CN113155515B - Method for quickly and accurately detecting coal rock layer boundary - Google Patents
Method for quickly and accurately detecting coal rock layer boundary Download PDFInfo
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- CN113155515B CN113155515B CN202110370129.1A CN202110370129A CN113155515B CN 113155515 B CN113155515 B CN 113155515B CN 202110370129 A CN202110370129 A CN 202110370129A CN 113155515 B CN113155515 B CN 113155515B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly and accurately detecting coal and rock layer boundaries, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a coal rock core sample of a region to be detected by a drilling method; measuring the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer at the drill hole through the coal core sample; establishing a coal rock stratum geometric model according to the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer; performing forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model to determine apparent resistivity of the coal rock boundary point; acquiring an apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of a region to be detected; and determining the coal rock layer boundary of the region to be detected according to the acquired apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected based on the apparent resistivity of the coal rock boundary point and the structural layer thickness measurement result determined by forward simulation calculation. The invention utilizes the differences of the resistivities of different media to quickly detect the boundary of the coal rock stratum, and combines coring and forward results to obtain the accurate position of the boundary of the coal rock stratum, thereby solving the problems of long time consumption and large error of the traditional drilling method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical detection of coal rock stratum structures, in particular to a method for quickly and accurately detecting coal rock stratum boundaries.
Background
In the underground production process, the measurement of the thickness of the coal layer of the working face and the position of the coal rock boundary line is the key point of geological exploration before production. In the formation process of the coal bed, the coal bed is subjected to geological motion and tectonic stress, so that the thickness of the coal bed is not uniform, and the coal rock boundary line fluctuates. The coal mining method is characterized in that the coal is produced under the condition that the coal rock boundary is not determined, on one hand, part of coal cannot be fully mined, so that the waste is caused, on the other hand, a large amount of gangue can be mined, and the coal mining efficiency is reduced. The method has the advantages that the boundary position of the coal rock layer and the thickness of the coal bed are accurately detected, and the method has important significance for improving the coal mining rate and the coal mining efficiency. In addition, in the process of gas extraction by cross-layer drilling, the coal rock boundary also needs to be determined so as to ensure the extraction effect.
At present, a method of sectional drilling is mostly adopted for determining the coal and rock layer boundary position, and the determination of the drilling position and the depth is blind. The segmented drilling method is small in detection range, the detection result is in a point-to-zone surface mode, coal and rock boundary positions of all regions of a working surface cannot be determined, so that coal and rock boundary detection of partial regions is not accurate, the drilling detection time is long, and the cost of manpower and material resources is high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method capable of continuously, rapidly and accurately detecting the coal rock boundary position.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for quickly and accurately detecting coal and rock layer boundaries, which aims to solve the technical problems of inaccurate detection, long time required by drilling detection and high cost of manpower and material resources in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly and accurately detecting coal and rock layer boundaries comprises the following steps:
obtaining a coal rock core sample of a region to be detected by a drilling method;
measuring the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer at the drill hole through the coal core sample;
establishing a coal rock layer geometric model according to the measured thickness and resistivity of each structural layer;
performing forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model to determine apparent resistivity of a coal rock boundary point;
acquiring an apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of a region to be detected;
and calculating the apparent resistivity of the determined coal rock boundary point and the measurement result of the thickness of the structural layer based on forward modeling, and determining the coal rock layer boundary of the region to be detected according to the obtained apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected.
Further, the method for obtaining the coal core sample of the area to be detected by the drilling method comprises the following steps:
selecting a bottom drawing tunnel below a coal seam as a test point according to the arrangement condition of top and bottom plate tunnels of a region to be detected;
constructing a layer-through drilling hole vertically upwards on a top plate of the bottom suction roadway;
and obtaining a coal core sample of the area to be detected through the cross-layer drilling hole.
Further, the length of the cross-layer drill hole exceeds the length of the upper layer rock of the coal rock layer to be detected by more than 20 cm.
