of a coarse particle skeleton under the seepage action, so that channels are formed in a soil layer to generate concentrated water inrush. The indoor physical model test is one of the main methods for researching piping dangerous case mechanism, but the currently adopted physical model has the defects that: (1) the influence on the piping dangerous case evolution process is obvious when the size of the model is too small; (2) the rigid cover plate obviously influences the expansion of the piping port. In a physical model test, in order to reduce the difficulty of manufacturing a test model, a rigid cover plate is generally adopted to simulate a dike base cover layer so as to prevent the cover layer from being burst due to the jacking force action of a confined water head from a piping port to an upstream water inlet area, and a hole is reserved on the cover plate to simulate the piping port. However, the method has a problem that when piping dangerous case occurs, a piping port and piping flow are continuously expanded in an upstream direction along with time and hydraulic conditions, so that a clay covering layer is collapsed, the piping port is expanded, a preformed hole in a cover plate is fixed and unchanged in the whole piping evolution process, the piping flow and the piping port development are severely restrained, the observed piping dangerous case development rule is obviously different from the actual situation, and deep system research on the whole process of occurrence, development and collapse of the piping dangerous case of the embankment cannot be carried out; (3) the existing model cannot study the influence of mechanical properties of the covering layer on piping expansion.
Disclosure of Invention
The physical simulation device for the piping dangerous case evolution mechanism of the large-scale embankment, provided by the invention, can effectively solve the problem that the piping expansion process is inconsistent with the actual situation by increasing the size of the physical model and improving the rigid cover plate to be replaceable, and provides a solution for objectively and accurately disclosing the piping dangerous case evolution and collapse causing mechanism.
The invention provides a physical simulation device for a large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism, which comprises:
the model comprises a model main body, a detachable cover plate system, a water supply system and a seepage field monitoring system;
the model main body is used for simulating a dike foundation comprising a covering layer and a sand layer;
the water supply system is communicated with the model main body; the water supply system is used for providing hydraulic conditions in a piping dangerous case simulation process for the model main body;
the removable cover plate system covers the covering layer at the upstream area of the piping opening;
and the seepage field monitoring system is used for monitoring the pressure water head of the sand layer.
Optionally, the method further comprises: any one or more of a covering layer deformation monitoring system, a piping flow and sand content monitoring system and a piping port shape expansion monitoring system;
the covering layer deformation monitoring system is used for monitoring the deformation condition of the covering layer;
the piping flow and sand content monitoring system is used for monitoring the piping drainage flow and drainage turbidity change;
the piping port shape expansion monitoring system is used for monitoring and shooting a piping expansion process.
Optionally, the cover layer deformation monitoring system is provided in a cover layer, the cover layer deformation monitoring system comprising: a plurality of displacement deformation monitors;
the piping flow and sand content monitoring system is positioned in the downstream area of the piping port and is adjacent to the drainage chamber; the piping flow and sand content monitoring system comprises: a flow monitor and a turbidity meter;
the piping port morphological expansion monitoring system comprises: at least two high definition cameras; at least one high-definition camera is fixed above the piping port; at least one high-definition camera is a movable high-precision camera, and the movable high-precision camera is arranged on a movable track on one side of the model main body.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a circulating water system;
the circulating water system is communicated with the water supply system and the model main body respectively; the water recovery device is used for recovering water gushing from a piping port on the model main body and supplying water to the water supply system.
Optionally, the circulating water system comprises: a drainage chamber, a water lifting pump, a circulating pool and a submersible pump; the drainage chamber is in an open non-pressure type; the drainage chamber is arranged at the downstream tail end of the model main body; the water pump is used for pumping water gushed from the piping port into the drainage chamber and then pumping the water into the circulating pool; the circulation pool conveys water to a water supply system through a submersible pump, and when the water in a water tank in the water supply system exceeds a control water level, the water flows back to the circulation pool through a water tank overflow device system in the water supply system under the action of gravity.
Optionally, the raw material of the model main body is reinforced concrete material, and the length value ranges from 1000cm to 2000 cm; the width value range is 300-500 cm; the height value ranges from 250cm to 400 cm.
Optionally, a fixing part is tiled at the edge of the top surface of the model main body, and a drilling hole is formed in the horizontal section at the upper end of the fixing part and used for fixing the replaceable cover plate system;
the replaceable cover plate system comprises a plurality of replaceable cover plate units and link pieces;
the plurality of replaceable cover plate units are linked into a whole through the linking pieces to cover the covering layer on the upstream area of the piping opening.
Optionally, the fixing part is specifically i-shaped steel, and the i-shaped steel and the model main body wall reinforcing mesh are fixed together by welding; the horizontal section at the upper end of the I-shaped steel is provided with a drilling hole for fixing a replaceable cover plate system;
the link comprises a plurality of inverted T-shaped steels in the width direction of the model body; a plurality of joining fastener walls located along the length of the mold body;
screw holes corresponding in position are formed in the detachable cover plate unit, the inverted T-shaped steel and the connecting and fixing piece wall; each detachable cover plate unit is paved between two adjacent inverted T-shaped steels; the connecting and fixing wall bodies are positioned on the two adjacent detachable cover plate units; the inverted T-shaped steel and the connecting and fixing wall body link the detachable cover plate unit link into a whole through screws, and the whole covers the covering layer at the upstream area of the piping opening;
and a waterproof layer is also arranged between the detachable cover plate unit and the link element.
Optionally, the water supply system comprises: a water tank and a water tank overflow system; the water tank overflow device system is used for adjusting the height position of the water level of the water tank and providing hydraulic conditions for the model main body in the piping dangerous case simulation process.
Optionally, the model main body side further comprises: a water inlet chamber; the water inlet chamber is closed, and the water supply system is communicated with the water inlet chamber through a water inlet pipe; the top of the water inlet chamber is sealed and provided with an exhaust valve, and one side of the water inlet chamber, which is connected with the model main body, adopts a porous steel plate to supply water for the model main body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the physical simulation device for the piping dangerous case evolution mechanism of the large-scale embankment, the pressure water head of a sand layer and the impermeability of the covering layer are monitored by the seepage field monitoring system, so that the covering layer is exposed by disassembling the covering plate on the detachable covering plate system under the condition that the upstream area of the covering layer, of which the piping port is not expanded, can resist the jacking action of a confined water head without damage, and the actual piping dangerous case expansion process of the embankment is simulated without restriction when the piping port is expanded upstream.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a physical simulation apparatus for large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism provided in this embodiment 2
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 1
FIG. 4 is a top view of the replaceable cover system
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the portion C in FIG. 4
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of 1-1' of FIG. 4
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view taken along line 2-2' in FIG. 4
FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view taken along line 3-3' of FIG. 4
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the connection mode between the detachable cover plate unit and the T-shaped steel
Reference numerals: 1 model body, 2 water inlet chambers, 3 water inlet pipes, 4 water tanks, 5 water tank overflow water tanks, 6 overflow water pipes, 7 valves, 8 circulating pools, 9-1 water lifting pumps, 9-2 submersible pumps, 10 water pipes, 11 cameras, 12 flow monitors, 13 piping ports, 14 screws, 15 detachable cover plate systems, 16 covering layers, 17 displacement deformation monitors, 18 exhaust valves, 19 drainage chambers, 20 water head pressure sensors, 21 sand layers, 22 detachable cover plate units, 23 porous plate energy dissipation permeable plates and water collecting tanks, 24 triangular weir overflow water tanks, 25 automatic water level meters, 26' -inverted T-shaped steel, 27 connection firmware walls, 28 body model reinforced concrete walls, 29 nut gaskets, 30 silica gel sheets, 31 industrial steel and 32 foam filling bodies
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a physical simulation device system for a large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism,
comprises a model main body, a detachable cover plate system, a water supply system and a seepage field monitoring system;
the model main body is used for simulating a dike foundation comprising a covering layer and a sand layer;
the water supply system is communicated with the model main body; the water supply system is used for providing hydraulic conditions in the piping dangerous case simulation process for the model main body;
the removable cover plate system covers the covering layer at the upstream area of the piping opening;
the seepage field monitoring system is used for monitoring the pressure water head of the sand layer.