Further, the measuring the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer at the drill hole through the coal core sample comprises the following steps:
separating each structural layer in the coal core sample, and measuring the thickness of each separated structural layer; wherein the structural layer is a coal seam or a rock stratum;
respectively intercepting a plurality of samples with preset sizes from the middle position of each structural layer;
the resistivity of the multiple samples of each structural layer was tested using a multimeter, and the average of the resistivity of the multiple samples of each structural layer was taken as the resistivity of the corresponding structural layer.
Further, the samples taken for each structural layer were square samples having dimensions of 10cm × 10cm × 10 cm.
Further, the number of samples taken per structural layer was three.
Further, establishing a coal rock layer geometric model according to the measured thickness and resistivity of each structural layer; performing forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model, and determining apparent resistivity of a coal rock boundary point, wherein the steps comprise:
according to the measured thickness of each structural layer, a multilayer geometric model comprising a bottom pumping roadway roof, a coal seam and a coal seam roof is established;
assigning values to the multi-layer geometric model by using the measured resistivity of each structural layer, and establishing a coal rock layer geometric model;
and carrying out forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model on apparent resistivity forward simulation software.
Further, the acquiring the apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected includes:
arranging electrodes to a top plate of the bottom suction roadway around the drill hole, connecting the electrodes with a direct current electrical method instrument, and testing through the direct current electrical method instrument to obtain an apparent resistivity distribution map of the coal-overlying strata of the bottom suction roadway;
and testing the apparent resistivity of the coal-overlying strata in other areas in the bottom suction roadway by moving the position of the electrode to obtain the apparent resistivity distribution diagram of the coal-overlying strata in the bottom suction roadway in all areas to be tested.
Further, the determining the coal rock layer boundary of the region to be detected according to the obtained apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected based on the apparent resistivity and the structural layer thickness measurement result of the determined coal rock boundary point calculated based on the forward modeling includes:
according to a unified coordinate system and a legend, combining apparent resistivity graphs corresponding to different positions according to the positions; and connecting the coal rock layer boundaries at all positions to obtain the coal rock layer boundaries of all the areas to be detected.
Further, when the apparent resistivity of the coal-bearing rock layer in other areas in the bottom suction roadway is tested by moving the positions of the electrodes, the distance between the adjacent electrodes is 2m in each arrangement of the electrodes, and the number of the electrodes arranged in each arrangement is 48.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
according to the method, the difference of the conductivity of different media is taken as a physical property basis, the electrodes are arranged on the top plate of the bottom suction roadway, the apparent resistivity image of the coal-rock layer on the bottom suction roadway is obtained through test inversion, and the boundary position of the coal-rock layer is determined by combining the results of coring measurement and forward simulation, so that the boundary of the coal-rock layer is quickly and accurately detected.
The main advantages of the invention are:
1. the invention only needs the former drilling coring, compared with the whole drilling measurement method, the testing workload and the construction cost are greatly reduced;
2. the comprehensive and continuous test of the whole area to be tested is realized, and the defect that the existing test method is 'point-to-surface' is overcome;
3. the method combines the actual coal-rock boundary of coring with the resistivity of the coal and rock samples to carry out forward modeling, and is more scientific and accurate compared with the traditional electrical prospecting method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for rapidly and accurately detecting a coal bed boundary according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for rapidly and accurately detecting a coal bed boundary according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the test effect of coal bed boundaries.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a bottom suction lane; 2. covering a coal seam roof; 3. covering a coal bed; 4. covering a coal seam bottom plate;
5. a bottom suction lane top plate; 6. drilling through layers; 7. an electrode; 8. a direct current electrical method instrument;
9. the range valid region is tested.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First embodiment
The embodiment provides a method for quickly and accurately detecting the coal and rock layer boundary by utilizing the advantages of direct current method area detection, and is suitable for accurately measuring the position of a coal layer before coal layer mining or during gas extraction through a layer. The execution flow of the method for rapidly and accurately detecting the coal rock layer boundary is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
s101, obtaining a coal core sample of a region to be detected through a drilling method.