Further, the method can also comprise the following steps: any one or more of a covering layer deformation monitoring system, a piping flow and sand content monitoring system and a piping port shape expansion monitoring system;
the covering layer deformation monitoring system is used for monitoring the deformation condition of the covering layer;
the piping flow and sand content monitoring system is used for monitoring the piping drainage flow and drainage turbidity change;
the piping port shape expansion monitoring system is used for monitoring and shooting a piping expansion process.
Further, a cover layer deformation monitoring system is disposed in the cover layer, the cover layer deformation monitoring system comprising: a plurality of displacement deformation monitors;
the piping flow and sand content monitoring system is positioned in the downstream area of the piping port and is adjacent to the drainage chamber; piping flow and sand content monitoring system includes: a flow monitor and a turbidity meter;
piping port morphological extension monitoring system includes: at least two high definition cameras; at least one high-definition camera is fixed above the piping port; at least one high-definition camera is a movable high-precision camera, and the movable high-precision camera is arranged on a movable track on one side of the model main body.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a circulating water system;
the circulating water system is respectively communicated with the water supply system and the model main body; the water recovery device is used for recovering water gushed from a piping port on the model main body and supplying water for a water supply system.
Further, the circulating water system includes: a drainage chamber, a water lifting pump, a circulating pool and a submersible pump; the drainage chamber is in an open non-pressure type; the drainage chamber is arranged at the downstream tail end of the model main body; the water pump is used for pumping water gushed from the piping port into the drainage chamber and then pumping the water into the circulating pool; the circulating pool conveys water to a water supply system through a submersible pump, and when the water in a water tank in the water supply system exceeds a control water level, the water flows back to the circulating pool through a water tank overflow device system in the water supply system under the action of gravity.
Preferably, in the physical simulation device for the piping dangerous situation evolution mechanism of the large-scale embankment, the raw material of the model main body is reinforced concrete material, the thickness is 30cm, and the length value range is 1000 cm-2000 cm; the width value range is 300-500 cm; the height value ranges from 250cm to 400 cm.
Furthermore, a fixing part is tiled at the edge of the top surface of the model main body, and a drilling hole is formed in the horizontal section at the upper end of the fixing part and used for fixing the replaceable cover plate system;
the detachable cover plate system comprises a plurality of detachable cover plate units and link pieces;
a plurality of replaceable cover plate units are linked into a whole by a linking piece to cover the covering layer at the upstream area of the piping opening.
Furthermore, the fixing part is made of I-shaped steel, and the I-shaped steel and the model main body wall reinforcing mesh are fixed together by welding; a drilling hole is formed in the horizontal section of the upper end of the I-shaped steel and used for fixing a replaceable cover plate system;
the link comprises a plurality of inverted T-shaped steels positioned in the width direction of the model main body; a plurality of connected firmware walls positioned in the length direction of the model main body;
screw holes corresponding in position are formed in the detachable cover plate unit, the inverted T-shaped steel and the connecting and fixing piece wall; each detachable cover plate unit is paved between two adjacent inverted T-shaped steels; the connecting and fixing piece wall body is positioned on the two adjacent detachable cover plate units; the detachable cover plate unit link is connected with the inverted T-shaped steel and the connecting and fixing wall body into a whole through screws and covers the covering layer in the upstream area of the piping opening;
a waterproof layer is also arranged between the detachable cover plate unit and the link element.
In this embodiment, the water blocking layer may include: a silicone sheet or other water-blocking material.
Further, the water supply system includes: a water tank and a water tank overflow system; the water tank overflow device system is used for adjusting the height position of the water level of the water tank and providing hydraulic conditions for the model main body in the piping dangerous case simulation process.
Further, the model main body side further comprises: a water inlet chamber; the water inlet chamber is closed, and the water supply system is communicated with the water inlet chamber through a water inlet pipe; the top of the water inlet chamber is sealed and provided with an exhaust valve, and one side of the water inlet chamber, which is connected with the model main body, adopts a porous steel plate as the model main body to supply water.
According to the physical simulation device for the piping dangerous case evolution mechanism of the large-scale embankment, the pressure water head of a sand layer and the impermeability of a covering layer are monitored by the seepage field monitoring system, so that the covering layer is exposed by disassembling the cover plate on the detachable cover plate system under the condition that the upstream area of the covering layer, of which the piping port is not expanded yet, and the upstream area of the covering layer, of which the piping port is not expanded yet, can resist the jacking action of a confined water head without damage, and conditions are provided for unrestrainedly expanding the piping port upstream, and the actual piping dangerous case expansion process of the embankment is simulated.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a physical simulation device system for an evolution mechanism of a piping dangerous case of a large-scale embankment, which comprises a model main body, a detachable cover plate system, a water supply system, a circulating water system, a seepage field monitoring system, a covering layer deformation monitoring system, a piping flow and sand content monitoring system and a piping port shape expansion monitoring system. The model main body is used for simulating a dyke foundation with a binary structure and providing a place for piping; in order to objectively simulate the piping evolution process, the piping port and the downstream area thereof are not provided with a cover plate, and the upstream of the piping port adopts a detachable cover plate system. According to a seepage field monitoring system and a piping expansion condition, in an upstream area where a piping port is not expanded, the upstream area can resist the jacking action of a confined water head without damage, a clay covering layer is exposed by gradually uncovering a detachable cover plate unit on a detachable cover plate system, conditions are provided for the upstream expansion of the piping port without restriction, and a real dike piping dangerous condition expansion process is simulated; the water supply system provides water head fixing and large flow hydraulic conditions for the piping dangerous case simulation process; the water recycling system can save a large amount of test water and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources; the piping dangerous case mechanism can be quantitatively researched through the dyke foundation seepage field, the covering layer deformation, the piping flow, the piping sand content and the piping port state.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the model body 1 is made of reinforced concrete material, and has a thickness of 30cm, a length of 1000cm, a width of 300cm, and a height of 250 cm. The model main body 1 is provided with a water inlet chamber 2 and a water discharge chamber 19 on two sides, the water inlet chamber 2 is closed so as to bear pressure, the water discharge chamber 19 is open and pressure-free, the two sizes are both 300cm long, 1000cm wide and 250cm high, and the materials are reinforced concrete. As shown in fig. 2, which represents an enlarged view of portion a of fig. 1, a replaceable cover plate system 15 is placed over the cover layer 16 in the area upstream of the piping orifice.
As shown in the top view of the replaceable cover system 15 in fig. 4, the replaceable cover system 15 is located on the main model reinforced concrete wall 28, and the replaceable cover system 15 includes: a plurality of replaceable cover units 22 linked to each other, each replaceable cover unit 22 being a steel plate unit having a length of 100cm and a width of 50 cm. In the width direction of the model body 1, inverted T-shaped section steel 26 is arranged every 50cm, the width of the ' ━ ' is 10cm, and the height of the ' | is 10 cm. And a plurality of fastener walls 27 located along the length of the model body 1. Further, fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion C in fig. 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 9 and fig. 7 for illustrating a schematic cross-sectional view 2-2' in fig. 4, the replaceable cover plate unit 22 is tiled between two adjacent ″ -shaped steels. The detachable cover plate unit 22 and the T-shaped steel 26 are screwed through the stainless steel screws 14. In order to prevent water leakage in the test process, a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 1mm is placed between the contact positions of the detachable cover plate unit 22 and the inverted T-shaped steel 26, and a thin layer of vaseline is coated for sealing. The space between the underside of the replaceable cover unit 22 and the cover layer 16 may be filled with a foam filling 32. In order to dynamically simulate the piping dangerous case expansion process without being influenced by the constraint of the replaceable cover plate system 15, the corresponding replaceable cover plate unit 22 is taken out by unscrewing the stainless steel screw 14 according to the piping expansion condition in the test process, so that the piping expansion naturally develops.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 for illustrating a cross-sectional view 1-1' of fig. 4, the connecting fastener wall 27 is located on the replaceable cover units 22 adjacent to each other along the water flow direction, and screw holes are provided on the replaceable cover units 22 at positions corresponding to the positions of the screw holes; two adjacent removable cover units 22 are connected into a whole by screws 14 passing through the screw holes. A nut gasket 29 is also arranged between the screw 14 and the connecting and fixing piece wall 27; a silicon sheet 30 for stopping water between the joints of the adjacent cover plate unit chains is further arranged between the connecting and fixing wall 27 and the adjacent two replaceable cover plate units 22.