Specifically, for the above steps, according to the arrangement condition of the top and bottom roadway of the region to be detected, the bottom pumping roadway below the coal seam is selected as a test site; vertically and upwards constructing a layer-through drilling hole on a top plate of a bottom suction roadway of a coal seam to be detected; and obtaining a coal core sample of the area to be detected through the cross-layer drilling hole. And the length of the cross drilling hole exceeds the length of the upper layer of rock of the coal rock layer to be detected by more than 20 cm.
And S102, measuring the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer at the drill hole through the coal core sample.
Specifically, for the above steps, this embodiment is to separate coal and rock layers in the coal core sample, and measure the lengths of the separated coal and rock layers; respectively cutting a cube sample with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm from the middle position of each layer, and cutting three pieces of each lithology into a group; and (4) carrying out resistivity test on three samples in each group by using a universal meter, and taking an average value as the resistivity of the corresponding coal and rock stratum.
S103, building a coal rock layer geometric model according to the measured thickness and resistivity of each structural layer.
Specifically, for the above steps, according to the measured thicknesses of the coal and rock strata, a multilayer geometric model including a bottom suction roadway roof, a coal seam and a coal seam roof is established in this embodiment; and then, assigning values to the established multilayer geometric model by using the measured resistivities of the coal and rock strata, and establishing the coal and rock stratum geometric model.
And S104, performing forward modeling calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model, and determining the apparent resistivity of the coal rock boundary point.
Specifically, for the above steps, in this embodiment, the apparent resistivity forward modeling calculation is performed on the model on the apparent resistivity forward modeling software, and the apparent resistivity of the coal rock boundary point at the coring position is preliminarily determined.
And S105, acquiring the apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected.
Specifically, for the above steps, in this embodiment, electrodes are arranged on the top plate of the bottom suction roadway around the through-layer drill hole, and the electrodes are connected with a direct-current electrical method instrument, and a test is performed by the direct-current electrical method instrument to obtain an apparent resistivity distribution map of the coal-overlying strata of the bottom suction roadway; testing the apparent resistivity of the coal-overlying strata in other areas in the bottom suction roadway by moving the position of the electrode, and determining the coal-strata boundary of the area; and finally, obtaining the apparent resistivity distribution diagram of the coal-overlying strata of the bottom suction roadway in all the regions to be detected in a mode of moving the positions of the electrodes.
When the apparent resistivity of the coal-overlying strata in other areas in the bottom suction roadway is tested in a mode of moving the positions of the electrodes, the distance between every two adjacent electrodes is 2m, and the number of every two electrodes is 48.
And S106, determining the coal rock layer boundary of the region to be detected according to the obtained apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected based on the apparent resistivity and structural layer thickness measurement results of the determined coal rock boundary points calculated by forward simulation.
Specifically, for the above steps, in this embodiment, the resistivity data measured at each position is inverted to obtain apparent resistivity images of each position, and the coal bed boundary is determined on each apparent resistivity image by combining the results of coring measurement, forward modeling and bottom-pumping roadway electrical method test; overlapping the apparent resistivity images of different areas according to a unified coordinate system and a legend, and connecting the coal rock layer boundaries of the areas corresponding to the apparent resistivity images to obtain the coal rock layer boundaries of all the areas to be measured.