Further, as shown in fig. 8 for showing a schematic sectional view of 3-3' in fig. 4, a plurality of "i" section steels each having a thickness of 1cm, a width of 20cm for one "and a height of 10cm are spread on the periphery of the top surface of the model main body 1, and holes are drilled in horizontal sections of the upper ends of the" i "section steels for fixing with screws the removable cover plate units 22 of the removable cover plate system 15. The I-shaped steel and the wall reinforcing mesh of the model main body 1 are fixed together by welding.
Further, the water supply system includes: a tank 4 welded from stainless steel plate having dimensions of 2.5m length, 2.5m width and 7.0m height, and a tank overflow system, the tank overflow system comprising: the water tank overflow trough 5 which can move up and down and an overflow water pipe 6 which is communicated with the water tank overflow trough 5 are arranged on the water tank 4, and the overflow water pipe 6 of the water tank overflow trough 5 is also respectively communicated with the circulating pool 8 and the water tank 4. Considering the influence of the water storage of the model main body 1 and the self weight thereof on the foundation, the bearing platform which is independently used for bearing the water tank 4 is poured by adopting reinforced concrete in the construction process, so that the influence of uneven settlement on the model main body 1 is avoided. Therefore, the water supply system is connected to the model body 1 through the inlet water pipe 3 having a diameter of 40cm to perform a water supply function. And the water inlet chamber 2 with the width of 3m, the length of 1m and the height of 2.5m is prefabricated on the upstream side of the model main body 1 to avoid the impact force formed by water supply on the model test. The upper part of the water inlet chamber 2 is sealed, and one side which is connected with the model main body 1 adopts a porous steel plate for supplying water. In addition, a vent valve 18 with the diameter of 10cm is arranged at the top of the water inlet chamber 2. The exhaust valve 18 is opened to discharge air in the water inlet process, and the valve of the exhaust valve 18 is closed after the water inlet chamber 2 completely enters water.
Further, the recycling water system includes: a drainage chamber 19, a water lifting pump 9-1 and pipelines thereof, a circulating pool 8, a submersible pump 9-2 and pipelines thereof. The drain chamber 19 is sized to have a length of 1m, a width of 3.0m and a height of 2.5m, and is provided at the downstream end of the mold body 1. The water gushing from the piping port is discharged into the drain chamber 19 and then pumped into the circulation tank 8 by the lift pump 9-1. The size of the circulating tank 8 is 2.5m long, 2.5m wide and 2.5m high. And then the water is conveyed to the water tank 4 through the submersible pump 9-2. The water in the tank 4, if it exceeds the control level, flows back to the circulation tank 8 through the tank overflow system, under the action of gravity, through the pipe.
Further, the seepage field monitoring system comprises a water collecting cavity, a pressure measuring pipe and a water head pressure sensor 20, wherein the pressure measuring pipe guides water pressure in the water collecting cavity into the water head pressure sensor 20 for displaying. The water collecting cavity is buried deep in the monitoring point position, and a stable pressure measuring condition is provided for the pressure measuring pipe. The water collecting cavity is a porous PVC pipe with the diameter of 2cm and the length of 5cm, and a layer of 80-mesh nylon net is wrapped outside the water collecting cavity to prevent sand from entering the water collecting cavity. The water head pressure sensor 20 is connected with the water collecting cavity body through a piezometer tube and monitors the sand layer pressure water head. The seepage monitoring system is arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to form a three-dimensional seepage field monitoring system. The device consists of three monitoring sections in the horizontal direction, and each horizontal monitoring section is arranged at an interval of 0.5-2.0m according to the distance from the piping opening. In the vertical direction, each monitoring point simultaneously monitors the pressure water heads of sand layers with 4 different depths. The monitoring range of the pressure water head is not less than 10m, the accuracy is +/-0.05% FS, the resolution is not more than 0.5hPa, no less than 40000 data records can be stored, GSM/GPRS/Internet remote data transmission is supported, a full-automatic data acquisition device acquires the data, and the monitoring frequency is 1 time/10 min.
Further, the covering layer deformation monitoring system is used for monitoring soil body emergence of the covering layer 16, namely the clay layer, and a displacement deformation monitor is mainly adopted for monitoring the emergence process of the soil body in the piping expansion process. Since the cover layer 16 is only 30cm, monitoring is only performed 10cm above the contact surface of the cover layer 16 with the sand layer 21. Along the water flow direction, displacement deformation monitors 17 are arranged every 0.5m on the model axis.
Further, piping flow and sand content monitoring system includes: a flow monitor and turbidity meter located downstream of the piping orifice 13 adjacent the drainage chamber. As shown in fig. 3 for showing an enlarged view of part B of fig. 1, the flow rate monitor includes: triangular weir overflow basin 24 and automatic fluviograph 25, when rivers pass through perforated plate energy dissipation porous sheet and water catch bowl 23, triangular weir overflow basin 24 and automatic fluviograph 25 time, adopt automatic fluviograph 25 dynamic monitoring surface of water height, monitoring piping drainage flow change. The precision is +/-1 mm, and the monitoring frequency is 5 times/min.
Further, piping port morphological extension monitoring system includes: 2 high-definition cameras, wherein one camera 11 is fixed above a model piping opening and is used for shooting the whole process of piping expansion; the other is a movable high-precision camera, namely a movable track is arranged on one side of the model main body, the movable high-precision camera is fixed on the slidable track, and the movable high-precision camera is moved according to the piping expansion condition so as to obtain the dynamic change of the piping opening with high precision.
In the development process of the piping dangerous case of the embankment, the piping port of the embankment changes along with the development of the piping dangerous case, namely the size of the piping port can be continuously increased and decreased and is expanded upstream in the shape of a long ellipsoid, and a large amount of water and silt can flow out of the piping port in the expansion process of the piping.
Before the start of the model test, the sand layer 21 and the cover layer 16 are filled in the model body 1 according to the purpose of the test. In the sand layer 21, water pressure sensors 20 are embedded in layers in the horizontal and vertical directions; the displacement deformation monitor 17 is embedded in the cover layer 16, and then the cover layer 16 is covered by the removable cover plate system 15 and is subjected to waterproof sealing treatment by means of glue or the like.
Firstly, the water is supplied to the water tank 4 from the circulating pool 8 by the submersible pump 9-2, and after the water slowly enters the water inlet chamber 2 and is supplied to the model main body 1 for saturation, the exhaust valve 18 is closed. Water is continuously supplied to the water tank 4, the height of the set water level of the water tank is obtained by adjusting the water tank overflow water tank 5 which can move up and down, so that the fixed water head of the water inlet chamber 2 is obtained, and the hydraulic condition of the water level rising process of the dike dangerous situation river is simulated. The water discharged from the piping port 13 is introduced into the drain chamber 19 through the flow meter 12, and is pumped into the circulation tank 8 through the lift pump 9-1. The water head pressure sensor 20, the displacement deformation monitor 17, the flow meter 12 and the camera 11 data are read during the whole test process. When the water level in the water inlet chamber 2 rises to a certain height, the sand gushing condition occurs at the piping port 13, and the piping occurs. Through dynamic monitoring piping port 13 upstream head pressure sensor 20 dynamic water level data, according to the impervious ability of overburden 16, conclude like do not take place when removable formula apron unit 22 uncovers because of the safe region that the pressure-bearing jacking force effect of water leads to overburden 16 to take place to destroy, removable formula apron unit 22, after uncovering, overburden 16 is the clay layer structure is intact, then, through removable formula apron unit 22 of removable formula of safe region of tearing open, take place to provide real stratum condition for piping port 13 further upstream region, namely piping can simulate real dyke piping dangerous situation and expand. By continuously raising the water level of the intake chamber 2 until the piping danger continues to extend to the intake chamber 2, i.e. the piping is cut through.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The physical simulation device for the large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism is characterized by comprising a model main body, a detachable cover plate system, a water supply system and a seepage field monitoring system;
the model main body is used for simulating a dike foundation comprising a covering layer and a sand layer;
the water supply system is communicated with the model main body; the water supply system is used for providing hydraulic conditions in a piping dangerous case simulation process for the model main body;
the removable cover plate system covers the covering layer at the upstream area of the piping opening;
and the seepage field monitoring system is used for monitoring the pressure water head of the sand layer.