In conclusion, the coal rock layer boundary detection method of the embodiment rapidly and accurately determines the positions of the coal bed and the rock layer on the bottom suction roadway by testing the apparent resistivity of the coal bed on the bottom suction roadway and combining the results of coring measurement and forward simulation, so that the test workload and the construction cost are reduced, the defect that the existing test method is 'in point and area' is overcome, and meanwhile, the accuracy of coal rock boundary identification is improved.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the embodiment provides a method for quickly and accurately detecting a coal seam boundary, which is suitable for accurately determining a position of a coal seam before mining the coal seam or when gas is extracted through a seam. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a layer-through drilling hole on a bottom suction roadway top plate; coring and testing the thickness and the resistivity of the coal and rock stratum, establishing a coal and rock stratum numerical model, and performing apparent resistivity forward modeling calculation; obtaining a bottom suction roadway roof apparent resistivity distribution diagram, and determining a coal rock layer boundary within a test range by combining coring measurement, forward modeling and a bottom suction roadway electrical method test result; and testing and acquiring coal rock layer boundaries of all the areas to be tested in a mode of moving the position of the electrode.
Specifically, the method implementation process is shown in fig. 2, and includes the following steps:
s201, selecting a bottom suction roadway 1 below a coal seam or other roadways as a test site according to the arrangement condition of top floor roadways of a region to be tested to test boundary lines of a top plate 2, an overlying coal seam 3 and an overlying coal seam floor 4 of the overlying coal seam, so as to determine the thickness and the position of the overlying coal seam 3;
s202, vertically and upwardly constructing a cross-layer drill hole 6 on the top plate 5 of the selected bottom suction roadway to obtain a coal rock core, wherein the length of the cross-layer drill hole 6 is more than 20cm longer than that of the upper layer of rock of the coal rock layer to be detected;
s203, separating coal and rock of each layer in the coring sample, and measuring the thicknesses of the top plate 2, the upper coal layer 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the upper coal layer at the cross-layer drilling hole 6;
s204, respectively cutting cube samples with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm from the middle position of each layer, cutting three samples of each lithology into a group, using a universal meter to measure and test the resistivity of the three samples in each group, and taking the average value as the resistivity of the corresponding coal and rock stratum;
s205, establishing a multi-layer geometric model comprising an overlying coal seam top plate 2, an overlying coal seam 3 and an overlying coal seam bottom plate 4 according to the thickness of each layer of coal rock measured by coring;
s206, assigning values to the geometric model by using the measured average value of the coal stratum resistivity, and establishing a coal stratum forward model;
s207, performing forward simulation calculation on the model on forward simulation software of apparent resistivity, and preliminarily determining the apparent resistivity of the coal rock boundary point at the coring position;
s208, uniformly arranging 48 electrodes 7 around the through-layer drill hole 6 to the bottom suction roadway top plate 5, wherein the distance between every two adjacent electrodes 7 is 3m, and the electrodes 7 are connected with a direct current method instrument 8 through cables;
s209, starting the direct current electrical method instrument 8, testing the apparent resistivity of the overlying coal layer of the bottom drainage roadway, and obtaining apparent resistivity distribution maps of the top plate 2, the overlying coal layer 3 and the bottom plate 4 of the overlying coal layer of the bottom drainage roadway;
s210, determining a coal rock layer boundary in the effective area 9 of the test range by combining the coring measurement result of S203, the forward modeling result of S207 and the bottom-pumping roadway electrical method test result of S209;
s211, moving the position of the electrode, and testing apparent resistivity of the coal-overlying strata in other areas in the bottom suction roadway;
s212, inverting the data measured at each position to respectively obtain apparent resistivity images of each position, and respectively determining coal and rock layer boundaries on each image;
s213, merging the images according to the positions according to the unified coordinate system and the legend, and placing the images in the same image;
and S214, connecting the coal rock layer boundaries of the graphs to obtain the coal rock layer boundaries of all the regions to be measured.
In summary, the method for rapidly and accurately detecting the coal rock layer boundary in the embodiment preliminarily determines the coal rock layer boundary position by coring measurement and resistivity forward simulation based on the difference of the conductivities of different media as the physical property basis. And then arranging electrodes on a top plate of the bottom suction roadway, testing and inverting to obtain an apparent resistivity image of the coal strata overlying the bottom suction roadway, and combining sampling measurement and forward modeling simulation results to realize quick and accurate detection of the coal strata boundary.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly and accurately detecting coal and rock layer boundaries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining a coal rock core sample of a region to be detected by a drilling method;
measuring the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer at the drill hole through the coal core sample;
establishing a coal rock layer geometric model according to the measured thickness and resistivity of each structural layer;
performing forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model to determine apparent resistivity of a coal rock boundary point;
acquiring an apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of a region to be detected;
calculating the apparent resistivity of the determined coal rock boundary point and the measurement result of the thickness of the structural layer based on forward modeling, and determining the coal rock layer boundary of the region to be detected according to the obtained apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected;
the coal rock core sample of waiting to survey the region is obtained through drilling method includes:
selecting a bottom drawing tunnel below a coal seam as a test point according to the arrangement condition of top and bottom plate tunnels of a region to be detected;
constructing a layer-through drilling hole vertically upwards on a top plate of the bottom suction roadway;
obtaining a coal rock core sample of a region to be detected through the cross-layer drilling;
the length of the cross-layer drill hole exceeds the length of the upper layer rock of the coal rock layer to be detected by more than 20 cm.
2. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting coal seam boundaries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring of the thickness and the resistivity of each structural layer at the drill hole through the coal core sample comprises the following steps:
separating each structural layer in the coal core sample, and measuring the thickness of each separated structural layer; wherein the structural layer is a coal seam or a rock stratum;
respectively intercepting a plurality of samples with preset sizes from the middle position of each structural layer;
the resistivity of the multiple samples of each structural layer was tested using a multimeter, and the average of the resistivity of the multiple samples of each structural layer was taken as the resistivity of the corresponding structural layer.
3. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting a coal seam boundary as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sample cut out of each structural layer is a cube sample having a size of 10cm x 10 cm.
4. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting coal seam boundaries as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of samples intercepted by each structural layer is three.
5. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting the coal rock layer boundary according to claim 1, wherein a coal rock layer geometric model is established according to the measured thickness and resistivity of each structural layer; performing forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model, and determining apparent resistivity of a coal rock boundary point, wherein the steps comprise:
according to the measured thickness of each structural layer, a multilayer geometric model comprising a bottom pumping roadway roof, a coal seam and a coal seam roof is established;
assigning values to the multi-layer geometric model by using the measured resistivity of each structural layer, and establishing a coal rock layer geometric model;
and carrying out forward simulation calculation on the coal rock layer geometric model on apparent resistivity forward simulation software.
6. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting the coal and rock layer boundary according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected comprises the following steps:
arranging electrodes to a top plate of the bottom suction roadway around the drill hole, connecting the electrodes with a direct current electrical method instrument, and testing through the direct current electrical method instrument to obtain an apparent resistivity distribution map of the coal-overlying strata of the bottom suction roadway;
and testing the apparent resistivity of the coal-overlying strata in other areas in the bottom suction roadway by moving the position of the electrode to obtain the apparent resistivity distribution diagram of the coal-overlying strata in the bottom suction roadway in all areas to be tested.
7. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting the coal rock layer boundary according to claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the apparent resistivity and the structural layer thickness measurement result of the determined coal rock boundary point based on forward modeling, and determining the coal rock layer boundary of the region to be detected according to the obtained apparent resistivity distribution map of each structural layer of the region to be detected comprises the following steps:
according to a unified coordinate system and a legend, combining apparent resistivity graphs corresponding to different positions according to the positions; and connecting the coal rock layer boundaries at all positions to obtain the coal rock layer boundaries of all the areas to be detected.
8. The method for rapidly and accurately detecting coal seam boundaries as claimed in claim 6, wherein when apparent resistivity of the coal seam overlying other areas in the bottom suction roadway is tested by moving the positions of the electrodes, the distance between adjacent electrodes is 2m in each arrangement of the electrodes, and the number of the electrodes arranged in each arrangement is 48.
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