2. The large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising: any one or more of a covering layer deformation monitoring system, a piping flow and sand content monitoring system and a piping port shape expansion monitoring system;
the covering layer deformation monitoring system is used for monitoring the deformation condition of the covering layer;
the piping flow and sand content monitoring system is used for monitoring the piping drainage flow and drainage turbidity change;
the piping port shape expansion monitoring system is used for monitoring and shooting a piping expansion process.
3. The large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the overburden deformation monitoring system is disposed in an overburden, the overburden deformation monitoring system comprising: a plurality of displacement deformation monitors;
the piping flow and sand content monitoring system is positioned in the downstream area of the piping port and is adjacent to the drainage chamber; the piping flow and sand content monitoring system comprises: a flow monitor and a turbidity meter;
the piping port morphological expansion monitoring system comprises: at least two high definition cameras; at least one high-definition camera is fixed above the piping port; at least one high-definition camera is a movable high-precision camera, and the movable high-precision camera is arranged on a movable track on one side of the model main body.
4. The large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a circulating water system;
the circulating water system is communicated with the water supply system and the model main body respectively; the water recovery device is used for recovering water gushing from a piping port on the model main body and supplying water to the water supply system.
5. The large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation device according to claim 4, wherein the circulating water system comprises: a drainage chamber, a water lifting pump, a circulating pool and a submersible pump; the drainage chamber is in an open non-pressure type; the drainage chamber is arranged at the downstream tail end of the model main body; the water pump is used for pumping water gushed from the piping port into the drainage chamber and then pumping the water into the circulating pool; the circulation pool conveys water to a water supply system through a submersible pump, and when the water in a water tank in the water supply system exceeds a control water level, the water flows back to the circulation pool through a water tank overflow device system in the water supply system under the action of gravity.
6. The physical simulation device for the evolution mechanism of the dangerous case of the large-scale embankment piping according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the model body is made of reinforced concrete and has a length ranging from 1000cm to 2000 cm; the width value range is 300-500 cm; the height value ranges from 250cm to 400 cm.
7. The physical simulation device for the evolution mechanism of the hazardous situation of the large-scale embankment piping according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the top edge of the model body is tiled with a fixing part, and the upper horizontal section of the fixing part is provided with a drilling hole for fixing the removable cover plate system;
the replaceable cover plate system comprises a plurality of replaceable cover plate units and link pieces;
the plurality of replaceable cover plate units are linked into a whole through the linking pieces to cover the covering layer on the upstream area of the piping opening.
8. The physical simulation device for the evolution mechanism of the dangerous case of large-scale embankment piping according to claim 7, wherein the fixing part is an I-shaped steel, and the I-shaped steel and the steel mesh of the model body wall are fixed together by welding; the horizontal section at the upper end of the I-shaped steel is provided with a drilling hole for fixing a replaceable cover plate system;
the link comprises a plurality of inverted T-shaped steels in the width direction of the model body; a plurality of joining fastener walls located along the length of the mold body;
screw holes corresponding in position are formed in the detachable cover plate unit, the inverted T-shaped steel and the connecting and fixing piece wall; each detachable cover plate unit is paved between two adjacent inverted T-shaped steels; the connecting and fixing wall bodies are positioned on the two adjacent detachable cover plate units; the inverted T-shaped steel and the connecting and fixing wall body link the detachable cover plate unit link into a whole through screws, and the whole covers the covering layer at the upstream area of the piping opening;
and a waterproof layer is also arranged between the detachable cover plate unit and the link element.
9. The large-scale embankment piping dangerous situation evolution mechanism physical simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water supply system comprises: a water tank and a water tank overflow system; the water tank overflow device system is used for adjusting the height position of the water level of the water tank and providing hydraulic conditions for the model main body in the piping dangerous case simulation process.
10. The large-scale embankment piping dangerous case evolution mechanism physical simulation device according to claim 9, wherein the model body side further comprises: a water inlet chamber; the water inlet chamber is closed, and the water supply system is communicated with the water inlet chamber through a water inlet pipe; the top of the water inlet chamber is sealed and provided with an exhaust valve, and one side of the water inlet chamber, which is connected with the model main body, adopts a porous steel plate to supply water for the model main body.
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